MNGMNT 3000H - Chapter 11
An example of ________ would be when a manager expects employees to perform badly, they probably will, and when the manager expects them to perform well, they probably will.
a self-fulfilling prophecy
A waitress assumes a group of poorly dressed customers to be ungenerous tippers. She doesn't pay much attention to them during their meal, forgets to bring their drinks, and doesn't ask if they want dessert. In the end, she gets the result that she expects, a very small tip. This is an example of
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this, he should do all the following except _____.
a. avoid rewarding small successes
As an employee's age increases, his or her _____.
a. job satisfaction increases
Workplace stress diminishes all of the following except _____.
a. job turnover
Employee behaviors that exceed the work-role requirements for the job are known as _____.
a. organizational citizenship behaviors
is more apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment; he has a(n) ______ personality.
a. proactive
A self-fulfilling prophecy is also known as __________.
a. the Pygmalion effect
____________ is (are) defined as those stable psychological and behavioral attributes that give you your identity.
d. personality
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest?
when large amounts of money are on the line
If a person is satisfied with their job, which of the following may NOT be reduced?
workload
Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?
A. Complete an emotional intelligence assessment.
_____ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture.
A. Ethnocentrism
_____________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves.
A. Self-esteem
drinks too much because he has no willpower; but I need a few drinks after work because I'm under a lot of pressure" is an example of an attribution statement.
A. True
finds his job description and the criteria for promotion vague, an example of role ambiguity.
A. True
The statement "I really don't like that Randall got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ________ component of an attitude.
affective
is 57 and his company is downsizing. He knows that his position is one that will be cut so he has started to prepare his resume to look for a new job. Hunter tells him not to bother, as he will not get another job, at least not one that is equivalent to his current job. He tells Sylvester that things have changed since Sylvester went to college and that he couldn't realistically offer too much in the workforce today. Hunter is demonstrating a(n)
age stereotype.
People with ________ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.
an internal locus of control
People with low self-esteem ________ than those with higher self-esteem.
are more dependent on others
manager notices that she exhibits an external locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should
assign Maggie to a highly structured job requiring greater compliance.
The three components of ________ are affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
attitudes
supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this situation, he should do all the following except
avoid rewarding small successes.
supervises several employees who seem to have low self-efficacy. To improve this situation, she should do all the following EXCEPT
avoid rewarding small successes.
Which of the following statements is not true of Millennial employees?
They want acclaim and think everyone should get a trophy.
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
Values
How are values different from attitudes?
Values are consistent over time.
Which of the following is not a symptom of negative stress?
b. alcohol abuse
People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.
b. an internal locus of control
If you have a(n) ____________, you believe you control your own destiny.
b. internal locus of control
You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing _____.
b. role conflict
Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality dimensions?
b. tolerance for ambiguity
The interdisciplinary field of organizational ______ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others.
behavior
The interdisciplinary field of organizational ________ tries to explain and predict workplace behavior to help managers better lead and motivate others.
behavior
The statement "I won't give Austin such a tight deadline again" reflects the ________ component of an attitude.
behavioral or intentional
______ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration.
c. burnout
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to _____.
c. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability
makes many mistakes in the accounting system because he does not understand the language and has found the manuals confusing. Gerald makes mistakes because he rushes. This is an example of
casual attribution.
Which of the following is NOT a step in the perceptual process?
causal attribution
decided to start running each night as soon as work ended before heading home. He has found that it has helped him to be more attentive to his family when he gets home, and it has made him feel better about his work day. What is he working on?
channeling his emotions
The ________ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation.
cognitive
The statement "Mackenzie is slow to return phone calls" reflects the ________ component of an attitude.
cognitive
Which of the following is NOT a distortion in perception?
cognitive dissonance
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce
cognitive dissonance.
Which of the following includes self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability?
core self-evaluations
Absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems are examples of
counterproductive work behaviors.
______ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.
d. The halo effect
Which of the following is the most common drug of abuse?
d. alcohol
Since Frank believes that external forces control him, he may do best in a highly structured job that requires greater compliance. This is an example of _________.
d. an external locus of control
The statement "I won't give Jim such a tight deadline again" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
d. behavioral or intentional
The statement "Drew is slow to return phone calls" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
d. cognitive
People high in ______ are responsive to others' social and interpersonal cues.
d. emotional intelligence
Boring, tedious jobs generally reduce people's perceptions of their _____.
d. self-efficacy
When much of her work was automated with a new computerized system, Brittany became unsure of her ability to do her job. Sara, her boss, has been mentoring her to improve her __________.
d. self-efficacy
Which of the following dimensions is not an example of an external or secondary dimension on the diversity wheel?
d. seniority
Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations?
develop a more formal structure with close, authoritative supervision
Which emotional intelligence trait tends to be empathetic?
social awareness
Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return are experiencing
A. the recency effect.
________ is the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways.
Self-management
A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as anti-smoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance.
B. False
One of the ways to create a Pygmalion effect is to encourage employees to visualize failing at executing tasks and use their fear of failure to motivate them.
