mktg 312 exam 1
Adoption of which type of innovation requires relatively minor changes in behavior or changes in behaviors that are unimportant to the consumer? A. continuous innovation B. dynamically continuous innovation C. discontinuous innovation D. technological innovation E. non-technological innovation
A. continuous innovation
A __________ has at least two members related by birth, marriage, or adoption, one of whom is the householder (i.e., the one who owns or rents the residence). A. family household B. blended family household C. consumption unit D. household E. nontraditional family household
A. family household
Perception is a process that begins with consumer exposure and attention to marketing stimuli and ends with consumer A. interpretation. B. attitudes. C. action. D. acceptance. E. behavior.
A. interpretation.
The minimum amount that one stimulus can differ from another with the difference still being noticed is referred to as the A. just noticeable difference. B. perceptual difference. C. discriminatory difference. D. inferential difference. E. minimal difference
A. just noticeable difference.
Which of the following is considered an individual factor affecting attention? A. motivation B. intensity C. clutter D. attractiveness E. isolation
A. motivation
Advertising is frequently criticized as fostering overly materialistic, self-focused, and short-term values in children. TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
It is critical that a firm consider value from the customer's perspective. TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
Marketing practices are sometimes controversial. TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
Wardrobing is an example of a consumer ethical misbehavior. TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as A. standardization. B. optimization. C. cross-culturalization. D. marketing imperialism. E. cross-fertilization.
A. standardization
A family purchase decision differs from an organizational decision in A. the level of emotion involved. B. the involvement of multiple people in the decision. C. the absence of time pressure. D. the fact that different people play different roles in the purchase. E. All of these choices are correct.
A. the level of emotion involved.
Which of the following refers to how children learn with respect to consumption? A. the process of consumer socialization B. the rate of consumer socialization C. the impact of consumer socialization D. the content of consumer socialization E. the influence of consumer socialization
A. the process of consumer socialization
Which of the following statements is true regarding culture? A. Culture is a relatively simple concept. B. Culture is acquired. C. Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. D. The nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them. E. All of these choices are correct.
B. Culture is acquired.
______ is the lowest intensity of a stimulus that consumers are capable of perceiving. A. The just noticeable difference B. The absolute threshold C. Weber's Law D. The relative threshold E. none of the above
B. The absolute threshold
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding self-concept and culture? A. An interdependent construal of the self is based on the common Asian cultural belief in the fundamental connectedness of human beings. B. Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures. C. An independent construal of the self is based on the predominant Western cultural belief that individuals are inherently separate. D. All the choices are true E. The self-concept is important in all cultures.
B. Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures.
The type of socialization where a person learns a culture other than their native culture: A. democratization B. acculturation C. assimilation D. enculturation E. none of the above
B. acculturation
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of studying consumer behavior? A. improved marketing strategy B. better human resource management C. guidance on regulatory policy D. better informed consumers E. improved social policies
B. better human resource management
____ is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. A. marketing B. consumer behavior C. psychographics D. demographics E. psychology
B. consumer behavior
Advertising run by a firm to cause consumers to unlearn inaccurate information they acquired as a result of the firm's earlier advertising is called A. conforming advertising. B. corrective advertising. C. redundant advertising. D. retractive advertising. E. controvertible advertising.
B. corrective advertising.
Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of "who I would like to be"? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. future self-concept
B. ideal self-concept
Which type of influence occurs when an individual uses the behaviors and opinions of reference group members as potentially useful bits of information? A. transient B. informational C. normative D. identification E. substantive
B. informational
Which type of training occurs when a parent or sibling specifically and directly attempts to bring about certain responses through reasoning or reinforcement? A. consumer training B. instrumental training C. modeling D. mediation E. coercion
B. instrumental training
The product, price, communications, distribution, and services provided to the target market is referred to as the ______. A. need set B. marketing mix C. marketing set D. decision set E. value proposition
B. marketing mix
To be successful, a product must A. have greater distribution than the competition does. B. meet the needs of the target market better than the competition does. C. be lower priced than competitors' products. D. be of higher quality than competitors' products. E. be advertised more than competitors' products.
