MKTG4100 Chapter 6
A nonsampling error is: a) A bias that occurs in a research study regardless of whether a sample or census is used b) The transformation of data structures into meaningful information about the target population c) The amount of general sampling error associated with raw data d) The amount of sampling error at a specified level of confidence e) Clearly measurable by using statistical models available to approximate the true magnitude of the error
A
Probability sampling is: a) A technique of drawing a sample in which each sampling unit has a known, non-zero chance of being included in the sample b) The sampling process where the probability of selection of each sampling unit is unknown c) A biased selection of sampling units, based on the researcher's approach d) Where each sample stratum is independent of its size relative to the population e) Are the mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulation groupings that are then randomly sampled
A
Sampling is: a) The selection of a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements b) The inclusion of every member of the defined target population into the research study c) The identifiable total set of elements of interest being investigated by a researcher d) The complete set of elements identified for investigation e) A person or object from the defined target population from which data and information is sought
A
Sampling units are the a) target population elements available for selection during the sampling process. b) identifiable groups of elements of interest to the researcher and pertinent to the informationproblem. c) complete set of elements identified for investigation. d) list of all population elements from which to draw a sample. e) number of units accidentally left out of the sampling frame.
A
Which one of the following statements about cluster sampling is false? a) Cluster sampling is seldom used in research b) Cluster sampling is cost-effective c) A popular form of cluster sampling is area sampling d) Clusters tend to be homogeneous in nature e) None of the above
A
Judgement sampling
A nonprobability sampling method in which participants are selected according to an experienced individual's belief that they will meet the requirements of the study
Probability sampling
A type of sampling in which every element in the population being studied has a known chance of being selected for study
Cluster sampling
An economically efficient sampling technique in which the primary sampling unit is not the individual element in the population but a large cluster of elements, clusters are selected randomly
Sampling error
Any type of bias that is attributable to mistakes in either drawing a sample or determining the sample size
A census is: a) A refined set of population elements with a second factor b) The inclusion of every member of the defined target population into the research study c) The identifiable total set of elements of interest being investigated by a researcher d) The complete set of elements identified for investigation e) A person or object from the defined target population from which data and information is sought
B
A researcher divides the target population into ten groups and randomly picks subjects from three of the ten groups. The researcher is practicing which type of sampling? a) Quota sampling b) Cluster sampling c) Systematic random sampling d) Judgment sampling e) Selective random sampling
B
A sampling frame is: a) The target population elements available for selection during the sampling process b) The list of all eligible sampling units from which to draw a sample c) The representation difference between the population elements and sampling units in the sample frame d) The frequency distribution of a specific sample statistic from repeated random samples of the same size e) The number of sampling units accidentally left out of the sampling frame
B
After conducting a study, a researcher discovers that her study had two errors. First, she inaccurately defined the target population for her study. Second, two of the questions used in her study were incorrect. These two errors, respectively, are examples of: a) sampling error; nonsampling error b) nonsampling error; nonsampling error c) sampling error; sampling error d) nonsampling error; sampling error e) None of the above
B
An instructor teaching an introductory course in marketing has 300 students enrolled in her class. Some students in the class request the instructor to cancel her class on Wednesday before Thanksgiving. She agrees to do so if 70% of the students agreed with the proposal to cancel the class. Instead of asking every student to participate in the poll, she asks students to write their names on index cards and put them in a collection basket. She then asks a student to pull out 30 cards from the basket without looking at the basket or the cards. The instructor is practicing what kind of sampling technique? a) Systematic random sample b) Simple random sample c) Stratified random sample d) Convenience sample e) Judgment sample
B
Julie wants to survey women who do crochet and knitting work on a regular basis. She doesn't care about whether her sample is a probability sample or not. However, her problem is she knows only three women who do crochet and knitting work. She doesn't know where to go looking for more women for her sample. Given her situation, which of the following sampling methods might help her most? a) judgment sampling b) snowball sampling c) cold call sampling d) mystery call sampling e) convenience sampling
B
Toyota Corporation is interested in determining the satisfaction of Lexus users. Instead of sampling the entire population of car owners, Toyota samples those who owned a Lexus. Toyota is drawing its sample from a: a) Sampling unit b) Defined target population c) Designated sampling population d) Subset relevant population e) Full-set relevant population
B
When a marketing researcher asks if a project will need to make predictions or inferences about the target population, the researcher is trying to determine: a) Time frame requirements b) Degree of accuracy c) Scope of the research d) Availability of resources e) Research objectives
B
Non sampling error
Bias that occurs in a research study regardless of whether a sample or census is used, such as bias caused by measurement error, response errors, or coding errors
A college professor wants to find if students in the U.S. colleges will find the new textbook that he has written to be useful and interesting. He decides to sample all marketing majors at the school he teaches. He believes that this group of students will be representative of the U.S. college student population. His method of sampling is most probably: a) Census sampling b) Convenience sampling c) Judgment sampling d) Quota sampling e) Cluster sampling Question 31
C
A college professor wants to know if students in U.S. colleges will find the new textbook that he has written to be useful and interesting. He decides to sample all marketing majors at the school he teaches. He believes that this group of students will be representative of the U.S. collegestudent population. His method of sampling is most probably: a) census sampling. b) convenience sampling. c) judgment sampling. d) quota sampling. e) cluster sampling.
