Module 49

epigenetics

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

young males.

According to the text, the mass-killing shooters have which of the following in common.

11; 4

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder plagues some ___ percent of children and the appearance of the disorder occurs from ages ____ to 17.

the immigrant paradox.

Compared with people who have recently immigrated from Mexico, Mexican-Americans born in the United States are at greater risk of mental disorder—a phenomenon known as:

both a common language for labeling psychological disorders and comprehensive guidelines for diagnosing them.

DSM-5 provides mental health professionals with:

a psychological disorder

In _____________, a person exhibits persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions.

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Shanghai

A large-scale World Health Organization (2004) study—based on 90-minute interviews of 60,463 people—estimated the number of prior-year mental disorders in 20 countries. Which country had the lowest rate of diagnosed psychological disorders?

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases like "passive type" or "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrates the:

c. hoarding disorder

All of the following are no longer diagnostic labels in DSM-5 EXCEPT: a. Asperger syndrome b. autism c. hoarding disorder d. mental retardation

a biopsychosocial approach.

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:

a biopsychosocial approach.

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for:

medical model.

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the:

diagnosed as mentally ill and the causes of their disorders were "discovered."

David Rosenhan and colleagues conducted a study examining the biasing power of diagnostic labels. They went to psychiatric hospital admissions offices and complained of "hearing voices" that said the words "empty," "hollow," and "thud." This was the only complaint they reported and they displayed no other symptoms. They were all:

c. All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder.

Naima washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is afraid of the germs that seem to be everywhere. Rana washes her hands about 50 times a day because she is a nurse practitioner and she knows that it is an important part of her job. Why is Naima's hand washing considered part of a psychological disorder, while Rana's is not? a. The behavior is deviant for someone whose work does not demand it. b. The behavior is dysfunctional for Naima. c. All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. d. The behavior causes Naima distress.

maladaptive

Nicole refuses to leave her house because she is fearful of being exposed to germs. Nicole's behavior is _____ because it interferes with normal day-to-day life.

4

The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health has estimated that just over 1 in _____ adult Americans "suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year."

substance abuse

What is the most likely trigger for the few people with psychological disorders who do commit violent acts?

a. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Which of the following is a new diagnostic label in DSM-5? a. disruptive mood dysregulation disorder b. posttraumatic stress disorder c. ADHD d. Asperger syndrome

b. obsessive-compulsive disorder

Which of the following is the lowest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008? a. generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. schizophrenia d. posttraumatic stress disorder

b. Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder.

Which of the following statements about people with psychological disorders is TRUE? a. People with psychological disorders are the least stigmatized group in modern society. b. Multiple studies have found that people with a major mental illness are less violent than those without a psychological disorder. c. In much of the popular media, people with psychological disorders are portrayed in positive, but stereotyped ways, such as being creative geniuses or artistic prodigies. d. Research has shown that even people with mild psychological disorders tend to be dangerous and prone to violence.

b. People with disorders are more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Those with psychological disorders are more likely to be violent toward others. b. People with disorders are more likely to be victims than perpetrators of violence. c. Those who have a psychological disorder are more likely to be violent if the disorder is triggered by substance abuse. d. Restricting gun ownership for those with psychological disorders will greatly reduce gun violence.

depressive disorders

Which of the following was the highest reported psychological disorder in the United States in 2008?

psychological disorder

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior

DSM-5

the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

medical model

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital