Module 4: Computer Systems

bootstrap program

a built-in startup program that executes a series of tests to check components, including their RAM, keyboard, and storage, and identifies connected devices and checks their settings

file specification

a combination of the drive letter, subdirectory, file name, and extension that identifies a file

native file format

a file format that is unique to a program or group of programs and has a unique file extension

cache

a holding area where your browser keeps a copy of each webpage you view. This temporary storage area helps speed up processing time

directory

a list of field contained on a computer storage device

subdirectory

a root directory can be subdivided into smaller lists

file naming conventions

a set of rules,established by the operating system that must be followed to create a valid file name

cloud

a storage place on the internet, rather then your computer

buffer

an area of memory that stores data and information waiting to be sent to an input or output device

When you convert a DOC file into HTML format, the resulting file is virtually indistinguishable from the original. True of False?

false

The root directory is the main list of _______. A. files that have not yet been saved to disk B. recently deleted files and folders C. files and folders on the drive D. files and folders within a subdirectory

files and folders on the drive

button

icons you click to execute commands you need to work with an office app

disk partition

is a section of a hard disk drive that is treated as a separate storage unit

file header

is a section of data at the beginning of a file that contains information about a file

file extension

is an optional file identifier that is separated from the main file name

root directory

is the main directory

reserve words

special words used as commands in some operating systems that may not be used in file names

What does C: mean

the main hard disk drive is referred to as drive c

folder

the subdirectories or sub visions of a directory that can contain files or other folders

boot process

triggers a series of steps and checks as the computer loads the operating system

The Windows 10 Snap feature lets you quickly maximize a window's height. Yes No

yes

input

Any data and instructions entered into the memory of a device.

gigabytes (GB)

Approximately 1 billion bytes of data.

Which method rearranges all open windows in Microsoft Windows? A. clicking a window's title bar, and then clicking the Minimize button B. right-clicking the taskbar, and then clicking Cascade windows C. clicking the taskbar, and then clicking the active window D. pointing to a corner of the desktop

B

Uninstaller utility software removes __________________. Select all that apply. A. temporary files B. programs C. applications D. offline web pages

B;C

iOS

Mobile device operating system that runs only on Apple devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod; derived from macOS

Which of the following include only elements of a computer system? Select all that apply.

Network cables. CPU. OS. Incorrect answers: Printer Ink.

Which of the following statements describes why network protocols are necessary?

Network protocols are necessary for computers to communicate with each other. (Without protocols, computers would not speak the same computer language and would be unable to communicate.) Incorrect answers: Network protocols are necessary for a home computer that is not connected to the internet or any other device. Network protocols prevent computer hacking. Network protocols are required by international laws.

To open a saved file, you must first open the app used to create the file. Yes No

No

What happens to the contents of a file if you change its file name extension?

Nothing happens

Maximize button

On the right side of a window's title bar, the center button of three buttons; used to expand a window so that it fills the entire screen.

Which of the following is/are true of the IPOS cycle?

Once words, numbers or images are entered, a computer processes the data into useable information that can then be accessed to answer questions or meet specific needs. Incorrect answers: As long as the data is entered correctly, there is no need to store it. The reason for storage is to be able to prove what has been entered. The steps of the IPOS cycle can occur in any order. If there will be no future need for certain information, a user can go straight from the input stage to the output stage without going through the processing and storage stages.

Android

Operating System developed by Google based on Linux, and designed to be run on many types of smartphones

disk cleanup utility

Program that finds and removes unnecessary files, such as temporary Internet files or files in the Recycle Bin, and frees up disk space by reorganizing data

macOS Server

Server operating system that supports all sizes of networks and servers; lets authorized users access servers using their iPhones or other Apple devices

default settings

Standard settings that control how the screen is set up and how a document looks when you first start typing

kernel

The core of an operating system; memory, runs programs, and assigns resources

Which statements about the history of computer development are correct? Select all that apply.

The development of new hardware and software requires special training. The capabilities and complexities of computers have grown substantially, but the ease of use has also made them user-friendly. The following are examples of Graphical User Interface systems: GPS systems, ATM machines, and tablets and smartphones. Incorrect answers: To effectively use computer systems today, you need to participate in advanced training.

macOS

The operating system for Apple desktop and laptop computers; includes the Siri virtual assistant, coordination with Apple mobile devices, and cloud file storage

file format

The organization and layout of data in a file

active window

The window you are currently using; if multiple windows are open, the window with the darker title bar.

kilobytes (KB)

Thousands of bytes of data

Linux

UNIX-based operating system for desktop computers, laptops, and some tablets; distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others, or to sell

Which of the following would NOT be considered hardware?

Word processor. (A word processor is a software program to enter data and is not part of a computer's hardware.) Incorrect answers: Keyboard. Monitor. Central processing unit.

