Module 9

T or F- In social cognitive theory, if a change in behavior is not seen, then learning has not occurred.

False

Which of the following is an important characteristic to be an effective imitator?

a. Production

Vicarious learning is _____.

a. observing the consequences of other people's behaviors and adjusting your own behavior accordingly

Which of the following is an example of a symbolic model?

b. A character on a TV show

Morgan is not able to complete her English homework because she was talking to her friend during today's English lesson. Morgan lacks what condition an imitator needs to meet?

b. Attention

Which best describes the imitator characteristics that increase the likelihood that they will learn from a model?

b. Attention, retention, production, and motivation

Which name is most closely associated with social cognitive theory?

b. Bandura

Which of the following was a result of Bandura's Bobo doll study for those participants who were exposed to an aggressive model compared to participants who were not exposed to an aggressive model?

c. They displayed more verbal and physical aggressive behaviors

Teachers can improve students' self-regulation through modeling and guiding exercises of ______.

c. learning strategies

Central to social cognitive theory is that learning _____.

c. occurs by observing others

Which of the following is an important characteristic to be an effective model?

d. Relevance

In addition to a model who is gender-appropriate, which set of characterists best describes the model characteristics that increase the likelihood that the model will be imitated?

d. Relevance, status, and competence

Which of the following concepts are most involved in the development of self-regulation?

d. Self-observation, self-judgment, and self-evaluation

Which best describes the response inhibition effect?

A behavior is imitated less frequently if a model has been punished for that behavior

T or F- One of the best ways to promote self-efficacy is for teachers to offer uncritical, positive feedback.

False

T or F- Teachers who help students set goals and reflect on their academic progress can improve their students' self-efficacy and learning ability.

True

T or F- The best model is one who has relevance to the learner, has high status, is gender-appropriate, and is viewed as competent in the behavior being demonstrated.

True

T or F-Self-regulation relies on a cyclical process of self-observation, self-judgment, and self-evaluation

True

Which of the following teacher activities best promotes self-efficacy?

a. Accurate and specific appraisals of a student's capabilities.

At Rosemont High School, the teachers in the mathematics department typically meet before the school year starts to coordinate lesson plans in attempts to facilitate congruent learning across classes. Which of the following is this a characteristic of?

a. Collective efficacy

What can teachers do to compensate for the limited availability of models for female and minority students in regards to increasing self-efficacy?

a. Exercise verbal persuasion and seek out successful models

13. A student's state of emotional arousal, observing the performance of others, and verbal persuasion

a. Past performance

Which of the following is a particularly useful teaching strategy that helps students retain information?

a. Retention

Which best describes self-regulation?

a. The ability to control one's emotions, cognitions, and behaviors by providing consequences for oneself.

Behavior, environment, and person are all aspects of which of the following concepts developed by Bandura?

a. The triadic reciprocal determinism model of causality.

It is most accurate to say that self-efficacy is an important cognitive process because it influences achievement and _____.

a. effort, persistence, and choice of behavior

Cole compares his performance to the goal he set for himself. This is best described as _____.

a. self-judgment

Sean does not want to pair with his friend Tyler for a group science project because Sean is afraid Tyler will not be able to contribute to the work due to his poor science grade. This best illustrates a lack of what model characteristic?

b. Competence

Which best illustrates vicarious reinforcement?

b. Jesus works faster when he sees that other students who get done early are allowed to play on a computer

Which of the following best illustrates poor self-regulation?

b. Megan does not plan well, so she has trouble getting parts of her research paper done, and when she does turn in work, she has not reviewed its quality to see if it meets the standard set by the teacher.

Which of the following teacher actions best promotes self-regulation?

b. Modeling of learning strategies and guiding their practice.

Of the many personal factors that contribute to learning in social cognitive theory, the two that are particularly highlighted in the module are _____.

b. self-efficacy and self-regulation

Which of the following would be considered the most relevant model to an adolescent girl who is learning how to sing?

c. Her peer who has won talent shows for her singing.

Which situation best illustrates the response disinhibition effect?

c. Li noticed other students cheated on math tests, but they were never punished, so he now cheats on math tests.

Cecilia understands how to overhand serve the volleyball as she has paid attention to her P.E. teacher's demonstration very closely. However, every time Cecilia tries to overhand serve the volleyball, it does not make it over the net. Cecilia lacks what condition an imitator needs to meet?

c. Production

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates observational learning?

c. Sarah knows that the milk goes in the fridge after seeing her parents put milk in the fridge after grocery shopping.

Which of the following is a particularly useful teaching strategy that helps students retain information?

c. Teaching the use of mnemonics

In each of these situations, learning by imitation does not occur. Which is best explained as being due to the model not having the characteristic of relevance?

c. Though there are several star basketball players at school, Chase is not interested in basketball, so he does not pay much attention to the basketball players

Xavier was afraid to enroll in chemistry, believing that he did not have the ability to succeed at it. Then, he saw his friends take the course, and they did well. The source of this new belief might best be labeled _____.

c. modeling

Which of the following best illustrates poor self-efficacy?

d. Alex has struggled with math in the past, so in his new math class he does not even try anymore

Stephanie asked her mom to show her how to apply make-up, even though her dad has been trained to do stage make-up for theater productions. This best illustrates which model characteristic?

d. Gender-appropriateness

Clark understood and knows how to complete his chemistry homework, but did not finish it by the deadline. Clark lacks what condition an imitator needs to meet?

d. Motivation

Which best describes collective efficacy?

d. The belief of success about a school system as a whole.

Which of the following is a characteristic of teachers who have high teacher efficacy?

d. They spend more time planning academic activities.