Modern Western Civ - FINAL
Suffrage had been extended to almost all white adult males in the United States by which of the following decades?
1830s
When did Abraham Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
1863
The collapse of the Soviet Union took place in which year?
1991
In a sincere effort to reform his domains typical of enlightened rulers, the Austrian emperor Joseph II issued which of the following?
6,000 decrees and 11,000 new laws
What was the world's population in 2016?
7.4 billion
By 1860, the richest 10 percent of the population in the cities held what percentage of the wealth?
70 to 80 percent
How many men died during the ten-month Battle of Verdun?
700,000
By 1914, what percentage of Britain's population lived in cities?
80 percent
Religion in the age of Romanticism experienced which of the following changes?
A Catholic revival, especially in Germany
John Locke's tabula rasa refers to which of the following?
A blank mind that could be filled with good or evil ideas through education
According to Karl Marx, the final result of the struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat would be which of the following?
A classless society
By the end of his presidency, how was French president Francois Hollande perceived?
A completely incapable leader who could not solve financial problems or respond to terrorist attacks
Great Britain under Margaret Thatcher experienced which of the following?
A large military buildup and hardline approach against communism
The Schlieffen Plan was designed to prevent which of the following?
A prolonged two-front war with Germany on the defensive
The Romantic movement is best viewed as which of the following?
A reaction against the Enlightenment's preoccupation with reason
James Watt was vital to the Industrial Revolution for which of the following inventions?
A rotary engine that could spin and weave cotton
Which of the following was Britain's Great Exhibition of 1851?
A series of public lectures and celebrations of Britain's empire.
The austerity measures put into place in the wake of the global financial crisis resulted in all EXCEPT which of the following?
A speedy economic recovery for Europe and the United States
On July 4, 1776, the delegates of the Second Continental Congress voted to officially begin which of the following?
A system of government that was not dependent on Britain's constitution
During the eighteenth century, Spain experienced which of the following?
A temporary rejuvenation by the reforms of Philip V
Who murdered Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, and what did this act represent?
A terrorist organization, signaling that a new global threat was emerging
The resignation of Antonín Novotný in Czechoslovakia was precipitated by which of the following?
A writers' rebellion
Many of the cahiers de doléances called for which of the following?
Abolishing the fiscal privileges of the church and nobility
How did the Vietnam War end?
After United States withdrew in 1973, South Vietnam was captured by North Vietnamese forces by 1975.
When did Khrushchev's unpopularity with the Communist Party reach its apex?
After his rash plan to place missiles in Cuba
How did Truman and his Western European allies respond to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948?
Airlifting supplies into Berlin
Although France granted full independence to Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, where did it attempt to retain its dominion?
Algeria
How are Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries best described?
Although they were readily accepted in his own country, they were resisted on the continent.
All of the following are associated with the first term of Barack Obama's presidency EXCEPT which one?
An escalation of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
Which of the following was the chief reason for Japanese expansion in the 1930s?
An expanding population and severe lack of natural resources on the island nation
The development of trench warfare in France was characterized by which of the following?
An increase in the reliance upon artillery, heavy weapons, and entanglements to defend complex, static positions
Which of the following artists was a Neo-Expressionist?
Anselm Kiefer
The Ohio National Guard killed four student protesters in 1970 at which university and during which event?
At an antiwar protest at Kent State University
By 1941, the Japanese Empire included all EXCEPT which of the following?
Australia
Prussian leadership of German unification meant which of the following?
Authoritarian and militaristic values had triumphed over liberal constitutional values in the new German state.
In addition to examining everyday life, the literary Realists of the mid-nineteenth century were also interested in which of the following?
Avoiding sentimental language by using careful observation and description
Napoleon met his final defeat at which of the following battles?
Battle of Waterloo
Who among the following advocated a less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century?
Beccaria
Romanticism in art and music was well characterized by whom?
Beethoven, whose compositions bridged the gap between Classicism and Romanticism
Which of the following pairs of nations were the first continental nations to completely establish a comprehensive railroad system?
Belgium and Germany
Who among the following is the author of The Feminine Mystique?
Betty Friedan
Which of the following was a key financial advantage the British government enjoyed over French rulers in the eighteenth century?
