Mood Disorders
Mania
A period of hyper-elevated mood that is euphoric, giddy, easily irritated, hyperactive, impulsive, overly optimistic, with little desire to sleep
Prevalence of Depression
Depression is the #1 reason people seek mental health services Depressive episodes happen to about 6% of men and 9% of women Over the course of a lifetime 12% Canadians and 17% of Americans experience depression
The Brain: Prevention/Reduction of Mood Disorders
-Adjust neurotransmitters with medication -Increase serotonin levels with exercise -Reduce brain inflammation with a healthy diet -Prevent excessive alcohol use
Mood Disorders: The Social- Cognitive Perspective: Depressions Vicious Cycle
A depressed mood may develop when a person with a negative outlook experiences repeated stress -Depressed mood changes a persons style of thinking and interacting in a way that makes stressful experiences MORE likely
Mood Disorders: The Brain
Brain activity is decreased in depression and increased in mania Smaller frontal lobes in depression and fewer axons in bipolar disorder
Mood Disorders: Genetic Influences
DNA linkage analysis reveals depression gene regions
Mood Disorders: The Social-Cognitive Perspective: Low Self Esteem
Discounting positive information and assuming the worst about self, situation, and the future
Suicide Statistics
Every year 1 million people commit suicide Whites commit suicide more than blacks Suicide increases in late adulthood 25% occur on a Wednesday Women attempt more Men complete more
Understanding Mood Disorders: The Biological Perspective
Evolutionary Genetic And Brain Factors
Mood Disorders: The Social-Cognitive Perspective: Depressive Explanatory Style
How we analyze bad news predicts mood
Mood Disorders: Neurotransmitters
More norepinephrine (arousing) in mania, less in depression Reduced serotonin (mood, function, desire) in depression
Understanding Mood Disorders: The Social-Cognitive Explanations
Negative thoughts and mood Explanatory Style Vicious cycle
Non-suicidal self-injury
Non life ending functions such as sending a message or self punishment
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Not simply just disliking winter Involves a recurring seasonal pattern of depression, usually during winter's short, dark, cold days
Criteria of Major Depressive Disorder
One of Both: -Depressed mood most of the day -Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities Plus 3 more: -Significant increase/decrease in appetite or weight. -Insomnia, sleeping too much, or disrupted sleep -Lethargy or physical agitation -Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day -Worthlessness or excessive guilt -Daily Problems in thinking, concentrating, and or making decisions -Recurring thoughts of death/suicide
Bipolar Disorder
People with Bipolar disorder contain two polar opposite personalities. Depression and Mania.
Mood Disorders: Twin/Adoption heritability studies
Rate of depression is higher in identical (50%) than fraternal twins (20%)
Mood Disorder: The Social-Cognitive Perspective: Learned Helplessness
Self defeating beliefs such as assuming that one is unable to cope, improve, achieve or be happy
Mood Disorder: The Social-Cognitive Perspective: Rumination
Stuck focusing on what's bad
Social-Emotional Hibernation
Under stress, depression allow humans to: Conserve energy Avoid conflicts and other risks Let go of unattainable goals Take time to contemplate
Bipolar Disorder: Depressed Symptoms
exaggerated pessimism social withdrawal lack of felt pleasure inactivity and no initiative difficulty focusing fatigue and excessive desire to sleep