B. meet the needs of the target market better than the competition does.
According to the Census Bureau, a __________ household is a householder living alone or exclusively with others to whom he or she is not related. A. family B. non-family C. traditional D. blended E. consumption
B. non-family
Which type of reference group influence occurs when an individual fulfills group expectations to gain a direct reward or to avoid a sanction? A. informational B. normative C. identification D. transient E. permanent
B. normative
Which type of reference group involves relatively weak ties and less frequent interaction among its members? A. primary group B. secondary group C. tertiary group D. cohort group E. work group
B. secondary group
Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study? A. demographics B. values C. All of these choices are correct. D. attitudes E. activities and interests
C. All of these choices are correct.
__________ is the assignment of meaning to sensations. A. Attention B. Perception C. Interpretation D. Hemispheric lateralization E. Information processing
C. Interpretation
__________ occurs when a child learns appropriate, or inappropriate, consumption behaviors by observing others. A. Consumer training B. Instrumental training C. Modeling D. Mediation E. Parroting
C. Modeling
______ is best defined as a physiological dependency on the consumption of a product. A. compulsive consumption B. problematic consumption C. addictive consumption D. illegal consumption E. none of the above
C. addictive consumption
Two or more individuals who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs and have certain implicitly or explicitly defined relationships to one another such that their behaviors are interdependent is known as a(n) A. family. B. organization. C. group. D. cohort. E. generation.
C. group.
Which of the following is not an application of consumer behavior? A. social marketing B. informed consumers C. human resource management D. regulatory policy E. marketing strategy
C. human resource management
Charles was examining his perception of himself as whom he would like to be. Charles is examining his A. actual self-concept. B. present self-concept. C. ideal self-concept. D. social self-concept. E. private self-concept.
C. ideal self-concept.
Which type of self-concept emphasizes family, cultural, professional, and social relationships? A. group self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept
C. interdependent self-concept
Which of the following is a major concern regarding legal and ethical behavior with respect to marketing communications? A. the effectiveness of the ad B. the tastefulness of the ad C. the accuracy of the information provided D. the media used to deliver the ad E. the creativity of the ad
C. the accuracy of the information provided
In studying reference groups, identification influence is also called __________ influence. A. informational B. normative C. value-expressive D. affective E. utilitarian
C. value-expressive
One basis for the concern over marketing to children is based on A. dissonance theory. B. attribution theory. C. the multiattribute model of cognitive development. D. Piaget's stages of cognitive development. E. mental development theory.
D. Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
What is the ethical concern regarding the limited ability of children to comprehend advertising messages? A. do children understand the selling intend of commercials B. can children understand specific aspects of commercials C. do children like commercials D. a and b E. a, b, and c
D. a and b
A distinctive subgroup of society that self-selects on the basis of a shared commitment to a particular product class, brand, or consumption activity is known as a A. cohort group. B. clone group. C. dissociative reference group. D. consumption subculture. E. purchase consortium.
D. consumption subculture.
According to the Modern Marketing Concept, what is required for an organization to provide superior customer value to customers? A. conducting market research B. offering their products at the lowest price C. offering extended warranty coverage on products D. doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does E. offering more variations of a product
D. doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does
The type of socialization where a person learns his or her native culture is referred to as: A. democratization B. acculturation C. assimilation D. enculturation E. none of the above
D. enculturation
Which of the following is the primary source of consumer socialization? A. school B. advertising C. friends D. family E. government
D. family
Some individuals have information about many different kinds of products, places to shop, and other aspects of markets. They can be considered a special type of opinion leader and are known as A. product experts. B. shopping experts. C. personal shoppers. D. market mavens. E. market leaders.
