Module 1.1 Quiz

As compared to dendrites, axons usually ____

Are covered with myelin

Glial cells ____

Are smaller but more numerous than neurons in the human brain

The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called ____

Dendrites

Nodes of Ranvier are _____

Gaps in the myelin of axons

Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that ____

Increase the surface area available for synapses

What do neurons have that other cells do not

Large, branching extensions

Glial cells whose function most closely resembles that of the immune system are called ___

Microglia

Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____

Molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls

The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are ____

Neurons and glia

the stricter that contains a cell's chromosomes is called the ____

Nucleus

What type of glial cells myelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

Oligodendrocytes

___ in the brain and spinal cord and ____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons

Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition

Other fuels do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier

Small, charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____

Protein channels

Which those of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body

Schwann cells

Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____

Shape

The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialized junctions through which the dendrite receives information from other neurons. What are the junctions called

Synaptic receptors

Ribosomes are the part of the cell that ____

Synthesizes new proteins

What leads to Korsakoff's syndrome

Thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcoholism

The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.​

​network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter

A blood-brain barrier

As a general rule, axons convey information ____

Away from their own cell body

What is the main source of nutrition for vertebrate neurons

Glucose

Chemicals are released by axons ____

Into the junction between neurons

Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?​

Microglia (astrocytes)

The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____

Network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

What structure is composed of two layers of fat molecules that are free to flow around one another

The membrane

Neurons typically have one _____, but many____.

axon; dendrites

Radial glia

guide the migration of neurons and their axons and dendrites during embryonic development

Dendrites ____

Are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of ____

Fat

The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.​

Myelin

Why does the brain need thiamine

To enable it to metabolize glucose

What type of glia helps to synchronize the activity of axons

Astrocytes

Which type of glia release chemicals that modify the activity of neighboring neurons

Astrocytes

Water, oxygen, and ____ most freely flow across a cell membrane

Carbon dioxide

If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand, you would quickly pull your hand away. The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____

Efferent neurons

The membrane of a neuron is composed of ____ with ____ embedded in them

Fat molecules; proteins

If all of a neuron's dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered a(n) ____ neuron

Intrinsic

What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons

Intrinsic

What happens to a virus that manages to cross the blood-brain barrier and enters the brain

It remains there and may cause negative effects several years later

The major disadvantage of a blood-brain barrier is that ____.​

certain required chemicals must be actively transported

Glucose enters the brain via which type of transport

Active transport

A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____

An end bulb

Korsakoff's syndrome ___

Is marked by severe memory impairments