Modules 9 (Lessons 27-30)

___(1)___ listening occurs when you are interested in what the other person has to say, and you check with the speaker to make sure you understand the message correctly. ___(2)___ or ___(2)___ listening is when you are focused on sharing your own point of view. ___(3)___ listening is when you listen to someone but do not verify that you understand what someone is saying

1. Active 2. Competitive or combative 3. Passive

The communication process can be broken down into a series of eight essential components. Each of these eight components serves an integral function in the overall process. list them

1. Source 2. Message 3. Channel 4. Receiver 5. Feedback 6. Environment 7. Context 8. Interference

___(1)___ managers use their communication skills to conceptualize the objectives and core values of the organization. ___(2)___ managers translate the organizational expectations throughout the layers of the organization, and ___(3)___ managers communicate directly with employees using their technical communication skills

1. Top 2. Middle 3. Frontline

Match the term with the correct definition 1. Active Listening 2. Combative Listening 3. Passive Listening a) when someone listens but does not verify that they have understood what has been told b) when someone expresses interest in what the other person has to say c) when someone is focused on what they have to say

1. b 2. c 3. a

captures the attention of your audience (parts of a message)

Attention Statement

refers to the intentional and unintentional ways a primary message is communicated. Includes vocal inflection, gestures, and posture, or rate of speech that influence the interpretation or perception of your message. ex: you smile and wave your hand to indicate the empty chair on the other side of your desk to invite the person to sit

Auxiliary Message

present your message in detail, using any of a variety of organizational structures (parts of a message)

Body

_____________ is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning. At the center of any study of ____________ is a relationship that involves interaction between participants

Communication

provide the audience with a sense of closure by summarizing your main points and relating them to the overall topics (parts of a message)

Conclusion

a message or thought that stays with your audience well after the communication is finished. Can be an essential part of your message (parts of a message)

Residual Message

___________ reflection results in learning. Think of reflection is a cyclical process that you revisit time and again, not as a linear process that is an endpoint in the communication process. Reflection allows you to develop new ideas and examine your personal beliefs and biases. ___________ reflection on a conversation can help you to see the conversation from the perspective of your conversation partner. Reflective thinking increases the probability that you will learn to repeat your successes and not repeat your failures

Conscious

It is the deliberate use of words to disguise, obscure, or change meaning

Doublespeak

It involves substituting an acceptable word for an offensive, controversial, or unacceptable one that conveys the same or similar meaning

Euphemism

________ communications deliver specific business messages to individuals outside an organization. They may announce changes in staff or strategy, earnings, and more. The goal of ______ communication is to create a specific message that the receiver will understand and share with others. Examples of this communication include the following: -Public relations professionals create ________ communications about a client's product, services, or practices for specific receivers. These receivers, it is hoped, will share the message with others. -A web page's ________ communication can combine elements of public relations, advertising, and editorial content, reaching receivers on multiple levels and in multiple ways. Banner ads, blogs, and advertiser-driven "click-through" areas are just a few of the elements that allow a business to deliver a message to a receiver online. -Customer communications can include letters, catalogs, direct mail, emails, text messages, and telemarketing messages. The key to successful external communication to customers is to convey a business message in a personally compelling way—dramatic news, a money-saving coupon, and so forth

External

a dynamic process where a small number of people engage in a conversation. Generally defined as involving three to eight people. The larger the group, the more likely it is to break down into smaller groups

Group communication

________, also called noise, can come from any source. _________ is anything that blocks or changes the source's intended meaning of the message. Perhaps you are hungry, and your attention to your current situation _________ with your ability to listen. Maybe the office is hot and stuffy. If you were a member of an audience listening to an executive speech, how could this impact your ability to pay attention and participate? Noise _______ with standard encoding and decoding of a message carried by a channel between source and receiver. Not all noise is detrimental, but noise _________ with the communication process

Interference

____________ is the third part of the perception process, in which you assign meaning to your experiences using mental structures known as schemata. Schemata are like databases of stored, related information that you use to interpret new experiences. Schemata are like lenses that help you make sense of the perceptual cues around you based on previous knowledge and experience

Interpretation

a clear statement about your topic; this is also the time to establish a relationship with your audience (parts of a message)

