Module 25 Psych
Pork chops that are described as 75 percent lean seem much more appealing than pork chops that are 25 percent fat. This is an example of _____
framing
When consumers respond more positively to ground beef described as "75 percent lean" than to the same product labeled "25 percent fat," they have been influenced by ____________
framing
Carrie is vacationing in an unfamiliar city. She isn't quite sure where her hotel is but she knows it's near the beach. Carrie also realizes that the streets generally go from north to south, while avenues generally go east to west. She uses this information to quickly find her hotel. This is an example of using a(n) _____
heuristic
belief perseverance
ignoring evidence that proves our beliefs are wrong; closes our mind to new ideas
According to Robert Sternberg, what provides the ability to see things in novel ways, to recognize patterns, and to make connections?
imaginative thinking skills
fixation
inability to view problems from a new angle; focuses thinking but hinders creative problem solving
convergent thinking
narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution
Immediate and easy-to-understand feedback regarding a student's performance on a physics practice test is MOST likely to inhibit:
overconfidence
Prompt and clear feedback regarding a student's performance on a psychology practice test is MOST likely to inhibit:
overconfidence
Overconfidence
overestimating the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements; allows us to be happy and to make decisions easily, but puts us at risk for errors
Matching new items to a(n) _____ provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into existing mental categories
prototype
Sunil had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it did not resemble his _____ of a sport.
prototype
concept
a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
prototype
a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories
mental set
a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
insight
sudden aha! Reaction that provides instant realization of the solution
Widely reported terrorist attacks, such as on 9/11 in the United States, led some observers to initially assume in 2014 that the missing Malaysian Airlines Flight 370 was probably also the work of terrorists. This assumption illustrates the ______________ heuristic
availability
confirmation bias
tendency to search for support for our own views and ignore contradictory evidence
_____ allow us to quickly categorize new objects and events with little cognitive effort
concepts
Algorithm
methodological rule or procedure that guarentees a solution but requires time and effort
The most systematic procedure for solving a problem is a(n) ___________
algorithm
We sometimes use trial and error to solve a problem. However, if we want a guaranteed solution, we should use a methodical, step-by-step procedure, called a(n) _____
algorithm
cognition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Some people still believe in ghosts despite the fact that the scientific evidence has proven otherwise. They are exhibiting _____
belief perseverance
Shawna is about to graduate with a B.A. in psychology and is planning to attend graduate school. Her primary interests are in memory storage, problem solving, and communication. She is MOST interested in
cognition
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating is known as:
cognition
A mental grouping of similar things is called a ____________
concept
Dr. Williams is designing a new intelligence test. One of the questions asks test-takers to think of all the items that belong to the mental grouping, or _____, for table—for example, surgical table, dining table, and work table
concept
Because he mistakenly believes that older workers are not as motivated to work hard as younger workers are, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for signs of laziness among his senior employees. When he sees a younger employee slacking off, he usually assumes that he is taking a well-deserved break. His supervision strategy BEST illustrates:
confirmation bias
People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. This is known as:
confirmation bias
availability heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
divergent thinking
expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions)
intuition
fast, automatic, effortless feelings and thoughts based on our experience; adaptive but can lead us to overfeel and . underthink
While working on a problem, people often think about it for a long time until all of a sudden the solution comes to them. This is an example of:
insight
As part of her child development course, Paris has chosen to analyze children's drawings. She collected drawings from 50 children in the third grade. She became so engrossed in the project that she lost track of time. Three hours ago she had meant to spend only an hour on the project. Paris is demonstrating _____
intrinsic motivation
David tends to study the same way for every course, no matter the subject. So far, he has been successful. This is an example of a(n) _____
mental set
heuristics
simple thinking shortcuts that allow us to act quickly and efficiently, but put us at risk for errors
creativity
the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
If someone estimates the likelihood of events based on the ease with which they retrieve them from memory, they presume such events are common. This is called;
the availability heuristic
framing
wording a question or statement so that it evokes a desired response; can influence others' decisions and produce a misleading result
