Module 6 ~ Proteins

What happens when a person's protein intake is inadequate?

Compounds that are critical for survival will not be synthesized

If a weight lifter consumes protein drinks beyond her protein and caloric needs, what will happen to the extra protein?

Excess amino acids will be deaminated and the keto acid fragments will be converted into fatty acids.

What happens when the albumin in the blood gets too low?

Fluid retention occurs in the extremities.

The _____ converts ammonia to the less toxic substance urea.

Liver

Wheat does not contain enough lysine for protein synthesis. Therefore, wheat is:

an incomplete protein.

mRNA carries information (or messages) into the ____, where protein synthesis occurs.

cytoplasm

Amino acids that the body cannot produce and, therefore, must be obtained from foods are _____ amino acids.

essential

Edema is swelling caused by excess _____ trapped in body tissues

fluid

Which food group provides the least protein?

fruits

The concept of complementary proteins means that you should select proteins that:

have different limiting amino acids

Proteins called ______ are chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream and have a regulatory function.

hormones

In the stomach, protein is denatured and digested by:

hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

All of the following would be likely to increase urea production EXCEPT:

initiation of a weight-lifting program.

Which substance is NOT involved in protein digestion?

salivary amylase

All of the following are consistent with kwashiorkor EXCEPT:

severe calorie deficiency.

To prevent toxic buildup of ammonia in the body with high protein intake:

the liver converts ammonia to the less toxic urea.

All of the following are true of protein metabolism EXCEPT:

the majority of amino acids used for protein synthesis are supplied by the diet.

Which of the following plant foods are considered high-quality protein sources?

tofu and quinoa

What two steps are required for protein synthesis?

transcription and translation

The process of assembling amino acids into proteins is called:

translation

Which contributes high-quality protein with the lowest amount of saturated fat?

3 ounces of turkey breast

A man who weighs 176 lb and has the average intake of protein for men in the United States will consume about _____ grams more protein than his protein RDA.

36

Actin and myosin compose about what percentage of total body proteins?

50%

How many different amino acids must be supplied in our diet?

9

_____are proteins used by our immune system that are critical for our body's defense against viruses and bacteria.

Antibodies

What distinguishes protein from other macronutrients?

Protein contains nitrogen.

What would happen if the diet lacks an essential amino acid?

Protein synthesis is limited

Which statement about people experiencing protein deficiency is true?

They may experience changes in hair color and flaky skin.

_____ is the process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to produce a protein.

Translation

Which adult individual does not require a greater amount of protein than the RDA (0.8 g protein per kg of body weight per day)?

a sedentary middle-age individual

Before converting protein to glucose or fat, the _____ must be removed.

amino group

Proteins are synthesized by forming peptide bonds between one amino acid's _____ and another's _____.

amino group; acid group

Urea is synthesized in the:

liver

Which organ converts ammonia to urea to prevent the amino group accumulating as ammonia?

liver

In transcription, information from DNA is transferred to:

mRNA.

As proteins are being assembled, ribosomes read the sequence of the amino acids from:

messenger RNA.

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein?

nerve impulse transmission

A child suffering from protein malnutrition has a swollen belly appearance due to:

not eating enough protein for tissue fluid balance

Which combination provides an example of protein complementation?

peanut butter sandwich (peanut butter and bread)

Protein is synthesized by linking different amino acids together by _____ bonds into a chain.

peptide

The processes by which proteins are continuously broken down and resynthesized is known as:

protein turnover.