Mitral Stenosis

Mitral valve morphology described as having brightness extending into the middle portions, thickening extending through the entire leaflet, and subvalvular thickening extending to the distal third of the chordae would receive a grade of ________ during 2D assessment for potential mitral valvuloplasty.

3

Long-standing, mitral stenosis will result in a pressure overload to the .....?

LA

The short axis view of the mitral valve is used for which mitral stenosis calculation?

MVA by 2D planimetry

One pitfall to MS calculations is AI. The presence of aortic regurgitation can result in a more rapid rise in LV diastolic pressure, resulting in: fine systolic fluttering of the aortic valve mitral valve prolapse a shorter P 1/2 time measurement an increased ejection fraction a lengthened P 1/2 time measurement

a shorter P 1/2 time measurement

Accurate calculation of mitral valve peak velocity is reliant on: a parallel alignment of soundbeam to MS jet using the short axis MV view a parallel alignment of soundbeam to MR jet all of the above

a parallel alignment of soundbeam to MS jet

Left atrial dilatation is associated with: mitral stenosis increased pulmonary pressures significant mitral regurgitation all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is NOT a cause of valvular stenosis? rheumatic heart disease atherosclerosis age-related calcification congenital abnormality

atherosclerosis

A commonly seen arrhythmia with mitral stenosis is:

atrial fibrillation

The E-F slope of the mitral valve corresponds to which event in the cardiac cycle?

diastasis

Which 2D description describes mitral stenosis the best? systolic anterior motion movement of the AMVL into the left atrium during systole diastolic doming of the AMVL echo dense mass with well-defined borders

diastolic doming of the AMVL

Distal to the stenotic jet, the flow stream becomes:

disorganized with multiple flow velocities

An increase in the size of the "B" notch or wave of the mitral valve m-mode suggests:

increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure

The brief period of time between aortic valve closure and mitral valve opening is termed

isovolumic relaxation

The criterion that is helpful in defining mitral stenosis is: left ventricular hypertrophy left ventricular enlargement dilated coronary sinus aortic root dilation left atrial dilation

left atrial dilation

Which of the following abnormality can "mimic" mitral stenosis? lambl's excressence nodules of Arantius carcinoid heart disease aortic valve sclerosis left atrial myxom

left atrial myxom

An increase in the mitral valve E velocity above 2.0 m/sec is indicative of:

mitral stenosis

The modified Bernoulli equation is used to calculate

peak pressure gradients

The most common cause of mitral stenosis is:

rheumatic fever

Commissural fusion is a typical finding of which type of mitral stenosis?

rheumatic heart disease

Proximal to a stenotic valve, flow is: decreased turbulent increased smooth and laminar slow and turbulent

smooth and laminar

Swirling, smoke-like flow seen in an enlarged left atrium is termed ?

spontaneous contrast

Which of the following is NOT an m-mode finding for mitral stenosis? systolic anterior motion reduced D-E decreased E-F slope anterior motion of the posterior mitral valve leaftlet

systolic anterior motion

The term myxomatous degeneration used to describe a mitral valve indicates the presence of:

thickening of the mitral valve leaflets

LA enlargement results in stasis of blood flow and formation of....? thrombus calcification tumor myxoma

thrombus

A patient with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation will most likely have a TEE done. Why?

to look for thrombus in the LA and/or LA appendage

Which flow velocity can be used to calculate pulmonary artery pressure? aortic regurgitation tricuspid regurgitation pulmonary stenosis mitral regurgitation

tricuspid regurgitation

The normal antegrade flow velocity for the mitral valve is ___to___ m/sec.

.6-1.3

An echo calculates the P 1/2 time of the mitral valve to be 198 ms. What is the mitral valve area for this patient?

1.1 cm squared

P 1/2 time is divided by what number to determine valve area ?

220

Severe mitral stenosis will demonstrate a pressure 1/2 time value of greater than __________

220 msec

An echo shows the peak mitral valve velocity at 2.9 m/sec. What is the maximum/peak mitral valve pressure gradient for this patient?

33.64 mmHg

A normal mitral valve area is:

4.0-6.0 cm squared

Severe mitral stenosis is diagnosed when the mitral valve area is:

< 1.0 cm squared