Module 2 - Socio-cultural Evolution (44/50pts) "B"

Who is the father of anthropology?

Boaz

_______________ is credited with developing the structural approach and binary thought

Claude Levi Strauss

Archaeological theory that states our minds and imaginations affect our development. Things like religion, ideology, or worldviews.

Cognitive-processional approach

At each time period, we see mound-building occur. As cultures evolved, we see more elaborate mound-building because of increase in populations, specialization of labor, and technology.

TRUE

Cremations seem to be the most prevalent burials found in association with effigy mounds

TRUE

Cultural Resource Management (CRM) means we have to thoroughly document and manage the past to save cultural materials?

TRUE

Diffusion is when an idea, technology, or concept occurs in one area and spreads out either by person to person or culture to culture.

TRUE

Effigies and effigy mounds can help to illuminate aspects of the Mississippian Culture and the Southeastern Indians' belief systems.

TRUE

Mounds are some of the most important factors in determining prehistoric rituals, as well as conveying political and social ideology

TRUE

Platform mounds are related to ceremonial aspects of the Southeastern Indians' social and religious beliefs, and burial mounds have been more closely associated with the status and power of the political leader.

TRUE

Point typology and pottery typology are the two main ways we date sites because different stages of the past produced different works.

TRUE

The archaeological record helps us understand sociocultural evolution

TRUE

With the Prehistoric Southeastern Indians, we see mound-building as a form of socio-cultural evolution that begins in the Archaic Period.

TRUE

Discovered Olduvai Gorge

The Leakeys

Who contributed to our understanding of Mycenaean and Greek culture?

The Scheilmanns

Coined the 3 Age System of Europe?

Thomsan

One of the largest burial mounds in North American is

Totlec Mounds

Created grid system.

Wheeler

Mounds can be placed into 5 categories:

conical (burial) mounds, platform mounds, effigy mounds, linear mounds, and rock mounds

Type of archaeology that stresses using the scientific method

processual

Noted that human settlement patterns changed with landscapes, aiding to the idea that cultural evolution was contingent on the surrounding environment.

stewart

Who coined cultural evolution?

Pitt-Rivers

Archaeological theory that ecological approach, which just notes the ecological factors affecting cultural change

Evolutionary approach

Archaeological theory that states that - there are stages of development that we can track. Adapting to one's environment is key to evolution because we grow and change by adapting. That is one reason the human species is resilient and able to survive in almost all environments on earth.

Evolutionary approach

The future of archaeology is not bright

FALSE

The three Age system is great because it can be applied to all parts of the world.

FALSE

Which archaeologist created the new archaeology emphasizing the scientific method?

Lewis Benford

Archaeological theory that states that class inequality, economic different, and social conflict were forces of change with prehistoric cultures. The different factors that makeup a society affect how it grows and changes.

Marxist perspective

Were some of the biggest mounds ever constructed— rivaling many Mesoamerican sites, such as Teotihuacan

Mississippian Platform mounds

These structures helped define space, symbolized nature, and were essential to ceremonies, in addition to performing such mundane functions as refuge from flooding

Mounds

What are the archaeological methods?

Shoveling testing, mitigation, using technology, and mapping

Coined multicultural evolution

Stwert

Can simply be viewed as "systematic change through time"

Evolution

Were constructed either in a geometrical shape or in the shape of an animal

Effigy mounds

It was first settled in 950 AD, declined by 1550 AD and consists of six earthen (platform) mounds, a village area, plaza, and a defensive moat

Etowah

Who started the first archaeology school?

Fiorelli

Who is considered the first archaeologist?

Herodotus