Module 5

Which of the following is the process of collecting sample data to make estimates of or draw conclusions about one or more characteristics of a population?

statistical inference

A measure of variation, that is based on the two extreme values and may reflect an extreme measurement that is not entirely representative of the data set's variation, is easy to understand and compute through the sample ___________.

variance

Often uncertain, which of these refers to the difference in a variable measured over observations?

variation

A vertical or horizontal arrangement of individual charts of the same type, size, scale, and formatting that differ only by the data they display is a _______________.

trellis display

Which of these displays the frequency of each class with qualitative data?

bar chart

Created for a categorical variable or a quantitative variable, what part of a variable describes observed values and how often they appear in the data being analyzed?

frequency distribution

Which of these charts displays the frequency of each class with quantitative data?

histogram

In order to summarize a categorical variable, what is the only meaningful measure of central location?

mode

Which of the following best describes the value in the middle when the data are arranged in ascending order (smallest to largest value) and is also a measure of central location?

median

When plots on a scatter chart are in a linear path and both x and y increase, what type of relationship is shown?

positive linear

Which of the following is considered to be the difference between the minimum and maximum observation of a variable?

range

A frequency distribution can be created for _________________.

both categorical and quantitative

Which of the following is developed from the quartiles of a set of values and is a graphical summary of the distribution of data?

box and whisker plot

When the majority of data lie to the right side of the distribution and the tail of the smaller number of measurements extends to the left, the graph is considered to be _______________.

skew left

Which of the following best describes the value that occurs most frequently in a data set?

mode

When comparing multiple distributions of a data set, especially for shape comparisons of multiple distributions, an arrangement of individual visualizations in which of the following can be helpful?

trellis display

Generally, it is not feasible to collect data from the population of all elements of interest, so data are collected from a subset of the population instead, which is known as a _________________.

sample

When the majority of data lie to the left side of the distribution and the tail of the smaller number of measurements extends to the right, the graph is considered to be _______________.

skew right

When the left trail of a chart mirrors the shape of the right trail, the chart is considered to be _________________.

symmetrical

Which of the following statements best describes a histogram?

A histogram divides quantitative measurements into classes and graphs the frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency for each class.

When comparing multiple distributions, particularly for quantitative variables, which of the following is the most useful visualization tool?

Frequency polygon

Which of these is a column chart with no spaces between the columns whose height represents the frequency of the corresponding bins?

histogram

When points in a scatter chart are clustered along a line with a downward slope, what type of relationship is shown?

negative linear

A chart that display a small set of values in a manner that shows the individual values, is called a _________________.

strip chart

Which of the following would be a useful visualization to display a small set of values in a manner that shows the individual values?

strip chart