Britain's capacity to borrow large sums of money at low rates of interest
Which of the following was the most important factor in preventing the European overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America?
British naval power
How did Paracelsus revolutionize the world of medicine in the sixteenth century?
By advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine
How did Tycho Brahe contribute to the advance of astronomy?
By making accurate observations of the planets
How did Napoleon's Continental System try to defeat the British?
By preventing British trade
Pugachev's rebellion broke out after which of the following?
Catherine the Great's policies worsened conditions for the peasantry
Who among the following was the Nationalist leader of China in the 1930s?
Chiang Kai-shek
Steam engines were powered by which of the following fuels?
Coal
A major source of resistance to the Nazis came from which of the following groups?
Communists throughout Europe, especially after the German invasion of Russia in 1941
Which of the following is NOT a reason that owners of cotton factories employed children?
Compulsory education from age five to age eight meant they could follow written instructions from factory supervisors.
What was the immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus?
Condemnation, initially by Protestant leaders like Luther who condemned the discovery as contrary to their literal interpretation of the Bible
Which of the following guiding strategic principles heavily informed most U.S. policy toward communism since 1947?
Containment
By the end of the eighteenth century, which of the following trends was discernible?
Corporal and capital punishment were on the decline.
As soldiers on both sides realized that no one could gain an advantage in trench warfare, what was the result?
Daily life for the soldier became increasingly squalid and miserable in rat-infested trenches.
The so-called permissive society of the 1960s was characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?
Declining rates of divorce
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, which of the following was the main priority for the United States?
Defeating Germany first and then turning its great naval war machine against Japan
Yugoslavia was divided into warring factions because of which of the following reasons?
Demands for ethnically distinct provinces
Which one of the following was NOT a part of the emergence of the late nineteenth-century mass society?
Diminishment of the conditions of the lower classes
The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all EXCEPT which of the following?
Dissolve several smaller German states
The special legal privileges of the European nobility included all EXCEPT which of the following?
Dividends from state revenues
The Nazi rule of Europe was most ruthless in which of the following regions?
Eastern Europe, because Nazi officials considered Slavs to be racially inferior
What type of new energy source powered the Second Industrial Revolution?
Electricity
Pope Leo XIII responded to modern ideas in all EXCEPT which of the following ways?
Embracing Marxist socialism
Which of the following was the "blank check" effect?
Encouraging Austria of Germany's support in any attack on Serbia
The Industrial Revolution in Britain was largely inspired by which of the following?
Entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods
Efforts at industrial reform in the 1830s and 1840s in Great Britain achieved all EXCEPT which of the following?
Establishment of a national system of trade unions by 1847
Economically, World War I resulted in which of the following?
European governments gradually took full control of all aspects of their economies.
Although the war is called a world war, it did not involve the colonial possessions of the European nations.
False
China played an important part in the war when they invaded India.
False
Fortunately the Seven Years War was limited to primarily military casualties with very few civilian deaths.
False
King Leopold of Belgium controlled the Congo region of central Africa and is remembered as a good and enlightened ruler.
False
Prussian soldiers were not very well trained and were fortunate to win battles because they always outnumbered their opponent.
False
The Berlin Conference of 1885 was held to create a government for Africa so Africans could learn to govern themselves.
False
The Seven Years War was only fought on the European continent.
False
The Suez Canal was of little value in establishing a trade route because it was too shallow for oceanliners.
False
The assassination of the German prince, Frances Ferdinand was the beginning of the road to WWI.
False
The earliest European explorers to go around the coast of Africa were the Dutch who established a trading colony.
False
When the German army invaded Belgium, the USA entered the war against Germany.
False
Which of the following was a favorite type of private charity supported by the rich in eighteenth-century Europe?
Foundling homes for poor and abandoned children
Immediately following the fall of Poland, how did Britain and France respond?
France and Britain declared war but remained relatively inactive militarily.
How was Louis Napoleon's Second Empire brought to an end?
France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War
Who among the following was the leader of the Physiocrats and their advocacy of natural economic laws?
François Quesnay
The Bill of Rights ratified by the new United States guaranteed which of the following?
Freedom of religion
Who was the first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope?
Galileo
The Red Shirts fought for whom?
Garibaldi
In 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the war on whose side?
Germany
Which state dominated the market for dye-stuffs by 1900, controlling 90 percent of the market?
Germany
Which state had the most successful socialist party in the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century?
Germany
War broke out between Russia and Germany in 1941 after which of the following events?
Germany launched a surprise attack on Russia.
Hitler's plan for defeating Britain relied on which of the following?
Germany's Luftwaffe gaining control of the skies
The Triple Alliance before 1914 included which of the following countries?
Germany, Austria, Italy
How is Deism best described?
God created the universe but does not actively run it
Which of the following describes a major difference between British and continental industrialization?
Government played a larger role in continental industrialization.
Which of the following Progressive-era laws went into effect during Woodrow Wilson's tenure as president in the United States?
Graduated federal income tax
Which pair of nations had not practiced conscription prior to World War I?
Great Britain and the United States
The Triple Entente before 1914 included which of the following countries?
Great Britain, France, Russia
What position did Theodor Herzl, the leader of the Zionist movement, take?
He advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Klemens von Metternich is best known for which of the following positions?
He believed European monarchs shared the common interest of stability.
At the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party in 1956, Khrushchev controversially did which of the following?
He condemned Stalin.
Gustavus III of Sweden adopted which of the following policies?
He established freedom of religion, speech, and press.
How is Antoine Lavoisier best described?
He is regarded as the founder of modern chemistry.
How is Otto von Bismarck, the Prussian-born leader of German unification, best described?
He practiced Realpolitik in conducting domestic and foreign policy.
Which of the following is true of Johann Sebastian Bach?
He produced religious music as a way to worship God.
How is the philosophy of René Descartes best described?
He stressed a separation of mind and matter.
Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon?
He was both a child of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.
A rise in female prostitution in European cities during the later nineteenth century can best be attributed to which of the following?
Heavy migration to cities by country women and their increasingly desperate struggle for urban economic survival
The reunification of Germany was accomplished under whose leadership?
Helmut Kohl
Which of the following statements best applies to Napoleon's domestic policies?
His Civil Code reaffirmed the ideals of the Revolution while creating a uniform legal system.
Which of the following statements best applies to Charles Darwin and his evolutionary theory?
His theory emphasized the idea of the "survival of the fit" in which advantageous natural variants and environmental adaptations in organisms determine their survival.
During the Second Industrial Revolution, working-class organizations increasingly viewed women as "naturally" suited for which role primarily?
Housewives
Camille Pissarro was one of the founders of which of the following movements?
Impressionism
Which of the following was the greatest difference between Naturalism and Realism in literature?
In general, naturalism was more pessimistic than realism.
Which of the following is the best description of a cartel?
Independent enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas.
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on which of the following?
Inductive reasoning
Charles Parnell, the leader of the Irish representatives in Parliament, called for which of the following?
Irish self-government through a separate parliament but not complete independence
Which of the following best describes why the steam engine was so important to the development of industry?
It allowed renewable sources of energy, like water, to be used to power production.
How is Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man best described?
It argued for the animal origins of human beings, who had evolved by adapting to their environment over time.
During the seventeenth century, what happened to royal and princely patronage of science?
It became an international phenonmenon
How is the work of Blaise Pascal best described?
It believed that reason had limitations
The Communist Manifesto of Marx and Engels is based on which of the following premises?
It claimed that all historical development was caused by class struggle.
How is Newton's world-machine best described?
It created a new cosmology in which the world was seen largely in mechanistic terms
The Congress of Vienna led to which of the following results?
It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
How is Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland best described?
It demonstrated the application of the principle of legitimacy.
When the government called for the Estates-General to meet, which of the following policies did it follow?
It doubled the number of representatives from the Third Estate.
During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Britain's Tory government did which of the following?
It enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the Peterloo Massacre of 1819.
How did the French Academy differ from the English Royal Society?
It enjoyed abundant government support and control.
How is the Industrial Revolution's effect on the standard of living best described?
It especially benefited the middle classes.
How is Mazzini's risorgimento best described?
It failed due to opposition of the French, the Austrians, and the pope.
Which of the following was the outcome of the 1848 Frankfurt Assembly?
It failed in its attempt to create a united Germany.
