Module 12: Healthy Weight and Body Composition

As one's BMI increases above _______kg/m2, the risk of dying from heart disease increases quite dramatically. A) 24.9 B) 25.1 C) 32.4 D) 43.0

A) 24.9 As one's BMI increases above 24.9 kg/m2, the risk of dying from heart disease increases quite dramatically.

Excess fat that accumulates in the __________ area is associated with a condition known as the "metabolic syndrome." This condition is characterized by a host of health problems, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, low high-density lipoproteins, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, and certain cancers. A) Abdominal B) Hips and thigh C) Leg D) Upper chest

A) Abdominal

In a study that examined BMI and mortality, the authors reported a strong association between A) Very high BMI levels and reduced life expectancy B) High BMI levels and reduced life expectancy C) Moderately high BMI levels and reduced life expectancy D) No relationship between BMI levels and life expectancy

A) Very high BMI levels and reduced life expectancy

A simple waist girth measurement is all that is needed to evaluate metabolic syndrome. Waist girth is... A) the smallest circumference between your lower rib and above the umbilicus B) the largest circumference between your lower rib and above the umbilicus C) the smallest circumference between your upper rib and below the umbilicus D) the largest circumference between your upper rib and below the umbilicus

A) the smallest circumference between your lower rib and above the umbilicus

The health and social consequences related to obesity include which of the following: A) Hypertension and elevated blood lipids B) Diabetes (type 1) C) Diabetes (type 2) ​D) Coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure E) Various cancers (colon, breast, endometrial, gallbladder) F) Low self-esteem and depression G) Stroke, sleep apnea, and gallstones H) Osteoarthritis I) Substance abuse J) Employer discrimination (hiring prejudice, lower wages)

All but B) diabetes type 1

During the period from 2007 to 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that approximately ____% of adult calories consumed were from fast food. A) Less than 10% B) 11.3% C) 15.4% D) 17.2% E) None of the above

B) 11.3% During the period from 2007 to 2010, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that approximately 11.3% of adult calories consumed were from fast food

Levels below the recommended BMI range of __________ results in increased mortality rates. A) 15.5-18.5 kg/m-2 B) 18.5- 24.9 kg/m-2 C) 24.9- 28.8 kg/m-2 D) 28.8- 37.3 kg/m-2

B) 18.5- 24.9 kg/m-2 Levels below the recommended BMI range of 18.5-24.9 kg/m-2 results in increased mortality rates.

Fat gained in the abdominal area is known as ________, and is characterized by an apple shape. A) Gynoid obesity B) Android obesity C) Aynoid obesity D) Abdominal obesity

B) Android obesity Fat gained in the abdominal area is known as android obesity, and is characterized by an apple shape.

The most dramatic mortality rates are observed at BMI levels over _____. A) 25 kg/m2 B) 27 kg/m2 C) 30 kg/m2 D) 35 kg/m2 E) 40 kg/m2

C) 30 kg/m2 The most dramatic mortality rates are observed at BMI levels over 30 kg/m2

Men and women are at risk for Metabolic Syndrome if their waist girth exceeds _______, respectively. A) 30 and 40 inches B) 40 and 30 inches C) 40 and 34 inches D) 34 and 40 inches

C) 40 and 34 inches

_______ of American adults are at risk for developing weight related health problems. A) Less than 47% B) 59.2% C) 68.8% D) 69.1%

C) 68.8%

By assessing your ________, valuable information can be determined to help you determine your optimal, healthy weight. A) Muscle to fat ratio B) Muscular endurance C) Body composition D) Body composition and muscle to fat ratio

C) Body composition By assessing your body composition valuable information can be determined to help you determine your optimal, healthy weight.

During the period from 2007 to 2010, the 20- to 39-year-old age group had the highest intake from fast food, averaging ______% of daily calories consumed. A) 15% B) 15.1% C) 15.2% D) 15.3% E) 15.4%

D) 15.3% The 20- to 39-year-old age group had the highest intake from fast food, averaging 15.3% of daily calories consumed.

Healthy weight should be based on your.... A) Current weight and health B) Recreational goals C) Recreational goals and mental goals D) A and B only E) A and C only

D) A and B only Healthy weight should be based on your current weight, health, and recreational goals, therefore this varies for each individual

Grade III obesity is associated with a reduced life expectancy of A) 5 years for Caucasian females B) 8 years for African-American females C) 12 to 20 years for Caucasian males and African-American males D) All of the above E) A and C only

D) all of the above

The primary cause(s) of the obesity epidemic include... A) Decreases in physical activity B) Changes in dietary patterns C) GMOs D) Increases in substance abuse E) A and B only F) A, B, and D only

E) A and B only Decreases in physical activity and changes in dietary patterns appear to be primary causes of the obesity epidemic.