B. False
You have important clients in town who want to have dinner with you, but your mother has a plumbing leak and has asked you to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. You are experiencing
B. role conflict.
________ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration.
Burnout
is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration.
Burnout
____ is the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in.
C. Fundamental attribution bias
Which of the following is not a step in the perceptual process?
C. causal attribution
Absenteeism, drug and alcohol abuse, and disciplinary problems are examples of
C. counterproductive work behaviors.
Organizational dimensions, the outer layer of the diversity wheel, include all of the following except
C. ethnicity.
really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Carol has
C. low job satisfaction.
manager notices that she exhibits an internal locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should .
C. provide incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance?
Complete an emotional intelligence assessment.
________ is the personality dimension that describes how achievement-oriented and persistent a person is.
Conscientiousness
The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
D. affective
The statement "I won't give Roberto such a tight deadline again" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
D. behavioral or intentional
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce
D. cognitive dissonance.
________ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike.
Diversity
The statement "Drew is slow to return phone calls" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.
E. Cognitive
________ programs help employees integrate and transition to a new job.
E. Onboarding
_______________ is the ability to control your emotions and act with honesty and integrity in reliable and adaptable ways.
E. Self-management
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
E. Values
An example of _______ would be when a manager expects employees to perform badly, they probably will, and when the manger expects them to perform well, they probably will.
E. a self-fulfilling prophecy, or the Pygmalion effect
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ______ occurs.
E. role overload
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel?
E. union affiliation
During a managers meeting, Maritza rolled her eyes three times, made a cynical remark, and slammed her notebook down on the table. How would you describe Maritza?
She is a stink bomb thrower.
________ is the extent to which people feel secure and unworried.
Emotional stability
is the extent to which people feel secure and unworried.
Emotional stability
________ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture.
Ethnocentrism
________ is the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to the situation the person is in.
Fundamental attribution bias
________ is the extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work.
Job satisfaction
is the extent to which employees have positive or negative feelings about various aspects of their work.
Job satisfaction
________ is the debilitating lack of faith in your ability to control your environment.
Learned helplessness
Which generation is the largest adult generation in the United States?
Millennials
Orchid spa has spent the last year focusing on reducing absenteeism and turnover. It is critical to the business that clients are able to see the same massage therapist or skin specialist every time they come. Which of the following strategies do you think they should try?
Offer employee benefits, such as flexible work hours.
________ programs help employees integrate and transition to a new job.
Onboarding
________ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is.
Openness to experience
is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is.
Openness to experience
________ is the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.
Organizational commitment
Which of the following diversity issues is true in the U.S. workforce?
People of color have hit the glass ceiling, with whites holding more of the managerial and professional jobs.
________ is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
Perception
________ consists of stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity.
Personality
________ is at the center of the diversity wheel.
Personality
________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves.
Self-esteem
________ is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs.
Stereotyping
________ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively.
Stress
________ occurs when we form an impression of an individual based on a single trait.
The halo effect
________ is the tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information.
The recency effect
When confronted with pressure, which of the following is true of people with high self-esteem?
They become egotistical and boastful.
Low self-efficacy is associated with learned helplessness, the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment.
true
Employees at Between the Rounds believe that the company is fair to all employees, regardless of their age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability. It is accurate to say that Between the Rounds has a positive
diversity climate.
________ programs help employees integrate and transition to a new job.
e. Onboarding
Which of the following is not a Big Five Personality dimension?
e. aggressiveness
The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation.
e. cognitive
Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations?
e. develop a more formal structure with close, authoritative supervision
When physically attractive people are also assumed to be smarter and nicer, which perception distortion has occurred?
e. halo effect
According to Festinger, how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors. Which are the correct three factors?
e. importance, control, and rewards
Which of the following is not one of the four layers of the diversity wheel?
e. management status
Misperception often operating among investors (even professionals), who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return, are experiencing __________.
e. the recency effect
At what point during development are our values set?
early teens
People high in ________ are responsive to others' social and interpersonal cues.
emotional intelligence
is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?
emotional stability
A(n) ________ program includes plans to help employees cope with stress, burnout, substance abuse, health problems, and family issues that influence job performance.
employee assistance
Organizational dimensions, the outer layer of the diversity wheel, include all of the following EXCEPT
ethnicity.
really enjoys mingling at work functions, both to network for new contacts and simply to share stories with other interesting people. Roberto probably scores high in
extroversion.
A person who scores high on the openness to experience personality dimension is typically relaxed, secure, and unworried.
false
An employee assistance program focuses on self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, relaxation techniques, physical fitness, and environmental awareness.
false
Cognitive dissonance can cause conflicts at work, make you feel fatigued all the time, and generate problems like insomnia, backaches, headaches, and chest pain.
false
Job satisfaction is an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
false
Research reveals that reactive people tend to be more satisfied with their jobs, committed to their employer, and produce more work than nonproactive individuals.
false
The metaphor for an invisible barrier preventing women and minorities from being promoted to top executive jobs is the steel curtain.
false, it is the glass ceiling
Thought is the process of interpreting and understanding one's environment.
false, perception is
Which of the following is a career readiness competency desired by employers?
generalized self-efficacy
switched jobs to one that was within a half mile of her home and she could walk on most days. After about three months, her new boss announced the company was moving 15 miles outside the city. This would mean that Jenn would now have an hour and half commute that involved a subway and two busses. Her stressor would be considered a
hassle.
impressed her boss by making many suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Anastasia is exhibiting
organizational citizenship behavior.
