Module 3 Infection Control

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If someone leans over a sterile field what should you do?

Consider the field contaminated and restart it from scratch

Autoclave

Container used for steam sterilization

First thing after accident needlestick

Decontaminate with antiseptic

What is a pathogen?

Disease causing organisms in the form of virus, bacteria, fungi, or protozoa

What is a SDS?

Documents containing information regarding chemicals in the work environment

What should you use to sterilize medical equipment?

Dry heat, autoclave

What are biohazard bags made of?

Durable polyethylene

Examples of Surgical Asepsis

During changing of dressings, urinary catheter insertion

Standard precautions

Set of precautions that combines universal precautions with body substance isolation practices to reduce the transmission of pathogens in the clinical setting

What is the final step in the chain of infection?

Susceptible host

Exposure Control Plan

plan that outlines specific work practices to prevent exposure to infectious material and identifies step-by-step procedures to follow when exposures do occur

erythema

reddening of the skin

Sanitization

reduces microbes usually on inanimate surfaces

medical asepsis

reducing the number and transfer of pathogens as well as breaking the chain of infection; clean technique

What items go in sharps containers?

scalpels, needles, should be puncture proof and leak proof and be disposed once it is 2/3 full

bacterium

single-cell micro-organism that reproduces rapidly and causes many infections

sharps container

A puncture-proof container designed specifically to safely dispose of needles, scalpels, and other sharp disposable medical instruments

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A retrovirus that invades and inactivates helper T-cells of the immune system and is a cause of AIDS and AIDS-related complex

What is a reservoir?

An environment conducive to pathogen survival

What is a fomite?

Any nonliving object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms Ex. Catheter, hemostats

What are vectors?

Carrier (animal or insect) that can transmit disease

How long should you rub your hands together when washing them?

20 seconds

What percentage of Alcohol is needed for a proper hand sanitizer?

60%

What should you do after accidental fluid exposure?

Flush with large amounts of water

What are the 4 important criteria of sharps containers?

Functionality, Accessibility, Visibility, Accommodation

PPE for positioning a patient with c. diff

Gloves and gown

What materials are placed in biohazard bags?

Gloves, gauze, bandages

What is the most important bloodborne immunization for healthcare workers?

HBV

What does the biohazard symbol look like and where do you find it?

In between patient rooms, red,

PPE for measuring a patient with varicella

Mask and gown

PPE for patient with influenza

Mask, gown

Bloodborne pathogen standard

OSHA standard that identifies sharps as any item that can easily break skin and therefore potentially transmit disease

When should you use chemical disinfectants?

On medical supplies and equipment

What are some common portals of entry?

Open wounds, mouth, nose, eye, intestines, urinary tract, reproductive system

What is contained on a Safety Data Sheet?

Product identification, hazards, composition, first aid, fire fighting, handling, exposure, physical properties, stability, toxicological information

Disinfection

Reduces spread of infection by limiting microbial activity

What causes the heat and erythema?

The dilation of blood vessels so that WBC's can form a capsule around the infected sites

What details should you record after an incident?

Time, date, how, and what type of equipment caused the cut

What is the job of medical professionals in the chain of infection?

To break it at any step

How should you recap a needle?

Using the one handed scoop method using the needle itself to pick up the cap

Examples of Medical Asepsis

Washing hands, cleaning surfaces, disposing of used supplies

What is the most effective way of breaking the chain of infection?

Washing your hands

According to the CDC when should you wash your hands?

When entering or leaving work areas, after any contact with bodily fluid, and before and after patient procedures, eating, and using the restroom

What is Septicimia?

When the bacterial infection enters the blood stream

When should you not use hand sanitizer?

When there is visible debris on your hands or if they are soiled

When should you use eye protection?

Whenever infectious material is present

surgical asepsis

complete removal of microorganisms and their spores from the surface of an object

edema

excessive fluid in the body tissues

PPE for changing a dressing

gloves, goggles, gown

immunocompromised

having an impaired immune system, usually as a result of disease, medication therapy, or surgery


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