Introduction

A staff member is giving a continuing education presentation to other employees. The staff member wants to ensure he speaks briefly and concisely. Which presentation term is being described? a) Punctuality b) Tone c) Engagement d) Organization

a) Punctuality (Punctuality means being concise or brief and to the point. The staff member should be prepared to state points clearly and support them with evidence in the straightforward manner)

The word __________ comes from the root equal. To be _________ is to believe in fundamental equality: That all people should share equally in the benefits and burdens of society. It means that everyone is entitled to the same respect, expectations, access to information, and rewards of participation in a group

egalitarian

_________ is an occupation-specific language used by people in a given profession. _______ does not necessarily imply formal education but instead focuses on the language people in a profession use to communicate with each other. It is the language of specialized terms used by a group or profession. It is common shorthand among experts, and if used sensibly, can be a quick and efficient way of communicating. Most _______ consists of unfamiliar terms, abstract words, nonsense words, acronyms, and abbreviations, with an occasional euphemism thrown in for good measure. Each profession, trade, and organization have its specialized terms. At first glance, _______ seems like a good thing—a quicker way to send an effective communication, the way text message abbreviations can send common messages in a shorter yet understandable way. However, that is not always how things happen. It can be an obstacle to effective communication, causing listeners to tune out or fostering ill feeling between partners in a conversation

Jargon

__________ involves sending a single message to a group. It allows us to communicate our message to a large number of people, but we are limited in our ability to tailor our message to specific audiences, groups, or individuals. As a business communicator, you can use multimedia as a visual aid or reference common programs, films, or other images that your audience finds familiar yet engaging. You can tweet a picture that is worth far more than 140 characters, and you are just as likely to elicit a significant response. By choosing messages or references that many audience members will recognize or can identify with, you can develop common ground and increase the appeal of your message

Mass communication

___________ is the second part of the perception process, in which you sort and categorize information that you perceive based on innate and learned cognitive patterns. Three ways you sort things into patterns are by using proximity, similarity, and difference. In terms of proximity, people tend to think that things that are close together go together. People group things together based on similarity and tend to think similar-looking or similar-acting things belong together. People organize information based on difference. In this case, people assume that the item that looks or acts differently from the rest does not belong to the group. Since you often organize perceptual information based on proximity, you may automatically perceive that two people are together, just because they are standing close together in line

Organizing

the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting information. This process includes the perception of select stimuli that pass through your perceptual filters, are organized into your existing mental structures and thinking patterns, and are then interpreted based on previous experiences. How you perceive the people and objects around you affects your communication. You respond differently to an object or person that you perceive favorably than you do to someone you find unfavorable

Perception

_____________ is a strategy to help you monitor your reactions to and perceptions about people and communication. There are some internal and external strategies you can use to engage in this. Even being aware of what influences are acting on your perceptions makes you more aware of what is happening in the perception process. In terms of external strategies, you can use other people to help verify your perceptions. ____________ helps you slow down perception and communication processes and gives you more control over both. It involves being able to describe what is happening in a given situation, provide multiple interpretations of events or behaviors, and ask yourself and other people questions for clarification. Some of this process happens inside your head, and some happen through interaction

Perception checking

refers to the intentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. ex: you say, "Have a seat"

Primary message

the degree to which something attracts your attention in a particular context. The thing attracting your attention can be abstract, like a concept, or concrete, like an object. A bright flashlight shining in your face while camping at night is sure to be _________. The degree of ________ depends on three features: whether the object is visually or aurally stimulating, whether it meets your needs or interests, and whether it meets or challenges your expectations

Salience

refers to the unintentional content, both verbal and nonverbal. ex: a messy workspace makes an impression on your visitor that you are disorganized

Secondary Message

_________ is the first part of the perception process, in which you focus your attention on certain incoming sensory information. Think about how, out of many other possible stimuli to pay attention to, you may hear a familiar voice in the hallway, see a pair of shoes you want to buy from across the mall, or smell something cooking for dinner when you get home from work. You quickly cut through and push to the background all kinds of sights, smells, sounds, and other stimuli, but how do you decide what to select and what to leave out?

Selecting

From your internal monologue and intrapersonal communication to verbal and nonverbal communication, communication is continuously occurring. __________ is a process by which you intentionally communicate information to others but can involve unintentional but revealing slips. a process of communication by which one person reveals information about themself to another. The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites

Self-disclosure

The use of existing or newly invented words to take the place of standard or traditional words with the intent of adding an unconventional, nonstandard, humorous, or rebellious effect. It differs from jargon in that it is used in informal contexts, among friends or members of an age group, rather than by professionals in a specific industry

Slang

Two managers are having a conversation, and both are interested in knowing and understanding the other's point of view. What type of listening is being used by these managers? a) Active b) Competitive c) Passive d) Appreciative

a) Active (Active listening occurs when two individuals work to understand what each is communicating)

An employee works in the marketing department at an education center and is speaking with a coworker about upcoming events on the calendar. The employee is listening to the coworker's ideas and wants to respond in a way that indicates she is using active listening skills. How should this employee respond? a) Ask questions to clarify the message b) Discuss potential events that can be added to the calendar c) Talk about the next event on the calendar d) Indicate that the message was heard by nodding

a) Ask questions to clarify the message

Which technique is used for active listening? a) Asking questions to confirm what has been said b) Folding arms tightly in front of the body while listening c) Preparing a response to what is being said by the speaker d) Sharing one's own view point on subject matter

a) Asking questions to confirm what has been said (This is one technique of active listening. This enables the speaker to understand that the listener is paying attention to what is being said)

Which component of the communication process is involved when an individual chooses whether to write, speak, text, or broadcast a message? a) Channel b) Context c) Receiver d) Source

a) Channel (The channel or medium deals with the method of communicating a message from sender to receiver)

What is the purpose of reflective thinking? a) Helps better understand personal perspective b) Helps construct meaning from watching others c) Helps better understand others viewpoints d) Helps get more control over perception and communication processes

a) Helps better understand personal perspective (Reflective thinking is when ones thinks about past and present experiences and what they have learned and feel about them. This helps a person better understand why they think the way they do and is the purpose of reflective thinking)

Which model describes communication as a process where people create social realities, generate communities, and form intercultural alliances? a) Transaction b) Interaction c) Application d) Transmission

a) Transaction (The Transaction Model is socially-based and deals with cultural contexts. People use it to help create intercultural alliances and self-concepts)

People with a preference for __________ communication will ask many questions and behave methodically. They do not like to be pressured to make a decision and prefer a more structured environment. They are easily recognized by the high number of questions they ask. they tend to be deep in thought, have high standards and tend to be perfectionists

analytical

What is a characteristic of intrapersonal communication? a) Happens when an individual addresses a large audience b) Involves messages that exist in an individual's mind c) Includes three to eight people d) Occurs between two people engaged in conversation

b) Involves messages that exist in an individual's mind (Intrapersonal communication exists in the mind of an individual and is often referred to as "self-talk." It impacts how one sees and interacts with the outside world)

A school supply company is planning its back-to-school campaign and wants to mass market promotions to others about the new merchandise and sales. Which communication channel should this company use to be as thorough and cost-effective as possible? a) Door-to-door b) Written c) Oral d) Text message

b) Written (Written communication allows individuals to craft detailed and effective messages and is more cost-effective than in-person communication channels)

A managers blames others for problems and talks to employees in a manner that indicates lack of concern for their welfare. Which communication style is this manager displaying? a) Passive b) Passive-aggressive c) Aggressive d) Assertive

c) Aggressive (The aggressive communication style is seen in someone who tries to get their way by dominating others, speaking in a demanding and loud voice, and criticizes and blames others)

A manager believes that to communicate ethically, all members of a group should be treated with the same expectation, respect, and have the same access to information. What terms describes the manager's belief? a) Esotericism b) Euphemism c) Egalitarian d) Ethnocentrism

c) Egalitarian (Egalitarian is the belief that all members of a group are entitled to the same respect, access to information, and expectations)

A barrier to effective communication is the belief that one's own culture is better than others. What term describes this belief? a) Egalitarian b) Esotericism c) Ethnocentrism d) Euphemism

c) Ethnocentrism (Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's cultural is better than other cultures. This belief creates a barrier to effective communication with others of different cultures as one's mind is closed to new ideas and information)