Research has shown that four-year-old African-American boys are suspended and expelled more often than any other race or gender, regardless of the race of the teacher. The reasons most often given are that they just can't sit still and control their bodies. This is an example of
implicit bias.
According to Festinger, how people deal with cognitive dissonance depends on three factors. Which are the correct three factors?
importance, control, and rewards
Employees with a(n) ________ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision and should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance.
internal
If you have a(n) ________, you believe you control your own destiny.
internal locus of control
believes that she controls her own destiny. She is a rather shy person who is extremely dependable and responsible, and her coworkers respect her greatly. Margarita has a(n) ________ locus of control and would rate high on the ________ dimension of personality.
internal; conscientiousness
Managers, Sophie and Bill, know that their employees will show higher levels of commitment to the company if they are able to increase ________. This will make the top executive happy because overall the employees will elicit higher performance and there will be lower employee turnover.
job satisfaction
Workplace stress diminishes all of the following EXCEPT
job turnover.
Which of the following is a common reason that some women face a glass ceiling?
lack of mentors
really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Alicia has
low job satisfaction.
Which of the following is NOT one of the four layers of the diversity wheel?
management status
An employee's ________ behavior helps the employee exceed the work-role requirements for the job.
organizational citizenship
impressed her boss by making many suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Melissa is exhibiting
organizational citizenship behavior.
Job satisfaction results in stronger ______ and lower levels of ______.
organizational commitment; perceived stress
Stark Industries was just rated number one for job satisfaction on a survey compiled by an outside entity. The report cited that employees at Stark Industries had a strong ________ and reported low levels of
organizational commitment; perceived stress.
Which of the following is a personal driver of employee engagement?
personality
is always coming up with new ideas and seeking funding to explore them. He sees opportunities in the marketplace and wants to be the first person to come up with new products and services that customers want. Ashish, a person who is apt to take initiative and persevere to influence the environment, has a(n) ________ personality.
proactive
To reduce unhealthy stressors in organizations, which of the following would NOT produce favorable results?
provide close, authoritative supervision
The Americans with Disabilities Act requires employers to Multiple Choice hire all qualified persons with disabilities who apply. actively solicit job applications from persons with disabilities. hire quotas of qualified persons with disabilities. reasonably accommodate an individual's disability. hire persons with disabilities to qualify for tax breaks.
reasonably accommodate an individual's disability.
If a manager knows one of her employees has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she should
reinforce the employee's positive attributes and skills.
has important clients in town who want to have dinner, but his mother has a plumbing leak and has asked him to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. Charles is experiencing
role conflict.
When others' expectations exceed one's ability, ________ occurs.
role overload
Boring, tedious jobs generally reduce people's perceptions of their
self-efficacy.
On the first day of class, your teacher walked in and told everyone to look to the left and to the right at the people sitting next to them, because at the end of the semester only one of them would still be in the class with a passing grade. The teacher stated a
self-fulfilling prophecy.
Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Helena has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said her failure was due to the poor economy. Helena provides an example of
self-serving bias.
Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said her failure was due to the poor economy. Lori provides an example of
self-serving bias.
Which of the following is NOT a trait of emotional intelligence?
self-sufficiency
Which of the following dimensions is NOT an example of an external or secondary dimension on the diversity wheel?
seniority
While a moderate amount of stress can have some health and behavioral benefits, excess stress can reveal itself in all of the following ways EXCEPT
slurred speech.
is the tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs
stereotyping
was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning toward hiring Jade, a Japanese American woman, because he thinks Asians are better at math. Timothy is exhibiting which distortion in perception?
stereotyping
Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return are experiencing
the recency effect.
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?
tolerance for ambiguity
According to one study, middle-aged male employees tend to have stable attitudes toward their work, even when they change jobs.
true
Belittling the importance of the inconsistent behavior is one way to reduce cognitive dissonance.
true
Employee engagement is defined as an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work.
true
If you start a new job and find the description and criteria for promotion to be vague, role ambiguity has occurred.
true
Internal dimensions of diversity are those human differences that exert a powerful, sustained effect throughout every stage of our lives: gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and physical abilities.
true
Since internals seem to have a greater belief that their actions have a direct effect on the consequences of that action, internals likely would prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions.
true
has a Master's degree in psychology, but he is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. He is currently experiencing
underemployment.
has a master's degree in psychology, but he is working at a sunglasses cart in the mall. He is currently experiencing
underemployment.
Which of the following dimensions is an example of an organizational dimension on the diversity wheel?
union affiliation