Giuseppe Mazzini's nationalist organization, Young Italy, achieved which of the following outcomes?
It failed to achieve his goal of "resurgence" by 1849.
Which of the following was the result of the Treaty of Versailles?
It forced Germany to acknowledge "war guilt" and to pay reparations for its alleged wartime aggression.
How is the French Republic's army in the 1790s best described?
It fueled modern nationalism and was raised through total mobilization of the population.
What was the effect of entry of the United States into World War I in April 1917?
It gave the nearly defeated Allied Powers a psychological boost.
What was the overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes?
It generated facts about differences between men and women that were used to prove male dominance.
How did the National Assembly responded to the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen by Olympe de Gouges?
It ignored her demands.
Why was the development of the railroads in the Industrial Revolution so important to Britain?
It increased British supremacy in civil and mechanical engineering.
How is the Baroque-Rococo artistic style of the eighteenth century best described?
It is evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann.
Why did science become an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century?
It offered a new means to make profits and maintain social order
In regard to the Catholic Church, the National Assembly adopted which of the following policies?
It passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen.
An appropriate symbol of détente between Russia and America was the ABM Treaty of 1972 that had resulted in which of the following?
It pledged the two nations to limit their development of anti-ballistic missile systems, thus avoiding a new arms race.
The 1975 Helsinki Agreements saw which of the following outcomes?
It recognized all borders in central and Eastern Europe established since World War II.
How is the dismemberment of Poland in the late eighteenth century best described?
It showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a state in the period.
How is the trade union movement prior to World War I best described?
It varied from country to country but was generally allied with socialist parties.
How is the Encyclopedia best described?
It was a 28-volume compilation of articles by many influential philosophers.
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution on Western Civilization?
It was a major turning point that represented cooperation in the pursuit of new knowledge.
How is urbanization in the first half of the nineteenth century best described?
It was a phenomenon directly tied to industrialization.
How is the philosophical doctrine of existentialism best described?
It was best expressed in works that emphasized an inherent meaninglessness and absurdity of life.
How is Europe's unequal social organization in the eighteenth century best described?
It was determined by the division of society into traditional orders.
Following World War II, Germany experienced which of the following?
It was divided into four zones of occupation under U.S., British, French, and Russian administrations.
By 1789, how is the Estates-General best described?
It was divided over the issue of voting by orders or by head.
By summoning the Estates-General in 1789, how are the government's motives best described?
It was merely looking for an easy way to solve the immediate financial crisis.
Which of the following best describes the origins of ISIS/ISIL?
It was originally a branch of al-Qaeda operating against the U.S. occupation of Iraq in the early 2010s.
How is the Solidarity movement in Poland best described?
It was outlawed in 1981 and its leaders arrested.
How is the growing movement of nationalism in nineteenth-century Europe best described?
It was radical since it encouraged people to shift their political loyalty away from existing states and rulers.
How is Britain's cotton industry in the late eighteenth century best described?
It was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories.
How is European diplomacy during the eighteenth century best described?
It was shaped by the attempt to prevent one state from dominating the others.
How is the new social class of industrial workers in the early Industrial Revolution best described?
It worked in dangerous conditions for long hours.
Eurocommunism was most successful in which country?
Italy
Which of the following powers seized German-held territories in the Pacific?
Japan, Australia, and New Zealand
Who among the following took the position that individuals would be forced to be free if they did not obey the general will?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna?
Klemens von Metternich
Who among the following was the first chancellor and "founding hero" of the West German Federal Republic?
Konrad Adenauer
In Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899), Houston Stewart Chamberlain predicted that Germany was destined to do which of the following?
Lead the Aryan race to the conquest of Europe
Donald Trump's administration quickly discarded all EXCEPT which of the following long-standing principles of U.S. foreign policy?
Leadership roles in international organizations like NATO and efforts to fight climate change
The first independence movements among the Soviet republics during Gorbachev's rule occurred in which country?
Lithuania
How are the Russian zemstvos best described?
Local assemblies with limited self-governing powers
After Napoleon's rule ended, the nations of Europe restored the French monarchy with this king:
Louis XVIII
The Third Estate was composed of all EXCEPT which of the following?
Lower aristocrats
Who among the following was the English writer who argued in A Serious Proposal to the Ladies that women should become better educated?
Mary Astell
The belief that everything mental, spiritual, or ideal was simply a result of physical forces is known as which of the following?
Materialism
Under Frederick II of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to whom?
Members of the nobility
J.S. Mill's On the Subjection of Women made which of the following arguments?
Men and women did not possess different natures.
Who was the eighteenth-century composer considered to be the most innovative and who composed the opera The Marriage of Figaro?
Mozart
Initially, trade unions in the first half of the nineteenth century functioned primarily as what kind of groups?
Mutual aid societies
Among nineteenth-century European political movements, which of the following was the most responsible for triggering World War I?
Nationalism
Which of the following literary works employs "magic realism"?
One Hundred Years of Solitude
As one measure of the French crown's terrible financial predicament, by 1788 the interest payments on the state debt alone amounted to which of the following?
One-half of all government spending
Which of the following issues united the postwar Arab states?
Palestinian resistance to Israeli occupation
By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states had NOT become independent?
Panama
Britain's emergence as the first industrial power was aided by all EXCEPT which of the following?
Parliament's heavy and controlling involvement in private enterprise
Which of the following was among the notable achievements of the British Liberals under Lloyd George?
Passage of the National Insurance Act of 1911 providing sickness and unemployment benefits to workers
During the 1760s, British policy makers sought to raise revenues from the American colonies for which of the following purposes?
Paying for the expenses of the British army in its defense of the colonies
Sixty percent of the victims of the Reign of Terror were from which of the following social orders?
Peasant and laboring classes
The largest segment of European society in the nineteenth century was composed of which of the following groups?
Peasant landholders, unskilled day laborers, and domestic servants
Which of the following is true of the European peasantry in the eighteenth century?
Peasants often owed extensive compulsory services to aristocratic landowners.
Postmodernism in art could include all EXCEPT which of the following?
Photorealism
The most important form of literary expression for the Romantics was which of the following mediums?
Poetry
In 1988, the first free parliamentary elections to occur in Eastern Europe for forty years took place in which country?
Poland
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu argued that the best political system in a modern society is one that has which feature?
Power is divided between the three branches of government.
Which of the following was the chief accomplishment of the National Convention?
Preservation of the revolution from being destroyed by foreign enemies
To keep their industrial monopoly, Britain attempted to do which of the following?
Prohibit industrial artisans from going abroad
Friedrich List showed how Germany could catch up with British industry by doing which of the following?
Protecting infant industries with high tariffs
Vera Zasulich's successful use of violence against the tsarist regime in Russia led to which of the following outcomes?
Radicals from a group known as the People's Will assassinated Alexander II.
Regular police forces and prison reforms were geared toward which of the following goals?
Reducing criminal behaviors by creating the impression of constant surveillance
One of the chief reasons why Europe initially lagged behind England in industrialization was a lack of which of the following resources?
Roads and means of transportation
Who was the scientist whose work led to the law that states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted upon it and who argued that matter is composed of atoms, later known as the chemical elements?
Robert Boyle
The brutal dictatorial Communist government of Nicolae Ceausescu came to an end in 1989 in which country?
Romania
The final act of Italian unification occurred in 1870 after which of the following events?
Rome became the capital city following the withdrawal of French troops.
Which American president led efforts to maintain a Vietnam-like war in Afghanistan by aiding anti-Soviet insurgents?
Ronald Reagan
Which one of the following men established the first textile factory using water-powered spinning machines in Rhode Island in 1790?
Samuel Slater
Bismarck goaded the Austrians into war in 1866 with the occupation of which of the following regions?
Schleswig-Holstein
In reaction to significant elements of rationalism and deism, in which two countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers choose new religious movements?
Scotland and Ireland
Hitler's "Diplomatic Revolution" between 1933 and 1936 included all EXCEPT which of the following?
Seizing leadership of the League of Nations in 1933
Which major trend in music since World War II was best expressed in the works of Olivier Messiaen?
Serialism
Catherine the Great of Russia adopted which of the following policies?
She followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks.
How did Maria Montessori exemplify the "new woman" of modern times?
She obtained a professional degree and applied her expertise to new fields of inquiry like early childhood development.
Who was Maria Winkelmann?
She was a German astronomer
Which of the following best describes why President Obama's efforts to address gun violence and climate change were stifled?
Significant political opposition from the Republican Party
The War of Austrian Succession began in 1740 when Prussia attacked which of the following Habsburg provinces?
Silesia
Who among the following was long regarded as the George Washington of Latin America?
Simón Bolívar
Historians generally agree that the Industrial Revolution began during which of the following periods?
Sometime after 1750
After his election to the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon pursued a "southern strategy" by creating policies designed to appeal to whom among the following?
Southern whites
Which of the following was a key factor contributing to the development of the Cold War in Eastern Europe?
Stalin's desire to establish pro-Soviet governments in the countries of Eastern Europe to serve as a buffer zone against possible Western attacks on the Soviet Union
The quantum theory of energy developed by Max Planck raised fundamental questions about which of the following?
Subatomic realm of the atom and the basic building blocks of the material world
Which revolutionary leader helped overthrow the Manchu dynasty of China in 1912?
Sun Yat-sen
Which of the following art movements was NOT prominent in the three decades prior to World War I?
Surrealism
In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek transferred the Chinese Nationalist government from the mainland to where?
Taiwan
The French diplomat who switched sides after the Revolution and was influential in European politics to benefit France.
Tallyrand
Which of the following includes challenges facing the European Union in the twenty-first century?
That many Europeans remain committed to a national identity and do not see themselves as "Europeans"
By the late nineteenth century, which of the following groups had emerged as labor's dominant voice in the United States?
The American Federation of Labor
The tank was introduced by to the battlefields of World War I by whom?
The British
By the early nineteenth century, much of India had fallen under the control of which of the following entities?
The British East India Company
Which of the following were German colonies?
The Cameroons, Southwest Africa, Togo
In the Concordat of 1801, Napoleon made peace with which of the following?
The Church
Which event exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century?
The Dreyfus affair
During the Franco-Prussian War, which of the following events proved decisive?
The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Sedan.
How is the Battle of Stalingrad best described?
The German high command realized that they could not defeat the Soviet Union.
All are true for the home front in the United States EXCEPT which of the following?
The Great Depression continued, although the worst effects of it were alleviated.
In order to implement the Liberal Party's social reform program, David Lloyd George radically curtailed the power of which of the following institutions?
The House of Lords
Otto von Bismarck belonged to which of the following classes?
The Junker class
In seeking unification, many Italian nationalists in the 1850s looked for leadership from whom?
The Kingdom of Piedmont
Hitler's first act of aggression took place in 1936 when the Germans occupied which of the following regions?
The Rhineland
Hitler settled on acquiring German Lebensraum in the east in Russian territory in part because of which of the following beliefs?
The Slavs were an "inferior" people now governed by impotent Jews among the Bolsheviks and worthy of enslavement.
Between April and June 1940, Nazi Germany successfully invaded all EXCEPT which of the following countries?
The Soviet Union
Which of the following countries was the only country to use women as combatants in World War II?
The Soviet Union
At the close of World War II, which of the following two states were increasingly drawn into a tense rivalry?
The Soviet Union and the United States
The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s included all EXCEPT which of the following?
The Supreme Court approval of the concept of "separate but equal" in public schools
British statesmen who followed a policy of appeasement believed Germany served as a powerful bulwark against which of the following countries and ideologies?
The USSR and the spread of communism
Which of the following events was the immediate cause of World War I?
The assassination of Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo
The Great War annihilated which of the following basic precepts on which Western civilization seemed to have been founded?
The belief in progress
Which of the following trends helped lead to the outbreak of the Great War?
The belief of European states that they had to uphold the power of their allies for their own internal security
The dispute that sparked the Franco-Prussian War centered on which of the following?
The candidacy of a member of the Hohenzollern dynasty to the Spanish throne
All of the following is characteristic of the United States in the 1950s EXCEPT which one?
The collapse of labor unions
Which of the following was a major development in British politics before 1914?
The continual growth of political democracy
European society in the eighteenth century experienced which of the following?
The continued dominance of the nuclear family
Which of the following has been a continuing problem roiling Canadian politics for the past several decades?
The demand by many French-speaking Canadians that the province of Quebec become independent of the rest of Canada
Which of the following was an overall result of the Crimean War?
