Module 5 Introduction to Construction Drawings

Dimension Lines

A line which represents distance.

Plan View

Any drawing made looking down on an object is often called a plan view.

Mechanical Plans

Are engineered plans for motors, pumps, piping systems, and piping equipment. These plans include general notes containing specifications ranging from what the contractor is to provide to how the contractor determines the location of grilles and registers.

HVAC Plan (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)

Is a seperate set of plans for heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Piping system plans for gas, oil, or steam heat may be included in the HVAC plan. The HVAC plan is included in the mechanical plans. It shows shows specific requirements and elements for that system, including a floor, a reflected ceiling, or a roof. HVAC drawings include an electrical schematic that shows the electrical circuitry for the HVAC system. HVAC plans are both mechanical and electrical drawings in one plan.

Roof Plan

Is a view of the roof from above the building. It shows the shape of the roof and the materials that will be used to finish it.

Plumbing Isometric Drawing

It is a type of three-dimensional drawing that depicts the plumbing system.

Title block

contains revision blocks, company logo, sheet title, date, drawn by, drawing number, scale.

Structural Plans

Are a set of engineered drawings used to support the architectural design. The structural plans include: general notes, foundational plans, roof framing plans, and structural section drawing. These plans show the materials to be used for the walls, whether concrete or masonry, and whether the framing is wood or steel.

Piping And Instrumentation Drawings (P&IDs)

Are schematic diagrams of a complete piping system that show the process flow. They also show all the equipment, pipelines, valves, instruments, and controls needed to operate the system. P&IDs are not drawn to scale because they are meant only to give representation, or a general idea, of the work to be done. They also do not indicate north, south, east and west directions.

Door And Window Schedules

Are tables that list the sizes and other information about the various types of doors and windows used in the project.

Elevation (EL)

Elevation drawings are side views that show height. On a building drawing there are standard names for different elevations. Example: the side of the building that faces south is called the south elevation. Exterior elevations show the size of the building; the style of the building; and the placement of doors, windows, chimneys, and decorative trim.

Electrical Plans

Engineered drawings that show electrical supply and distribution. These plans may appear on the floor plan itself for simple construction projects. Electrical plans include locations of the electric meter, distribution panel, switchgear, convenience outlets, and special outlets. For more complex projects, the information may be on a seperate plan added to the set of plans. This separate plan leaves out construction related details and shows just the electrical layout. Can include lighting plans, power plans, and panel schedules.

Detail Drawings

More detail is shown in these drawings which are enlarged views of some special features of a building, such as floors and walls. They are enlarged to make the details clearer. Often the detail drawings are placed on the same sheet where the feature appears in the plan, but sometimes they are placed on seperate sheets and referred to by a number on the plan view.

Section Drawings

Show how the structure is to be built. Section drawings are cross-sectional views that show the inside of an object or building. It shows what construction materials to use and how the parts of the object or building fit together. They normally show more details then plan views

Lighting Plan

Show the location of lights and receptacles.

Structural Floor Plan

Shows a wood or metal joist framing and the underlayment of each floor of the structure.

Landscape Plan

Shows any trees on the property; construction features such as walkways, driveways,or utilities; the dimensions of the property; and possibly a legal description of the property.

Foundational Plans

Shows the lowest level of the building, including concrete, footings, slabs, and foundation walls. It also might show steel grinders, columns, or beams, as well as detail drawings to show where and how the foundation must be reinforced. Column and spread footing schedules, and foundation notes may be included in the plan.

Roof Framing Plans

Shows what kind of ceiling joists and roof rafters are to be used and where trusses are to be. Notes for the framing plan are usually found on the same sheet as the drawing.

Contour Lines

The natural contours of the earth shown on a blueprint

General Notes for Electrical Plans.

These cover items ranging from main transformers to the coordination of underground penetrations onto the building.

Structural Section Drawings

They are similar to the architectural section drawings but show only the structural requirements. Miscellaneous structural details may also be shown in these sections to provide a better understanding of such things as connections and attachments of accessories.

General Notes

these notes give details of the materials to be used and the requirements to be followed in order to build the structure that the architectural plan depicts. The notes might specify the type and strength of concrete required for the foundation, the loads that the roof and stairs must be built to accommodate, and codes that contractors must follow. The notes might be on a seperate general notes sheet or it might be a part of the individual plans sheet.

Architectural Plans

Also called architectural drawing's. They show the design of the project. Some parts of the architectural plans are: floor plan, roof plan, elevation, section drawings, and the finish schedules of the doors and windows for the building.

Civil Plans

Also called site plans, survey plans, or plot plans. Show the location of a building on the site from an aerial view. Civil plans also shows the natural contours of the earth. These plans can include landscape plan.

Floor Plan

Also known as a plan view. The plan is an aerial view of the layout of each room. It provides the most information about the project. It shows exterior and interior walls, doors, stairways, and mechanical equipment. The floor plan shows the floor as someone would see it from above if the upper part of the building was removed.

Plumbing Plans

Are engineered plans showing the layout for the plumbing system that supplies the hot and cold water, for the sewage disposal system, and for the location of plumbing fixtures. For commercial projects, each system may be on a seperate plan. A plumbing isometric drawing is part of the plumbing plan.

Mechanical Legend

Defines the symbols used on the mechanical plans.