Module 3
Bandura described specific steps in the process of modeling that must be followed if learning is to be successful:
attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation
In social learning theory, Albert Bandura (1977) agrees with the behaviorist learning theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning. However, he adds two important ideas:
1. Mediating processes occur between stimuli & responses. 2. Behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.
Reciprocal Causation Model
According to Bandura, reciprocal causation model is the interactions between behaviors, personal factors, and the environment
The individual needs to pay attention to the behavior and its consequences and form a mental representation of the behavior. For a behavior to be imitated, it has to grab our _____________.
Attention (1 of the 4 meditational processes proposed by Bandura)
TRUE or FALSE
Bandura expanded beyond behaviorism and coined the term social learning theory
There is some thought prior to imitation, and this consideration is called _________________ processes. This occurs between observing the behavior (stimulus) and imitating it or not (response)
Mediational processes (Bandura)
The will to perform the behavior. The rewards and punishment that follow a behavior will be considered by the observer. If the perceived rewards outweigh the perceived costs (if there are any), then the behavior will be more likely to be imitated by the observer. If the vicarious reinforcement is not seen to be important enough to the observer, then they will not imitate the behavior.
Motivation (1 of the 4 meditational processes proposed by Bandura)
This is the ability to perform the behavior that the model has just demonstrated. We see much behavior on a daily basis that we would like to be able to imitate but that this not always possible. We are limited by our physical ability and for that reason, even if we wish to reproduce the behavior, we cannot.
Reproduction (1 of the 4 meditational processes proposed by Bandura)
How well the behavior is remembered. The behavior may be noticed but is it not always remembered which obviously prevents imitation is known as
Retention (1 of the 4 meditational processes proposed by Bandura)
Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. Social learning considers how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior.
Social learning theory
TRUE or FALSE: Bandura modified his theory and in 1986 renamed his Social Learning Theory, Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), as a better description of how we learn from our social experiences.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Social learning theory is not a full explanation for all behavior. This is particularly the case when there is no apparent role model in the person's life to imitate for a given behavior.
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: Social Learning Theory (SLT) is often described as the 'bridge' between traditional learning theory (i.e., behaviorism) and the cognitive approach. This is because it focuses on how mental (cognitive) factors are involved in learning.
TRUE (Bandura)
Bandura identified three kinds of models:
live, verbal, and symbolic
A __________model demonstrates a behavior in person, as when Ben stood up on his surfboard so that Julian could see how he did it. A _____________instructional model does not perform the behavior, but instead explains or describes the behavior, as when a soccer coach tells his young players to kick the ball with the side of the foot, not with the toe. A ____________model can be fictional characters or real people who demonstrate behaviors in books, movies, television shows, video games, or Internet sources
live; verbal; symbolic