A university created a new equity, diversity, and inclusion position and then hired a coordinator for that team. The president sent an email to department directors to introduce the coordinator, but the communication resulted in many questions and several rumors that later proved to be unfounded. Which communication channel should have been used to reduce these problems? a) Written correspondence b) Multimedia messaging c) Face-to-face meeting d) Post on social media

c) Face-to-face meeting (This verbal channel is the richest of all channels as it provides an opportunity for the sender to obtain immediate feedback from the receivers, and the receivers to obtain immediate feedback from the sender)

The quality manager in a company that makes electrical components for airplanes noticed an increase in the number of defective parts. The manager distributed a letter to the line supervisors in all manufacturing sites outlining production changes that must be made to reduce defects. Within less than two weeks, the number of defective parts rose even higher due to the process changes. Which model of communication should the manager have used to prevent this problem? a) Transmission b) Interpersonal c) Interaction d) Transaction

c) Interaction (In this model of communication, the initial sender provides mechanisms for the receivers to provide feedback to the sender. In this model, the sender and receivers switch roles with the supervisor feedback being given to the manager)

The president of a small company is getting ready to announce a round of layoffs to the staff and would like to communicate the information in a manner that reduces fear and allows for immediate feedback. Which mode of communication should the president use? a) Informal b) Written c) Oral d) Indirect

c) Oral (Oral communication channels should be used when the message to be delivered can instill confusion, anxiety, or an emotional response from the receivers. It is direct and provides an opportunity for immediate feedback)

A company leader chose to speak to employees at 4:30 p.m. on a Friday before a holiday weekend about an important organizational change. The setting, the company cafeteria, is comfortable and well known, and the delivery was flawless. Later, the leader realizes that most employees did not hear the information. Which factor affected the delivery of this message? a) Decoding b) Encoding c) Psychological noise d) Environmental setting

c) Psychological noise

Which strategy is an effective way to communicate within an organization? a) Use multiple people along the lines of communication b) Choose a single person designated to send out messages c) Use multiple modes of communication d) Choose a single mode of communication

c) Use multiple modes of communication (Having many sources to relay the same information will lead to ensuring that there is least information distortion)

A speaker at a training workshop on a new accounts payable computer system notices several people in the audience occasionally nodding their heads and smiling. The speaker presumes this means the participants understand what is being said. Which type of feedback is this speaker receiving? a) Interactive b) Psychological c) Visual d) Auditory

c) Visual (Visual feedback, sometimes called visual cues, provide the sender of the communication with nonverbal feedback. The sender must interpret what the cues actually mean, which can sometimes be difficult)

The _________ is how a message or messages travel between source and receiver. For example, think of your television. Each _________ takes up some space, even in a digital world, in the cable or in the signal that brings the message of each ________ to your home. Television combines an audio signal you hear with a visual signal you see. Together they convey the message to the receiver or audience. Turn off the volume on your television. Can you still understand what is happening? Many times, you can, because the body language conveys part of the message of the show. Now turn up the volume but turn around so that you cannot see the television. You can still hear the dialogue and follow the storyline. Similarly, when you speak or write, you are using a _________ to convey your message. ________ selection depends on many factors such as how quickly the recipients need the information, the confidentiality level of the message, the hierarchal relationships of the communicators, and even such factors as the location, gender, culture, and education level of the recipient

channel

People with ________ personalities like to have their way and tend to be decisive. They have strong viewpoints, which they are not afraid to share with others. They like to be in charge at their workplace but also in the way they communicate. They usually get right to the point and do not waste time with small talk. big-picture thinkers, they tend to be leaders

driven

The __________ of the communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved. A professional communication _________ may involve business attire (environmental cues) that directly or indirectly influence expectations of language and behavior among the participants.A presentation or discussion does not take place as an isolated event. When you came to work, you came from somewhere. So did the person seated in the cubicle next to you. The degree to which the environment is formal or informal depends on the _______ual expectations for communication held by the participants. The person sitting next to you may be used to informal communication with supervisors, but your supervisor may be used to verbal and nonverbal displays of respect in the work environment. You may be used to formal interactions with your supervisor as well and find your colleague's question of "Hey boss, is that report due today?" as rude and inconsiderate when your colleague sees it as normal. The nonverbal response from the supervisor will undoubtedly give you a clue about how they perceive the interaction, both the word choices and how it was said. In a business meeting, who speaks first? That probably has some relation to the position and role each person has outside the meeting. __________ plays a critical role in communication, particularly across cultures

context

A manager is experiencing unusually high turnover in the department. The manager's supervisor has explained the importance of retaining key employees, and the manager is grateful for this insight. During the conversation, the supervisor shows interest in what the manager is saying and checks to make sure that the information being provided is fully understood. Which type of listening skill is the supervisor using during this interaction? a) Passive b) Process c) Competitive d) Active

d) Active (Active listening takes place when the receiver is interested in what the sender has to say and the receiver confirms the message is understood correctly)

Which component of the communication process involves an individual choosing specific words or phrases to convey intended meaning? a) Decoding b) Channel c) Context d) Encoding

d) Encoding (Encoding is the way the sender creates the intended meaning behind a message. It is a function of the choice of words one uses to personalize a message)

A manager heads a sales department in a large company, and the division reported below normal performance for the quarter. The manager decides to avoid reporting the sales figures until the next quarter in hopes that the holiday sales will improve the numbers. What kind of filter is being used by this manager? a) Personal b) Cultural c) Environmental d) External

d) External (Withholding or distorting information fearing negative reactions is an example of external filtering)

A new manager is disappointed in the treatment received from the staff. Staff members do not respect the authority of the position and continuously mention the old manager's style as being more effective. Over the next month, the new manger retaliates by reporting every team member at different times. Once that practice begins, the team members question why they are being reported since there are no behavior incidents that have occurred. Which type of communication style is being used in this situation? a) Passive b) Assertive c) Aggressive d) Passive-aggressive

d) Passive-aggressive (The new manager was passive about the staff showing disrespect but is aggressive later by writing up the team members for no apparent reason(s))

What is a benefit of using oral communication over written communication to share information in the corporate setting? a) Reduced opportunity for disagreement b) Higher degree of accuracy c) Lower message degradation d) Stronger channel richness

d) Stronger channel richness (Oral communication has a high level of channel richness, which means that the receiver will be able to pick up on sarcasm or other tonal aspects of the intended message. This provides greater context and opportunity for accurate interpretation of the intended meaning)

A production manager of a company that makes baseballs specifically for young athletes has recently hired several new employees for the assembly line. Four of the new employees are from another country and have limited English language skills. Which technique should be used when communicating with these four new employees? a) Model jargon words that are used with other employees b) Speak loudly and with emphasis to help them understand c) Disregard body language to be respectful to their culture d) Use simple words and pronounce them carefully

d) Use simple words and pronounce them carefully

The _____________ is the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive messages. This can include the tables, chairs, lighting, and sound equipment that are in the room. The room itself is an example of the __________. People may be more likely to have an intimate conversation when they are physically close to each other and less likely when they can only see each other from across the room. In that case, they may text each other, itself an intimate form of communication. The choice to text is influenced by the ________. As a speaker, your __________ will impact and play a role in your speech. It is always a good idea to go check out where you will be speaking before the day of the actual presentation

environment

People are influenced by emotions as well as logic. The __________ communicator will be passionate and enthusiastic without being disrespectful. Losing one's temper and being abusive are generally regarded as showing a lack of professionalism (and could even involve legal consequences for you or your employer). When you disagree strongly with a coworker, feel deeply annoyed with a demanding customer, or find serious fault with a competitor's product, it is essential to express such sentiments respectfully

ethical

People with an ___________ personality tend to get excited. They like challenges and rely heavily on hunches and feelings. Depending on the type of business, this can be a downfall as sometimes hard data should be used for decision-making purposes. These people are easily recognized because they do not like too many facts or boring explanations and tend to be antsy if they feel their time is being wasted with too many facts. outgoing and social

expressive

Filtering can be the distortion or withholding of information to manage a person's reactions. Some examples of filtering include a manager who keeps a division's poor sales figures from the boss fearing that the bad news will make the boss angry. The old saying, "Do not shoot the messenger!" illustrates the tendency of receivers to vent their negative response to unwanted messages on the sender. A gatekeeper who does not pass along a complete message is also filtering

external filtering

When you respond to the source, intentionally or unintentionally, you are giving ___________. This is composed of messages the receiver sends back to the source. Verbal or nonverbal, ___________ signals allow the source to see how well and how accurately the message was received. _________ also provides an opportunity for the receiver or audience to ask for clarification, to agree or disagree, or to indicate that the source could make the message more interesting. As the amount of _________ increases, the accuracy of communication also increases. A lack of __________ can lead you to jump to an incorrect conclusion. You might think your message was heard but then are disappointed or surprised when no one follows through

feedback

To communicate __________, speak and write in a way that is comprehensible and relevant to all your listeners or readers, not just those who are "like you" in terms of age, gender, race or ethnicity, or other characteristics. In business, an effective communicator seeks to unify the audience by using ideas and language that are appropriate for all the message's readers or listeners

impartially

The ____________ model of communication describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts. Rather than illustrating communication as a linear, one-way process, the interaction model incorporates feedback, which makes communication a more interactive, two-way process. The inclusion of a feedback loop also leads to a more sophisticated understanding of the roles of participants in a communication encounter. Rather than having one sender, one message, and one receiver, this model has two sender-receivers who exchange messages. Each participant alternates roles as sender and receiver to keep a communication encounter going. Although this seems like a perceptible and deliberate process, you alternate between the roles of sender and receiver very quickly and often without conscious thought

interaction

Personal experiences color how people view the world and how they communicate. A message sender sees the world through one set of filters (experiences and values), and the receiver sees it through a different set of filters. Each message must pass, therefore, through at least two sets of filters. The more similar people are in lifestyle, experience, culture, and language, the more similar their mental filters are likely to be, and the less distortion should occur

internal filtering

___________ communication can be defined as communication between two people, but the definition fails to capture the essence of a relationship. The developmental view of __________ communication emphasizes the relationship rather than the size of the audience and distinguishes impersonal and personal interactions. the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages: it is face-to-face communication.

interpersonal

As you "talk with yourself," you are engaged in _________ communication. This communication involves one person; it is often called "self-talk". Donna Vocate's book (1994) on ________ communication explains how, as you use language to reflect on your own experiences, you talk yourself through situations. Your ________ communication can be positive or negative and directly influences how you perceive and react to situations and interactions with others

intrapersonal

Research shows that frequent communications with one's supervisor are related to better job performance ratings and overall organizational performance. Research also indicates that __________ communication done between peers can influence critical organizational outcomes such as turnover

lateral

The key to effective communication is to ___________________________. For example, written media may be a better choice when the sender wants a record of the content, has less urgency for a response, is physically separated from the receiver, does not require much feedback from the receiver, or the message is complicated and may take some time to understand. Oral communication, however, makes more sense when the sender is conveying a sensitive or emotional message, needs feedback immediately, and does not need a permanent record of the conversation

match the communication channel with the goal of communication

The _________ is the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience. Whether you plan to give a speech or write a report, your ________ may seem to be only the words you choose that will convey your meaning. However, that is just the beginning. The words are brought together with grammar and organization. You may decide to save your most important point for last. The _________ also consists of the way you say it—in a speech, with your tone of voice, your body language, and your appearance—and in a report, with your writing style, punctuation, and the headings and formatting you choose. In addition, part of the _________ may be the environment or context you present it in and the noise that might make your _________ hard to hear or see

message

In ________ communication, one person speaks to a group of people; the same is true of ______ written communication, where one person writes a message to be read by a small or large group. The speaker or writer may ask questions and engage the audience in a discussion, but the dynamics of the conversation are distinct from group communication, where different rules apply. In a ______ speaking situation, the group typically defers to the speaker. For example, the boss speaks to everyone, and the sales team quietly listens without interruption

public

The ________ receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source. To better understand this component, think of a __________ on a football team. The quarterback throws the football (message) to a _________, who must see and interpret where to catch the ball. The quarterback may intend for the _________ to "catch" his message in one way, but the _________ may see things differently and miss the football (the intended meaning) altogether. Your audience "sizes you up," much as you might check them out long before you take the stage or open your mouth. The nonverbal responses of your listeners can serve as clues on how to adjust your opening. By imagining yourself in their place, you anticipate what you would look for if you were them. All messages when decoded pass through the _________'s filter. Your mood or mindset is one such filter. The more alike the sender and __________ are, the more likely the message will be understood as it was intended. The more different they are, the more likely a mistake can be made in both translating and interpreting the message

receiver

People with a ________ style like positive attention and want to be regarded warmly. They want others to care about them and treat them well. Because relaters value friendships, a good way to communicate well with them is to create a communication environment where they can feel close to others. they avoid contact and can appear weak