The destruction of the Concert of Europe and the creation of opportunities for Italian and German national unification
Why do historians think that the origins of the Vietnam War, in part, lie in the process of decolonization?
The division of Vietnam into antagonistic northern and southern states occurred after Vietnamese military forces had defeated the French, former governors of the region.
European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by which of the following?
The emergence of secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life
High culture in eighteenth-century Europe was characterized by which of the following?
The enormous impact of the publishing industry
Which one of the following did NOT account for the increasing population in Europe between 1850 and 1880?
The eradication of polio
Postwar Italian politics was characterized by which of the following?
The hegemony of the Christian Democrats with backing from the Catholic Church
A key conduit of "enlightened" American political and moral ideas back to Europe came in which of the following forms?
The hundreds of literate and influential French army and navy officers who had fought on the American side during the Revolutionary War
George H. W. Bush was defeated for reelection in 1992 for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?
The inability to win the Gulf War
Which of the following groups most embraced liberalism?
The industrial middle class
William Harvey's On the Motion of the Heart and Blood refuted which of the following formerly held understandings?
The liver was the beginning point of the circulation of blood.
Hitler's "Final Solution" to the Jewish problem called for which of the following?
The mass murder of all European Jews
Louis-Philippe was most strongly supported by which of the following social orders?
The middle classes
The French philosophers mostly included people from which of the following social groupings?
The nobility and the middle class
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove which of the following?
The planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth
The Rococo artist Antoine Watteau emphasized which of the following?
The pleasure and joy of aristocratic life
The Great Hunger in Ireland stemmed from the spread of a fungus that attacked which of the following?
The potato crop
All are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT which of the following?
The practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth-century universities
The domestic system of textile production in France and Britain is known as which of the following?
The putting-out system
Which of the following was an overall effect of the Korean War on the Cold War?
The reinforcement of the American determination to "contain" Soviet power
All were characteristics of Romanticism EXCEPT which of the following?
The rejection of the supernatural and unfamiliar
All of the following were persistent trends in the upper-class eighteenth-century European family EXCEPT which one?
The removal of children from foundling homes to board at state and municipal workshops
How did Descartes believe that the world could be understood?
The same principles inherent in mathematical thinking
"Sweating" jobs for women involved which of the following?
The subcontracting of piecework, usually in the tailoring trades
The Grand Tour refers to which of the following?
The travels to ancient European sites that generally completed the proper education of an aristocrat's sons
The Truman Doctrine was a consequence of Truman's alarm over which of the following strategic concerns?
The weakness of the British in the eastern Mediterranean
How are Louis Blanc's "national workshops" in France best described?
They became little more than unemployment compensation units through public works projects.
In the aftermath of World War I, how did birthrates in Europe change?
They declined noticeably as a result of the death and maiming of a generation of young men.
What goal did Britain's Fabian Socialists have?
They favored evolution toward a socialist state by democratic means.
Published travel accounts of different cultures resulted in which of the following?
They led to the development of cultural relativism.
How are European Green movements best described?
They made average people aware of environmental problems and gained a variety of local and national political offices.
The policies of Ronald Reagan entailed which of the following?
They more than doubled the national debt.
The rise of the industrial factory system deeply affected the lives and status of workers in which of the following ways?
They no longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage.
How are the works of Fontenelle best described?
They popularized a growing skepticism toward the claims of religion.
How are organized religions in the seventeenth century best described?
They rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world
Which of the following is NOT true of the ideas of Copernicus?
They resulted in a system much less complicated than that of Ptolemy
How did early audiences respond to Igor Stravinsky's Rite of Spring?
They rioted in protest because of its sharp dissonance and blatant sensuality.
How are scholars devoted to Hermeticism best described?
They saw the world as a living embodiment of divinity where humans could use mathematics and magic to dominate nature.
How are the European middle-class families during the late nineteenth century best described?
They stressed functional knowledge for their children to prepare them for their future roles.
During the reign of Alexander III, ethnic Russians constituted what percentage of the population of the Russian Empire?
They were a large minority.
In the 1700s, how are the members of the British Parliament best described?
They were chosen in different ways in different districts.
During the nineteenth century, which of the following is true regarding treatment of Jews in Europe?