Chrome OS

a Linux-based operating system designed to work primarily with web apps

Which of the following is an example of a computer system resource? Select all that apply. A. CPU B. hard disk drive C. laser printer D. website

A;B;C

You can place file and app icons on the desktop in which of the following operating systems? Select all that apply. A. Microsoft Windows B. macOS C. Linux D. Chrome OS

A;B;C

File compression is useful for _____. Select all that apply. A. emailing a large file B. reducing the size of an image C. creating an archive of older documents D. saving storage space on a drive

A;C;D

.bmp, .docx, .exe, and .mov are example of file

extensions

NOTE: In Windows XP, if a program or application is not automatically installed when the disc is inserted, you can use the Add or Remove Programs utility to install the application. Click the Add New Programs button and select the location where the application is located.

123

is there a maximum length for file names

255

A data file is one that _____. A. a user can work with or manipulate B. instructs a computer to perform a task C. is not saved to a specific location D. contains a program or an app

A

The two categories of system software are _______. A. utilities and operating systems B. development tools and device drivers C. vertical market and horizontal market D. desktop and mobile

A

You can run multiple operating systems on one computer using ____ machines. A. virtual B. parallel C. distributed D. augmented

A

folder window

A File Explorer window that displays the contents of a folder, drive, or device.

file

A collection of information stored on your computer, such as a text document, spreadsheet, photo, and song.

graphical user interface (GUI)

A collective term for all the ways you interact with the device; a GUI controls how you interact with menus, programs and apps, and visual images such as icons by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands

Which of the following is an accurate definition of a computer system?

A computer system is a collection of hardware and software components that work together to meet the needs of the user. Incorrect answers: A computer system consists of the operating system that tells the computer how to execute commands. A computer system is hardware devices that work together. A computer system is a network that allows computers, tablets, smartphones, etc. to connect to the internet.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the software in a computer system? Select all that apply.

A computer system needs software to be able to communicate with users as well as other computers. The software in a computer system may be shared if the system is a part of a network. Software must be part of the computer system in order for the system to be useful. Incorrect answers: The only software that is necessary in a computer system is the device drivers that enavle the peripheral devices to communicate with the CPU.

folder

A named location on a storage medium that usually contains related documents.

icon

A small picture that represents a program, file, or hardware device

Clipboard

A temporary storage area for items that are cut or copied

file extension

A three- or four-letter sequence, preceded by a period, at the end of a filename that identifies the file as a particular type of document, such as .docx or .xlsx.

flash memory

A type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten

Dialog boxs

A window with controls that lets you tell Windows how you want to complete an application program's command.

To close a window in Windows 10, you can _____. Select all that apply. A. right-click its button on the taskbar, then click Close window B. click the Close button in the upper-right corner of the window C. click the Close button in the window's thumbnail on the taskbar D. click the Start button and click the program name or icon

A. right-click its button on the taskbar, then click Close window B. click the Close button in the upper-right corner of the window C. click the Close button in the window's thumbnail on the taskbar

How have computer users changed over the last 75 years?

Almost anyone can be a computer user today whereas in the past only computer scientists and those with specialized training used computers. (Users have progressed almost as much as the technology. As technology has become easier to use, it has allowed almost anyone to be able to use it.) Incorrect answers: Computer users today have less interaction with computers because they are unaware of when they may be using them. Computer users have not progressed much over the years. There are still very few specialists that can interact effectively with a computer. Computer users interacted more with the technology previously because the had more specialized training.

desktop operating system

An operating system installed on a single computer

desktop

An operating system screen that contains icons for programs and files, as well as toolbars, taskbars, menus, and buttons you can use to start programs and apps

How are desktop and mobile operating systems similar? A. Both are designed to work both on desktops and laptops, as well as smartphones and tablets. B. Both feature a graphical user interface (GUI). C. Both are optimized to work with limited memory and processing power. D. Both are optimized to work with limited battery life and feature touchscreen GUIs.

Both feature a graphical user interface (GUI).

Which of the following statements describe why businesses use networks? Select all that apply.

Businesses use networks for customer support. Businesses use networks for data sharing. Businesses use networks to reduce costs. Incorrect answers: Businesses use networks for increased security.

A disk utility is a tool for _____. A. installing a modem B. browsing the web C. improving performance D. analyzing numeric data

C

A virtual machine is defined as a(n) _____. A. request for a computer system B. 3-D reproduction of a computer system C. emulation of a computer system D. graphical image of a computer system

C

In a filename, the base name is the _____. A. combined contents of the file B. file extension assigned by the app C. label the user assigns D. description the app adds when saving

C

________ allows the OS to manage multiple print jobs. A. Defragmenting B. Buffering C. Spooling D. Central processing

C

Control panel

Collection of utility programs that determines how Windows appears and performs on your computer

Select the statement that best describes the difference between software and hardware.

