Module 3: Ethical Principles

Functions of ethics in policymaking include which of the following?

-Guiding the development of new policies -Examining the effects of policies that have been implemented

The purposes of the ANA Code of Ethics include

-States the ethical values, obligations, duties, and professional ideals of nurses as individuals and a collective -Expresses the profession's understanding of its commitment to society -Outlines the profession's non-negotiable ethical standard

The philosophy that people choose rules that, when followed consistently, will maximize the overall good

Rule-utilitarianism

Which of the following are true of professional codes of ethics?

Seek to protect the people the profession serves, ensuring the competence of members, and guarding the integrity and trustworthiness of the discipline Provide guidance to nurses regarding their relationships with patients, colleagues, the profession and society Are created to articulate the core values shared by members of the profession

Which of the following are focal virtues in characterizing a virtuous person?

compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, and integrity.

Deontology is _________the theory stating that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the nature of the act, rather than its consequences.

ethical

Deontology is the ___________ theory stating that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the nature of the act, rather than its consequences.

ethical

Professional codes of ______are written to govern the expectations of discipline-specific rules of behavior.

ethics

The study of social morality and philosophical reflection about society's norms and practices is

ethics

Principles of distributive _____________ include to each according to his ability to compete in the open marketplace, to each the same thing, to each according to his need, to each according to his merits.

justice

Which of the following are attributes of an effective ethical decision maker?

moral integrity, sensitivity, compassion, caring, sense of responsibility, empowerment, and patience and willing to deliberate.

Institutional values can be both covert and __________

overt

The National Council for State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) instituted guidelines to ensure that nurses maintain __________ boundaries within the nurse-patient relationship.

professional

Which of the following are considered intervening factors in ethical decision making?

uncertainty, context, multiple stakeholders, power imbalance, extraneous variables, other relevant cases, and urgency

______ clarification refers to the process of becoming more conscious of and naming what we value or consider worthy.

values

A principle associated with Immanuel Kant referring to moral rules that have no exceptions

Categorical imperative

Requires that one does not disclose private, sensitive, or secret information

Confidentiality

Ethical theory stating that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the nature of the act, rather than its consequences

Deontology

The ethical theory associated with Immanuel Kant stating that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends on the nature of the act, rather than its consequences.

Deontology

Sensitive insight involving acute judgement and understanding, which results in decisive action

Discernment

Ideas about justification of beliefs

Epistemology

Ideas about the conduct of life

Ethics

True or False: The ANA Code of Ethics serves multiple purposes, including to outline implications for nurses who do not abide by the code.

False

True or False: Virtue ethics proposes that there are principles and rules that must be followed to make morally correct decisions.

False

True or False: Beneficence is the ethical principle requiring that nurses avoid causing harm.

False, Beneficence is the ethical theory that requires that nurses promote good, prevent harm and remove evil or harm

True or False: Moral agency are the standards or principles that guide individuals in considering right and good or wrong and bad.

False, Moral agency is the nurse's ability to act morally and promote positive outcomes for patients, basing actions and decisions on internalized principles and knowledge of right and wrong, good and bad

True or False: The ANA Code of Ethics includes outlined "rights" of nurses that ensure nurses feel comfortable advocating for their patients and themselves.

False, The ANA Code of Ethics is a statement to society that outlines the values, concerns, and goals of the nursing profession

True or False: The distributive justice principle that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution, effort, or compensation is to each according to his need.

False, The distributive justice principle that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution, effort, or compensation is to each according to his merits.

True or False: Gathering data and identifying conflicting moral claims is the first step in the ethical decision-making process.

False, The first step of the ethical decision-making process is to articulate the problem and determine a realistic goal.

True or False: The primary function of ethics in policymaking include is guiding the development of new policies.

False: The equally important functions of ethics in policymaking are guiding the development of new policies and examining the effects of policies that have been implemented.

True or False: Moral reckoning occurs when a person is aware of a moral problem, acknowledges moral responsibility, and makes a moral judgement about the correct action, yet is constrained from the self-determined morally correct action.

False; Moral reckoning is a three-stage process that includes a critical juncture requiring resolution and action

True or False: The final stage of the moral reckoning process is the stage of resolution.

False; The stages of the moral reckoning process are stage of ease, stage of resolution, and stage of reflection.

Relates to the concept of faithfulness and the practice of keeping promises

Fidelity

Differences in health outcomes among groups of people

Health disparities

Efforts to ensure all people have full and equal access to opportunities that enable them to lead healthy lives

Health equity

Differences in health that are avoidable, unfair and unjust

Health inequities

Ideas about the general nature of the world

Metaphysics

Directs one to avoid causing harm, including deliberate harm, risk of harm, and harm that occurs during the performance of beneficial acts

Nonmaleficence

A principle associated with Immanuel Kant stating that individuals should act as another's ends were their own and never as only a means

Practical imperative

The final stage of the moral reckoning process is the stage of

Reflection

Honoring people's freedom to make choices about issues tat affect their lives, free from lies, restraint, or coercion

Respect for autonomy

Rationalists believe that there are truths about the world that are necessary and universal and that these truths are superior to the information we receive through our senses.

True

True or False: The purposes of the ANA Code of Ethics include to state the ethical values, obligations, duties, and professional ideals of nurses as individuals and a collective; to express the profession's understanding of its commitment to society and to outline the profession's non-negotiable ethical standard.

True

A form of moral philosophy that considers the right action to be that which is the most useful

Utilitarianism

The ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized or preferred by individuals, groups, or society

Values

The process of becoming more conscious of and naming what we value or consider worthy

Values clarification

Telling the truth

Veracity

_________ethics represents the idea that individuals' actions are based on a certain degree of innate moral virtue.

Virtue

The concept that individuals' actions are based on a certain degree of innate moral virtue

Virtue ethics

The philosophy that people choose actions that will, in any given circumstance, increase the overall good

Act-utilitarianism

The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and types of values

Axiology

___________ distress occurs when a person is aware of a moral problem, acknowledges moral responsibility, and makes a moral judgement about the correct action, yet is constrained from the self-determined morally correct action.

Moral

Occurs when a person is aware of a moral problem, acknowledges moral responsibility, and makes a moral judgement about the correct action, yet is constrained from the self-determined morally correct action

Moral distress

Anger that occurs when one person perceives that another has violated a moral standard or principle

Moral outrage

A form of moral theory that embraces the uniqueness of cases, the culturally ethical features, and ethical judgement in each case

Moral particularism

A three-stage process that includes a critical juncture requiring resolution and action

Moral reckoning

The standards or principles that guide individuals in considering right and good or wrong and bad

Moral values

Moral agency is defined as:

The nurse's ability to act morally and promote positive outcomes for patients, basing actions and decisions on internalized principles and knowledge of right and wrong, good and bad

True or False: Professional codes of ethics provide guidance to nurses regarding their relationships with patients, colleagues, the profession and society.

True

Arrange the stages of the moral reckoning process in the correct order.

The steps of the moral reckoning process are stage of ease, stage of resolution, and stage of reflection.

True or False: The ethical principle of confidentiality is rooted in principles of privacy and dignity.

True