relater

An excellent way to improve your perceptual skills and increase your communication competence, in general, is to engage in ___________. If a communication encounter does not go well and you want to know why, self-reflection will be much more useful if you are aware of and can recount your thoughts and actions. ____________ requires a conscious effort to think about your current actions, past actions, perception of past interactions, and knowledge gained upon reflection. Taking the time to reflect on what you have heard and experienced allows you to evaluate each experience, consider what it meant to you at the time, evaluate your actions and responses, and then plan future actions

self-reflection

The ________ imagines, creates, and sends the message. In a public speaking situation, the ________ is the person giving the speech. Speakers also convey messages through their tone of voice, body language, and choice of clothing. A speaker begins by first determining the message—what to say and how to say it. The second step involves encoding the message by choosing just the right order or the perfect words to convey the intended meaning. The third step is to present or send the information to the receiver or audience. Finally, by watching for the audience's reaction, the ________ perceives how well they received the message and responds with clarification or supporting information

source

What are the different phases of thinking, in order, according to the Kolb Learning Cycle? List them in order from step one to step five: abstract conceptualization active experimentation experience new perspective reflection

step one: experience step two: reflection step three: abstract conceptualization step four: new perspective step five: active experimentation

What is this process representing/describing?: an individual starts with having a concrete experience. A conversation or interaction may be one example of such an experience. After the experience, the next step is to pause for reflective. During this time of reflection, the individual should consider what was said and how it was said. Next is abstract conceptualization, where you would consider what the interaction meant to you and how it fits into your understanding of the world. As you try to fit this experience into your worldview, you might find that you need a new perspective or a way of knowing about the world. As you continue your reflective journey, you begin to reframe your understanding of the world. Finally, you actively experiment and test your new perspective

the Kolb Learning Cycle

The ____________ model of communication describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts. In this model, you do not just communicate to exchange messages; you communicate to create relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape your self-concepts, and engage with others in dialogue to create communities. In short, you do not communicate about your realities; communication helps to construct your realities (and the realities of others). Instead of labeling participants as senders and receivers, the people in a communication encounter are referred to as communicators. Unlike the interaction model, which suggests that participants alternate positions as sender and receiver, this model indicates that you are simultaneously a sender and a receiver. For example, when meeting a new friend, you send spoken messages about your interests and background, your companion reacts nonverbally. You do not wait until you are done sending your verbal message to start receiving and decoding the nonverbal messages of your new friend. Instead, you are simultaneously sending your verbal message and receiving your friend's nonverbal messages. Having simultaneous communications between both parties is an important addition to the model because it allows you to understand how you can adapt your communication—for example, modifying a verbal message—in the middle of sending it based on the communication you are simultaneously receiving from your conversation partner

transaction

The ______________ model of communication describes communication as a linear, one-way process in which a sender intentionally transmits a message to a receiver. This model focuses on the sender and message within a communication encounter. Although the receiver is included in the model, this role is viewed as more of a target or endpoint rather than part of an ongoing process. You are left to presume that the receiver either successfully receives and understands the message or does not. Think of how a radio message is sent from a person in the radio studio to you listening in your car. The sender is the radio announcer who encodes a verbal message that is transmitted by a radio tower through electromagnetic waves (the channel) and eventually reaches your (the receiver's) ears via an antenna and speakers to be decoded. The radio announcer does not know if you receive their message or not, but if the equipment is working and the channel is free of static, then there is a good chance that the message was successfully received

transmission

You might feel uncomfortable conveying an emotionally laden message verbally, especially when the message contains unwanted news. Sending an email to your staff that there will be no bonuses this year may seem easier than breaking the bad news face-to-face, but that does not mean that email is an effective or appropriate way to deliver this kind of news. When the message is emotional, the sender should use ____________ communication. Indeed, a good rule of thumb is that the more emotionally laden messages require more thought in the choice of channel and how they are communicated

verbal

what is it referring to when communication is said to move diagonally?

when information moves between and among levels of an organization, such as a message from a customer service representative up to a manager in the manufacturing department, or a message from the chief financial officer sent down to all department heads.

what is it referring to when communication is said to move vertically?

when information moves down from top management or up from the front line

what is it referring to when communication is said to move horizontally?

when information moves from a sender to a receiver