MKTG CH. 5

According to the _____ philosophy, people can influence their own future.

"master of destiny"

The concept, common among U.S. managers, that people have the power to influence their futures is known as the

"master of destiny" philosophy.

________ is essential to international marketing.

Adaptation

____ refers to attempts to give money to someone, uncoerced, to try to gain some sort of benefit.

Bribery

Which of the following best reflects the universal question among typical corporations in the United States?

Can it be done better?

According to Edward T. Hall, ______ is not only about words.

Communication

Business systems are typified by cooperation among government, management, and labor.

Communitarian capitalism

Which of the following statements about the Western focus on bribery is true?

Corruption and bribery are no longer accepted as norms.

High-context cultures

Depend heavily on nonverbal aspects of communication

Low-context cultures

Depend more on explicit, verbally expressed communication

True or false: Language should be at the bottom of the list when examining the viability of a company's website.

False: Reason: Language should be at the top of the list, not the bottom.

subordinates are not likely to contradict bosses.

High-PDI

Business systems are typified by adversarial relationships among labor, management, and government.

Individualistic capitalism

Subordinates often contradict bosses.

Low-PDI

_____ occurs when factory workers are given a small amount of cash to work more quickly on a given day.

Lubrication

Which of the following ethical principles can assist a marketer in determining what to do and how to act?

Rights of the parties Justice or fairness Utilitarian ethics

Whether an action respects the rights of the individuals involved

Rights of the parties matches

In "The Silent Language of Overseas Business," Edward T.Hall writes about the symbolic meanings, or___________________. __________________ , of such things as time, space, and friendships, and how they differ from culture to culture.

Silent Languges

True or false: One research study across 41 countries shows that the ethics of methods to influence managers are similar in all countries.

TRUE One study has shown relative consistency across 41 countries in the ethics of persuading superiors.

True or false: Participating in corruption by paying a bribe, even if other businesses are doing it, is problematic in terms of the ethics and success of a business. True false question.

TRUE Reason: This statement is true. The decision to pay a bribe creates a major conflict between what is ethical and proper and what appears to be profitable and sometimes necessary for business.

Whether an action optimizes the "common good" or benefits of all constituencies

Utilitarian ethics

Justice or fairness

Whether an action respects the canon of equality to all parties involved

Maintaining ethics and social responsibility in an international market can be challenging because

a manager must navigate all the cultural differences.

Which of the following is a fundamental concept of the American business system?

a never-ending quest for improvement

An outcome of posting a message on a public or business-to-business website is that

a reader might not interpret the message in the way the writer intended.

It should be the goal of every businessperson to

act in an ethically and socially responsible manner.

Having empathy regarding another person's way of thinking can result in better cultural understanding, which in turn leads to overcoming cultural barriers and a tendency toward

adaptation.

Which of the following are general business areas in which standard operations such as decision making and policy making present challenges?

basic human rights and fundamental freedoms consumer protection environmental protection employment practices and policies

In the process of adaptation, business executives must

be conscious of local customs.

Ronald, a marketing executive at Renaissance Corp., offers a government official payment in exchange for tax deductions on advertisements on government property. Ronald is engaged in

bribery.

The belief that _____ is necessary for efficiency, as well as improvement and regeneration, is a key concept in U.S. business practices.

competition

In contrast to managers and policymakers in other cultures, Western managers favor

competition.

For those raised and educated in countries with Marxist ideals, profits may be considered a type of

corruption

In U.S. businesses, the power and task of making decisions are handled by lower management, which means decisions are

decentralized.

International business ethics are complicated by the fact that

different cultures have different customs and beliefs.

A government official demands that a construction company give him money before he will sign off on the continuation of a building project. He threatens to cancel the project and withdraw government funding. The government official is engaged in

extortion.

When a person in power forces someone to make a payment for something that does not require any payment, the person is engaged in

extortion.

David McClelland's worldwide study of goals and aspirations revealed that some cultures value a _____ more strongly than financial gains or job status.

good personal life

Relationship-oriented cultures are characterized by

high power distance.

The anthropologist Edward T. Hall categorized cultures using a

high-context/low-context continuum.

Successful business people are aware that in some cultures, forming friendly relations is a critical first step that must be taken before any business negotiations can commence. In other words, establishing friendships is a cultural

imperative.

The customs that should be adhered to for a business relationship to be successful are known as cultural

imperatives.

A key philosophy of U.S. businesses is that _____ is a tool for social action.

independent enterprise

Which of the following is an important factor for Americans that other countries can see as a form of corruption?

individualism

Lester Thurow made a distinction between two types of capitalism: the British-American ______ form of capitalism and the ______ form of capitalism in Japan and Germany.

individualistic; communitarian

American business relationships, in comparison to business relationships in other cultures, are generally considered to be

informal and casual.

Mainland Inc., an American investment firm, encourages its employees to address their colleagues and seniors by their first names. This scenario describes the American characteristic of

informality.

A characteristic of polychronic time is that

interruptions are routine and delays are expected.

One broad area in which a company faces challenges in normal business operations is

involvement in a country's political affairs.

Which of the following factors are typical of the polychronic time system?

looser time schedules deeper involvement with individuals wait-and-see-what-develops attitude

A type of bribery that includes a small fee or gift to a low-level bureaucrat in a country that does not ban such payments is known as

lubrication.

Unlike American companies, organizations in many other countries have not demonstrated a rapid acceptance of and adaptation to a ______ orientation.

marketing

Profits are directly tied to the success of a company's

marketing orientation.

Western cultures such as North America, Germany, and Scandinavia tend to run on _______________________ time, or M-time, which emphasizes the completion of tasks and adherence to schedules.

monochromic

The time system specified by Edward T. Hall that treats time as something palpable in that it can be wasted or spent is known as

monochronic time.

Which of the following are characteristics of relationship-oriented cultures?

reduced transaction costs high distance from English high context collectivism

Some ancient cultures that valued decadent lifestyles viewed work as an unwelcome component that interfered with the

search for pleasure or a good personal life.

In the United States, a corporation is considered to be a(n) _____ social institution, one with rules, regulations, and an established presence.

separate and vital

A fundamental concept in American business culture is _____, which complements the ideas of merit-based promotion and power over one's future.

sharing in decision making

To succeed in international business, businesspeople must count on the

strong support of the firm.

A payment intended to influence an official to either ignore or commit an illegal activity is called

subornation.

A variation of bribery that includes significant amounts of money paid to an official in the hopes that the official will illegally help the payer is known as

subornation.

Unlike egalitarian countries, countries that value and emphasize status and position place more importance on _____.

the status of business colleagues and clients

The respect a businessperson commands in international business depends on

training and the backing of the firm.

To ensure adequate adaptation, business executives must be willing to _____.

understand that cultural differences may generate confusion and frustration