Computer software is developed by writing a program using programming language whereas computer hardware is the physical components such as memory modules and disk drives. (Software is intangible whereas computer hardware is tangible.) Incorrect answers: Computer programming language instructions can be very broad and general whereas computer hardware specifications must be very specific. Computer software consists of applications such as word processing and spreadsheet programs whereas computer hardware includes the operating system. Computer software consists of drivers and their associated devices whereas computer hardware includes only internal system devices.

executable file

Contains the instructions your computer or device needs to run programs and apps

Which answer most accurately describes the timeline of computer development?

First, computers built and programmed by engineers. Next, limited use of computers by large organizations. Next, introduction of personal computers. Lastly, Graphical User Interface systems are introduced. Incorrect answers: First, limited use of computers by large organizations. Next, computers built and programmed by engineers. Next, introduction of personal computers. Lastly, Graphical User Interface systems are introduced. First, computers built and programmed by engineers. Next, Graphical User Interface systems are introduced. Next, limited use of computers by large organizations. Lastly, introduction of personal computers. First, Graphical User Interface systems are introduced. Next, limited use of computers by large organizations. Next, computers built and programmed by engineers. Lastly, introduction of the personal computer.

Uninstalling or Changing a Program

If an application is not uninstalled properly, you might be leaving files on the hard drive and unnecessary settings in the registry, which depletes the hard drive space and system resources. Unnecessary files might also reduce the speed at which the registry is read. Microsoft recommends that you always use the Programs and Features utility, as shown in the figure, when removing, changing, or repairing applications. The utility guides you through the software removal process and removes every file that was installed. In some instances, you can install or uninstall optional features of an application using the Programs and Features utility. Not all programs offer this option. To open the Programs and Features utility in Windows 7 and Windows Vista, use the following path: Start > Control Panel > Programs and Features In Windows XP, use the following path: Start > Control Panel > Add or Remove Programs

data file

In Computer Concepts, a file that contains words, numbers and pictures that you can manipulate. A spreadsheet, a database, a presentation, and a word processing document all are data files

Adding an Application

In Windows 7 and Windows Vista, insert the CD or DVD or open the downloaded program file. The program installer should start. If it does not start, run the setup or install file on the disc to begin installation or download the program again. After the application is installed, you can start the application from the Start Menu or the shortcut icon that the application installs on the desktop. Check the application to ensure that it is functioning properly. If there are problems, repair or uninstall the application using the Uninstall or Change a Program utility. Some applications, such as Microsoft Office, provide a repair option in the install process. You can use this function to try to correct a program that is not working properly.

library

In Windows, a special folder that catalogs specific files and folders in a central location, regardless of where the items are actually stored on your device.

Close button

In a windows title bar, the rightmost button; close the open window, app, or document

keyboard

Input device that contains not only characters such as letters, numbers, and punctuation, but also keys that can issue commands.

What does the acronym IPOS stand for?

Input, process, output, storage. (Input, process, output, and storage (IPOS) represent the different tasks of computers.) Incorrect answers: Identify, post, optimize, storage. Identify, process, outcome, summary. Input, prepare, overview, save.

suppose your friend sends you a file with an .ods extension. you can probably open it with what?

LibreOffice

Which of the following would NOT require the use of a network?

Loading a statistical program on your personal computer. (You would not need a computer network to complete this activity.) Incorrect answers: Computers in an office sharing the same printer. Gourmet chocolate being sold on the internet. Schools turning in attendance files to the district office.

Read the following scenario and determine the best hardware or software solution for the situation. Teachers in the Lincoln County School District are complaining about the speed of the internet in their classrooms. Marcus, the IT Coordinator, has a limited amount of money to spend to address the issue. Select the option below that uses hardware or software to help solve the problem.

Marcus determines the school's routers that transmit information from the internet across the district are slow and outdated, so he will use the money to replace them. (Marcus determines he has a hardware issue and, by replacing the network hardware, he should solve the problem.) Incorrect answers: Marcus plans on buying each school a new monitor to replace the older models. Marcus plans to hire a part-time trainer to help the teachers with surfing the internet. Marcus uses the funding to purchase new software games that require less memory.

A software application automatically stores files in its ****** file format unless you specify otherwise.

native, default

A file saved in a standard file format can only be opened by the application that created it. Yes No

no

Clicking the Save button always saves a file to the hard drive. Yes No

no

In order to support file sharing, your PC must run a network operating system. Yes No

no

Navigating folders involves deleting and moving them. Yes No

no

is a file extension the same as a file format?

no

A disk ****** is a section of a HD drive that is treated as a separate storage unit.

partition

closed source

programs that keep all or some of the code hidden, enabling them to control and profit from the program they create

administrator account

provides full access to the computer; additional responsibilities associated with an administrator account include installing programs and apps, adjusting security, and managing network access

File format

refers to the organization and layout of data that is stored in a file

When using Windows, you cannot use a(n) ***** word, suck as Aux, as a file name.

reserved