They were emancipated in most countries, but still faced restrictions.
Why were European mobilization plans so inflexible?
They were extremely complex, involving millions of men, large amounts of matériel, and transportation infrastructure across very large distances.
By 1900, how are most European educational systems best described?
They were free and compulsory at least at the primary level.
How are the divisions between the French working and middle classes best described?
They were further widened by the brutal suppression of the Paris Commune in 1871.
How are the French philosophers best described?
They were literate intellectuals who meant to change the world through reason and rationality.
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives experienced which of the following changes?
They were replaced by men who used devices and techniques derived from the study of anatomy.
Bombing raids against civilian targets was carried out for which of the following reasons?
To break the will of a people to resist
Which of the following principles led Great Britain to declare war on Germany?
To help France and Russia defeat Germany so Britain could retain its status as a major world power
The signatories of the Paris Climate Accords of 2015 agreed to do which of the following things?
To look for ways their own countries could reduce emissions without causing political, economic, or social problems
According to Burke, which of the following was the object of conservatism?
To preserve the achievements of previous generations by subordinating individual rights to communal welfare
Under the U.S. presidency of Jimmy Carter, which of the following became a major goal of American foreign policy?
To protect human rights globally
What was the chief motivation of Georges Clemenceau's terms of armistice?
To punish Germany and gain security for France
Today, an increasing number of migrants are moving away from their homes for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?
To spread their culture and laws across the globe
A problem for the USA when it decided to enter the war was a large immigrant population that had strong loyalties to their country of origin.
True
Because they had spent huge amounts of money in the wars, Britain decided to tax its colonies to pay down the debt.
True
Britain controlled the seas because of its superior navy, but the French concentrated on a land based army.
True
By the beginning of WWI in 1914 90% of Africa was under the control of a handful of European nations.
True
Frederick II of Prussia occupied the territory of Silesia which lead to war with Austria.
True
In the early stage of the war, the French army was transported in taxi-cabs to the military frontline.
True
The German U-boats became a very effective weapon against the naval forces of Britain.
True
The Seven Years War had its roots (beginning) in the War of Austria Succession which began in 1740.
True
The Triple Alliance was a military agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
True
The chain reaction of drawing most of Europe into WWI was caused by the treaties and agreements among the nations, for example Russia was drawn in when it came to the aid of the nation of Serbia.
True
The colony of Liberia was made up of ex-slaves from the United States.
True
The end of WWI resulted in redrawing the map of Europe and the creation of new nations.
True
The only African country to defeat a European nation was Abyssinia who defeated Italy and remained free.
True
The treaty which ended the Seven Years War gave Britain control over much of North America.
True
To carry out its WWI war strategy, Germany invaded the country of Belgium to encircle the French army.
True
Trade from Africa to Europe actually began with the Roman Empire.
True
When the Dutch needed a source of labor for their colony on the tip of Africa, they imported slaves from other parts of Africa and islands nearby.
True
When the English took control of the Cape of Good Hope, they abolished slavery and the Dutch moved inland and established the new colony, Free Orange State.
True
Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man argued which of the following?
Unindoctrinated students could liberate the masses from their elite oppressors.
The textile industry which developed in England needed a supply of raw cotton, especially from this country.
United States
Dmitry Medvedev was succeeded as president of Russia in 2012 by whom?
Vladimir Putin
The family that established a kitchenware/pottery industry in England. Their products are highly prized and collectible today.
Wedgewood
How was the Second Empire in France created in 1852?
When French voters overwhelmingly voted for the restoration of the empire
Who among the following was the prime minister who furthered British imperial ambitions by acquiring Canada and India?
William Pitt the Elder
In her pathbreaking text The Second Sex, the influential French feminist author Simone de Beauvoir argued which of the following?
Women had always and wrongly been defined by their differences from men and consequently seen as second-class beings.
All of the following statements regarding women in the postwar era are correct EXCEPT which one?
Working women received equal pay with men by the 1960s.
The Warsaw Pact included all EXCEPT which of the following nations?
Yugoslavia
After the defeat of Napoleon the nations of Europe forced France to
accept occupation and pay an indemnity for the cost of the Napoleonic Wars
You are...
doing great!!!
