Module 7.2

When a neurotransmitter like GABA is acting in an inhibitory manner which of the following is likely a result of the GABA acting on the postsynaptic cell? Select one: a. hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane b. depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane c. opening of chemically gated sodium channels d. influx of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell

a. hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system? Select one: a. innervation of skeletal muscle b. innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract c. innervation of glands d. innervation of cardiac muscle

a. innervation of skeletal muscle

Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of neurotransmitters? Select one: a. nucleic acid b. biogenic amine c. neuropeptides d. amino acid

a. nucleic acid

Some K+ channels remain open, and Na+ channels rest. Select one: a. Threshold stimulus b. Hyperpolarization c. Depolarization d. Repolarization

b. Hyperpolarization

Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? Select one: a. senses changes in the environment b. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions c. responds to stimuli by gland secretion or muscle contraction Feedback

b. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________. Select one: a. both visceral and sensory b. both somatic and sensory c. interneurons (association neurons) d. motor e. parasympathetic

b. both somatic and sensory

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________. Select one: a. axon terminals b. nodes of Ranvier c. synaptic clefts d. myelin sheaths

b. nodes of Ranvier

Nerve impulses are sent to slow the heart's rate of contraction. The nerve fibers sending these signals will most likely belong to which division of the nervous system? Select one: a. sympathetic division b. parasympathetic division c. somatic nervous system d. sensory (afferent) division

b. parasympathetic division

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the ________. Select one: a. somatic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. cerebrum d. parasympathetic nervous system e. afferent nervous system

b. sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? Select one: a. They have extreme longevity. b. They conduct impulses. c. They are mitotic. d. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate.

c. They are mitotic.

Loss of function in the enzyme acetylcholine esterase would result in which of the following? Select one: a. inability to release acetylcholine b. stimulation of the production of acetylcholine c. inability to destroy and remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft d. amplify or enhance the effect of ACh

c. inability to destroy and remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear? Select one: a. somatic division b. sensory division c. sympathetic division d. parasympathetic division

c. sympathetic division

Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. Select one: a. large nerve fibers b. diphasic impulses c. the myelin sheath d. erratic transmission of nerve impulses

c. the myelin sheath

The neuron cannot respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong. Select one: a. Absolute refractory period b. Relative refractory period c. Repolarization d. Depolarization e. Action potential

a. Absolute refractory period

Voltage-gated Na+ channels open. Select one: a. Depolarization b. Repolarization c. Threshold stimulus d. Hyperpolarization

a. Depolarization

It is important for newly developed neurons to form synapses with other neurons. Which cells are most responsible for guiding the formation of these particular junctions? Select one: a. astrocytes b. Schwann cells c. satellite cells d. microglial cells

a. astrocytes

Collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called ________. Select one: a. ganglia b. nerves c. tracts d. nuclei

a. ganglia

The specific period during which potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron due to a change in membrane permeability. Select one: a. Action potential b. Relative refractory period c. Absolute refractory period d. Repolarization e. Depolarization

d. Repolarization

Which neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocyte

A stimulus traveling toward a synapse appears to open calcium ion channels at the presynaptic end, which in turn promotes fusion of synaptic vesicles to the axonal membrane. Select one: True False

true

The parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system. Select one: True False

true

The peripheral nervous system is divided into afferent and efferent divisions. Select one: True False

true

The depolarization phase of an action potential is punctuated by the closing of inactivation gates in the voltage gated sodium ion channels. All of the following are consequences of this inactivation except one. Choose the statement below that is not a consequence of the closing of inactivating gates. Select one: a. This stops the depolarization of the axon membrane. b. This limits the frequency of action potentials down the axon. c. This allows for the one way transmission of action potential down the axon. d. This allows for the efflux (diffusion out) of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell.

d. This allows for the efflux (diffusion out) of potassium ions, resulting in the repolarization of the cell.

The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly regulated for neurons to function properly. Which of the following cells is most responsible for this? Select one: a. oligodendrocytes b. Schwann cells c. satellite cells d. astrocytes

d. astrocytes

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron? Select one: a. Neurons are depolarizing and generating an action potential. b. Neurons are propagating the action potential. c. Neurons are restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pump. d. Neurons are repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell. e. Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.

e. Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system? Select one: a. sensory and motor b. sensory (afferent) nerves c. autonomic and sympathetic d. somatic and autonomic e. central and peripheral

e. central and peripheral