Module 40: Basic Concepts of Psychological Disorders

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2015 was:

1.0

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from schizophrenia in 2015 was:

1.1

Approximately 1 in _____ Americans reports having experienced a depressive or bipolar disorder in the past year.

10

The symptoms of phobias begin to appear at a median age of about:

10

The symptoms of major depression begin to appear at a median age of about:

25

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from generalized anxiety in 2015 was about:

3.1

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder in 2015 was:

3.5

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2015 was:

4.1

In the United States, there are about _____ suicides annually.

40,000

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health estimates that about 1 in _____ adult Americans suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

5

The risk of suicide is _____ times greater for those who have been depressed than for those who have not.

5

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from social anxiety disorder in 2015 was:

6.8

The symptoms of antisocial personality disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

8

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2015 was:

8.7

Approximately _____ percent of Americans have experienced a phobia of a specific object or situation in the past year.

9

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a mood disorder in 2015 was:

9.3

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system MOST often used in the United States, she should read the _____.

DSM-5

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5

_____ Americans believe that increased mental health spending will reduce gun violence. Evidence reviewed in the textbook suggests that this belief is _____.

Most; contradicted

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the lowest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

Shanghai

Lynette is released after a four-week stay at a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she cannot afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, how should she describe herself?

She should not tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled mentally ill

Which phrase BEST expresses the proportion of adult Americans who experience a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year?

a substantial minority

Jared is 8 years old. He is beginning to show some unusual, even disturbed behaviors. Based on this information alone, Jared may be starting to show signs of:

antisocial personality disorder

Which sequence correctly orders psychological disorders from earliest to latest age of onset?

antisocial personality disorder → phobic disorder → obsessive-compulsive disorder

The risk of suicide is greatest for those diagnosed with depression when they:

begin to rebound and become capable of following through with their plans

Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a _____ model.

biopsychosocial

Dr. Phelps believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Phelps believes in a _____ model.

biopsychosocial

The demographic landscape of cocaine use disorder was dramatically different in the early twentieth century than it is today. Then, cocaine was a legal stimulant contained in a variety of remedies, tonics, and other consumer products. Cocaine use disorder was seen most often in upper-middle-class women. The influence of cocaine's legal status on its disordered use is most consistent with the _____ model of psychological disorders.

biopsychosocial

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms not only of biology but also of personal histories and cultural surroundings is MOST clearly provided by the:

biopsychosocial approach

How the interaction between our biology, our psychology, and our social-cultural environments influences our thoughts, behaviors, and emotions is the focus of the:

biopsychosocial approach

A clinician considering how a diagnostic label might be applied MOST appropriately is asking a question concerning the _____ of a psychological disorder.

classification

Regardless of race or ethnicity, improvements in socioeconomic status improve children's outcomes by:

decreasing deviant and aggressive behavior

In any given year, the MOST common type of psychological disorder in the United States is:

depressive or bipolar disorder

Until 1973, _____ was/were considered dysfunctional and distressing by many mental health workers.

homosexuality

The phenomenon known as the _____ refers to the fact that migrants to the United States from other nations have better mental health than do people with the same ethnic heritage born in the United States.

immigrant paradox

This disorder was once referred to as mental retardation.

intellectual disability

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality:

is not classified as an illness

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. They are concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new drug. Their perspective is most in line with the _____ model.

medical

According to the _____ model, mental illness needs to be cured through therapy.

medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The _____ model assumes that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.

medical

Philippe Pinel advocated treating psychological disorders through _____ treatment; that is, through unchaining patients and talking to them.

moral

Thirty-seven-year-old Steven is a single male who has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last week and a half and has begun taking an antidepressant. He is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and does not want to face another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven is _____ likely to attempt suicide _____.

more; because his energy and initiative are rebounding

Cutting and burning the skin, inserting things under the nails or skin, and self-administering tattoos are all forms of:

nonsuicidal self-injury

Eight-year-old Jack has severe temper tantrums at times and experiences irritability. He has been diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. One of the significant negative outcomes of labeling Jack is that:

people may view Jack differently because of the label

Based on information presented in the textbook, the DSM-5 diagnosis of _____ disorder is fairly reliable.

posttraumatic stress

The significant difference between suicidal behavior and self-injury is:

self-injury is an attempt at coping

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:

taijin-kyofusho

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered

the result of demon possession

Criticisms of the DSM-5 suggest that, if Rosenhan's study were replicated today:

the results would be much the same

One potential fear of the new classification of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is that it will:

turn a normal temper tantrum into a mental disorder

The relationship between mental illness and violence is BEST described as:

weak or nonexistent

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is found in the:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders, Fifth Edition

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian MOST clearly exhibits symptoms of:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

In a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels, researchers went to hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" saying empty, hollow, and thud. This was the only complaint they reported and they displayed no other symptoms. They were admitted and released an average of _____ days later.

19

The symptoms of alcohol use disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

The symptoms of bipolar disorder begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

The symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about:

20

Helena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Helena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

meidcal