C
A research firm wants to determine the sample size needed to achieve a 95% level of confidence (assume z=2.0) and a 3% precision in the estimate of people who want to reelect their president. If a pilot study has shown that roughly 60% of people are in favor of reelecting, what should be the sample size? a) 6,175 b) 1,600 c) 1,067 d) 4,672 e) Cannot be determined without knowing the total voting population
C
After reading about a particular sampling method, John notes that it has similarities to the concept of market segmentation. Which method is John most likely reading about? a) Simple random sampling b) Systematic random sampling c) Stratified random sampling d) Cluster sampling e) None of the above
C
Before polling students in the School of Business, the researcher divides all the current students into groups based on their class standing (freshman, sophomores, etc). Then, she randomly draws a sample of 50 students from each of these groups to create a representative sample of the entire student body in the School. The researcher is practicing which of the following sampling methods? a) Simple random sampling b) Systematic random sampling c) Stratified random sampling d) Cluster sampling e) None of the above
C
Before polling students in the School of Business, the researcher divides all the current studentsinto groups based on their class standing (freshman, sophomores, etc.). Then, she randomlydraws a sample of 50 students from each of these groups to create a representative sample of theentire student body in the school. Which of the following sampling methods is the researcherpracticing? a) Simple random sampling b) Systematic random sampling c) Stratified random sampling d) Cluster sampling e) Snowball sampling
C
The greatest advantage of quota sampling is that: a) It is a good method for selecting small hard to reach target populations b) It is most useful in qualitative research practices like focus group interviews c) It contains specific subgroups in the proportions desired by researchers d) The success of the study will be dependent on subjective decisions made by the researcher e) None of the above
C
hich one of the following is a nonprobability sample method? a) SRS b) Cluster sampling c) Quota sampling d) Area sampling e) STRS
C
Defined target population
Consists of the complete group of elements that are identified for investigation based on the objectives of the research project
Census
Count of everyone residing in the US, all 50 states, puerto rice and island areas, every 10 years
A disproportionate stratified sample is: a) A technique of drawing a sample in which each sampling unit has a known, non-zero chance of being included in the sample b) The sampling process where the probability of selection of each sampling units is unknown c) Where each sample stratum is dependent on its size relative to the population d) Where each sample stratum is independent of its size relative to the population e) The mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulation groupings that are then randomly sampled
D
Factors that play an important role in determining appropriate sample sizes are the: a) Variability of the population characteristic b) Level of confidence desired in the estimate c) Degree of precision desired in estimating the population characteristic d) All of the above e) None of the above
D
For a given level of precision and confidence level, a researcher is trying to determine the appropriate sample size for two populations with different estimates of expected population proportions (P). Which of the following two populations will require sample sizes that are most similar (minimum difference) to each other? The values given below are the population proportions (P) for the two populations. a) 40% and 50% b) 50% and 30 % c) 60% and 59% d) 70% and 30% e) As long as the precision and confidence stay the same, the proportion doesn't affect the required sample size
D
In a systematic sampling study, if the sampling frame has 1,500 names and the desired samplesize is 50, the "skip interval" should be: a) 25 b) 0.03 c) 50 d) 30 e) 15
D
Central limit theorem (CLT)
Describes the theoretical characteristics of a sample population. Sampling distribution derived from a sample will be approximately normally distributed
A good sampling plan will include the following steps: a) Definition of the target population b) Identify the sampling frame c) Select the appropriate sampling method d) Determine the necessary sample sizes e) All of the above
E
An element is: a) A shorter project that is more likely to fit the decision maker's time frame b) Every member of the defined target population in the research study c) A situation that requires primary research data in the testing of new products or ideas d) The appropriate words or phrases incorporated into the research design e) A person or object from the defined target population from which data and information is sought
E
Which of the following is true of proportionately stratified sampling? a) Each stratum is dependent on its size relative to the defined target population. b) It is used when stratification of the target population produces sample sizes for subgroups thatdiffer from their relative importance to the study. c) The size of each stratum is independent of its relative size in the population. d) The smaller strata are sampled more heavily because they make up a larger percentage of thetarget population. e) Sampling units are divided into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulationscalled clusters.
Each stratum is dependent on its size relative to the defined target population.
Population
Identifiable group of elements (People, products, etc) of interest to the researcher and pertinent to the information problem
Sampling frame
Lists of all eligible sampling units
Systematic random sampling
Probability sampling in which the defined target population is ordered and the sample is selected according to position using a skip interval.
_____ sampling is a probability sampling procedure in which every sampling unit has a known and equal chance of being selected. a) Judgment b) Quota c) Cluster d) Simple random e) Convenience
Simple random
Sampling units
Target population elements actually available to be used during the sampling process
Precision
The degree to which repeated measurements show the same result.
Sampling
The process of selecting a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements such that the information gathered from the small group will allow judgements to be made about the larger groups.
Area Sampling
a form of cluster sampling in which the clusters are formed by geographic designations
Simple random sampling
a method of probability sampling in which every unit has an equal nonzero chance of being selected
Quota sampling
a nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected to ensure that the sample represents certain characteristics in proportion to their prevalence in the population
Sampling plan
a plan that specifies a sample size, the time between successive samples, and decision rules that determine when action should be taken
Stratified random sampling
a probability sampling method in which a population is divided into subpopulation groups called strata; individuals are then randomly sampled from each of the strata
Proportionately stratified sampling
a stratified sampling method in which each stratum is dependent on its size relative to the population
Disproportionately stratified sampling
a stratified sampling method in which the size of each stratum is independent of its relative size in the population
Snowball sampling
recruitment of participants based on word of mouth or referrals from other participants
Non probability sampling
the probability of any particular member of the population being chosen is unknown
Convenience sampling
using a sample of people who are readily available to participate