Health risks associated with low BMI levels include... A) Premature bone loss B) Decreased immune function C) Cardiac abnormalities D) Iron deficiency anemia E) All of the above F) A, B, and D only

E) All of the above Health risks associated with low BMI levels include premature bone loss, decreased immune function, cardiac abnormalities, and iron deficiency anemia.

The best way to lose fat and maintain lean body mass is A) Caloric restriction B) A regular exercise program that includes only aerobic training C) A regular exercise program that includes only resistance training D) A regular exercise program that includes both aerobic and resistance training E) A and B only F) A and D only

F) A and D only The best way to lose fat and maintain lean body mass is to combine caloric restriction with a regular exercise program that includes both aerobic and resistance training

The assumption of the ideal weight prediction model is that there is an optimal fat range based on.... A) Height B) Sex C) Age D) Physical activity levels E) A and B only F) B and C only

F) B and C only The assumption of the ideal weight prediction model is that there is an optimal fat range based on sex and age

True or false: To calculate your ideal weight it is important to understand that weight loss ideally comes from lean body mass vs. height.

False, To calculate your ideal weight it is important to understand that weight loss ideally comes from fat mass vs. lean body mass.

True or false: The rate of obesity in the United States is not slowing

False, While the rate of obesity in the United States is slowing, obesity is considered a serious health problem

True or false: Gynoid fat distribution carries the same health risks as android fat distribution.

False, gynoid fat distribution does not carry the same health risks.

True or false: It is not possible to be overweight/obese (by BMI) and have excess adipose tissue (as determined by %fat calculation) and be considered healthy.

False, it is entirely possible to be overweight/obese by BMI and have excess adipose tissue as determined by %fat calculation and be considered healthy The critical component in this equation is your aerobic fitness level.

True or false: The calculation of ideal weight will work if your weight loss strategy consists of just caloric restriction.

False, losing weight without exercise results in the loss of both fat and lean body mass.

A dose response relationship exists between BMI levels and ________.

Mortality

The ideal weight prediction model does not _________; it just provides a body weight range based on a predetermined healthy body fat level.

This method does not evaluate health risks; it just provides a body weight range based on a predetermined healthy body fat level.

T or F: Adult obesity rates have doubled since the early 1960s.

True

True or false: According to the most recent BMI data for American adults: 31.2% were considered normal weight (BMI < 24.9) ; 33.1% were considered overweight (BMI 25 -29.) and 35.7% were identified has obese (BMI >30) .

True

True or false: Although the relationship between reduced life expectancy and high BMI levels is well documented, weighing too little can also impact longevity.

True

True or false: For individuals with a BMI in the 30-35 range that are aerobically fit, it appears that fitness, not fatness, predicts eventual health outcome.

True

True or false: If your body fat level or BMI level is too high, you might want to consider losing weight. However, before you decide to embark on a weight-loss program, you might first want to determine if you are at your healthy weight

True

True or false: It is possible to be obese and aerobically fit.

True

True or false: The health consequences of low BMI levels were recently brought to light in the fashion industry following the death of a model with a BMI of 13.5kg/m2.

True

True or false: While much is known regarding obesity and associated health risk, little has been written about the health risks of weighing too little (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2).

True

True or false: ​Overweight (BMI 25 - 29.9 kg/m2) and obesity(BMI> 30kg/m2)are major health concerns in the United States and worldwide.

True

True or false: Recent studies have shown a strong relationship between aerobic fitness and decreased health risk status despite higher BMI and % fat levels.

True

True or false: While the reasons for the observed mortality risk in low BMI individuals are numerous, some deaths can be attributed to a lifestyle that promotes excessive dieting and risky health behaviors.

True

Your healthy weight range can be calculated based on your percent fat by using the steps below: 1. Determine ______ 2. Determine ________ 3. Determine _______

Your healthy weight range can be calculated based on your percent fat by using the steps below. 1. Determine fat mass: Fat mass = body weight * (%fat ÷ 100) 2. Determine lean body mass: Lean body mass = body weight - fat mass 3. Determine healthy weight: Healthy weight = Lean body mass ÷ (1 - healthy %fat ÷ 100)

What is becoming an area of increasing alarm is related to _____________.

extended periods of sitting at the workplace.

To determine ideal weight, ____________ has to be determined.

percent fat level

Excessive levels of obesity (Grade III, BMI > 45 kg/m2) results in a quantifiable ___________.

reduction in life expectancy.

​Fat gained in the hips and thighs is termed ________ and is associated with a pear-like appearance. A) Gynoid obesity B) Android obesity C) Aynoid obesity D) Abdominal obesity

​A) Gynoid obesity Fat gained in the hips and thighs is termed gynoid obesity and is associated with a pear-like appearance.

​The addition of resistance training to an aerobic exercise program can improve body composition by A) Decreasing fat B) Increasing caloric intake C) Increasing lean body mass D) Decreasing lean body mass E) A and C only F) A and D only

​E) A and C only The addition of resistance training to an aerobic exercise program can improve body composition by decreasing fat and increasing lean body mass.