D. market mavens.
The extended self consists of the self plus ________. A. all others B. family members C. friends D. possessions E. the ideal self
D. possessions
Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as _____, which is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle by consumer researchers. A. demographics B. lifeographics C. household life cycle D. psychographics E. personality
D. psychographics
_____ is the field of science that studies characteristics of human sensation/perception. A. psychology B. pharmacology C. marketing D. psychophysics E. none of the above
D. psychophysics
The form of consumer research that focuses on understanding and interpreting, and that is characterized by researchers generating hypotheses from data collected is known as the ___. A. quantitative perspective B. consumer focused research technique C. dissociative participant research D. qualitative perspective E. modern marketing perspective
D. qualitative perspective
Which of the following refers to what children learn with respect to consumption? A. the process of consumer socialization B. the rate of consumer socialization C. the impact of consumer socialization D. the content of consumer socialization E. the influence of consumer socialization
D. the content of consumer socialization
Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A. demographics B. values C. language D. nonverbal communications E. All of these choices are correct
E. All of these choices are correct
Stages of the household life cycle are based on A. age of the adult members. B. marital status of the adult members. C. presence of children. D. age of children. E. All of these choices are correct.
E. All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following is a factor determining a reference group's influence on a consumer? A. whether or not the product is a necessity B. whether the use of the product or brand is visible to the group C. the degree of commitment the individual feels to a group D. the individual's confidence in the purchase situation E. All of these choices are correct.
E. All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures? A. colors B. animals C. numbers D. music E. All of these choices are correct.
E. All of these choices are correct.
__________ occurs when a stimulus is placed within a person's relevant environment and comes within range of their sensory receptor nerves. A. Perception B. Attention C. Interpretation D. Perceptual offense E. Exposure
E. Exposure
Which of the following act as limits on marketers' activities? A. political constraints B. legal and regulatory constraints C. competitive constraints D. a and b E. a, b, and c
E. a, b, and c
One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between __________ and __________—which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad. A. actual self-concept; past self-concept B. personal self-concept; interpersonal self-concept C. present self-concept; future self-concept D. private self-concept; public self-concept E. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept
E. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept
Which of the following is not an adopter category? A. innovators B. early adopters C. early majority D. late majority E. procrastinators
E. procrastinators
Changing the channel when a radio commercial comes on, flipping past the ads in a newspaper or magazine, and avoiding a salesperson at BestBuy are all examples of ways for consumers to selectively avoid exposure to marketing messages, often referred to as A. exposure avoidance. B. selective perception. C. selective interpretation. D. perceptual lateralization. E. selective exposure.
E. selective exposure.
______ suggests that when consumers perceive a match between their self-concept and a brand/product image, positive outcomes (e.g., positive evaluations, greater satisfaction) are more likely. A. balance theory B. consumer socialization C. assimilation theory D. self-actualization theory E. self-congruity theory
E. self-congruity theory
Attention is determined by which factor? A. the stimulus B. the individual C. the situation D. the stimulus and the individual E. the stimulus, the individual and the situation
E. the stimulus, the individual and the situation
Cultures are static and rarely change. TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
The societal marketing concept focuses exclusively on meeting the needs of a company's customers. TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
Weber's Law is an example of a contribution to consumer behavior that comes from pharmacology TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
While culture heavily influences marketing strategy, culture is not influenced by marketing strategy. TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
__________ is the process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made. A. Household decision making B. Consumer decision making C. Family decision making D. Joint decision making E. Group decision making
A. Household decision making
__________ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations. A. Norms B. Precepts C. Sanctions D. Prescriptions E. Values
A. Norms
__________ values reflect a culture's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society. A. Other-oriented B. Environment-oriented C. Self-oriented D. Externally-oriented E. Internally-oriented
A. Other-oriented
Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now? A. actual self-concept B. present self-concept C. ideal self-concept D. private self-concept E. social self-concept
A. actual self-concept
How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers? A. by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does B. by offering extended warranty coverage on products C. by offering more variations of a product D. by conducting market research E. by offering their products at the lowest price
A. by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does
A part of the larger market whose unique needs & characteristics differ from other parts of the market is referred to as a (n) _____. A. consumptive market B. niche C. subgroup D. ancillary market E. market segment
market segment
