MOR 100 EXAM 2

The History of Embalming was originally written in:

French

The "History of Embalming" was written by:

Gannal

Edwin Chadwick investigated the sanitary conditions in the laboring population of:

Great Britain

The discovery of the circulation of blood in 1618 was his:

Harvey

During Colonial Times a hand carried bier with candles or spikes on the corner was also known as:

Hearse

The canopic jars which housed the organs of deceased Egyptians were named after the four sons of:

Horus

The first to report to his class how to arterially embalm, including both fluid and methods used:

Hunter

Hebrews didn't cremate because:

It was an indignity to the corpse the spirit of the cremated body could find no rest in Sheol

Synonomous with the term wailing:

Lamentation

Before 1859, undertaker's responsibilities included:

Laying out the body Transporting the body to the grave Casketing the body

The goddess of corpses and funerals:

Libitina

The head undertaker of the Romans was also known as the:

Libitinarius

To counteract the odor of decay, the Hebrews used:

Lime

Burial Societies were becoming common place during which period:

Medieval

The use of an effigy became popularized during the:

Middle-Ages

The Egyptians would pickle the body in this type of solution for 70 days.

Natron

In Egyptian history, the "City of the Dead":

Necropolis

A Hebrew term meaning "breath":

Nefesh

The Jewish people believed the individual was made up of two elements which were:

Nefesh and Basar

Which Journal of Advertisers did Blanche White place an ad as an undertaker:

New York

In the Hebrew culture, burial took place:

On the evening of the day of death

The Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of the dead:

Osiris

The "Crier" in Ancient Rome was also known as the:

Praeco

The pilgrims of Massachusetts Bay rejected all known religions and started their own called:

Puritan

The Massachusetts Bay Colony had which type of motif:

Religious

The term "popish" refers to:

Roman Catholic

Libitina and Libitinarius are funeral functionaries identified with which of the following early cultures:

Romans

He was the first to arterialy embalm but did not reveal his methods:

Ruysch

The name given to the hebrew netherworld:

Sheol

Historical records show this group of people originally as underwriters of commercial ventures:

Undertakers

The wake during the Dark Ages was also referred to as:

Vigil for the dead

The most expensive method of Egyptian embalming consisted of five steps, the last of which was:

bandaging, anointing, and spicing

A long pleated arrangement of fine linen worn by a widow during the Middle-Ages which resembled a beard:

barbe

They were referred to as blood-letters:

barber-surgeons

Upholsterers and Drapers sidelined on furnishing funerary goods such as:

black wall hangings velvet palls mourning cloaks

Hebrews believe that the spirit is found in the:

blood

Early American Colonial social classes were based on:

both occupation and commercial success

Black bordered and dismal, they were often crudely and gruesomely decorated with the macabre symbols of death:

broadside sheets

The early coffins were made by:

carpenters and cabinet makers

During the Colonial period these were usually supplied by cabinet makers:

caskets

Unlike his English cousin, the Colonial sexton:

charged a fee for services rendered

The year 1618 was important to the history of embalming because which of the following was discovered:

circulation of blood

What type of motif did the Virginia Colony have:

commercial

Many historians credit the Greeks as the first to use:

cremation

The Germans and Scandinavians practiced which form of disposition:

cremation

Which of the following were included in the Hebrew mourning customs:

cutting a tuft of hair tearing the garments bare feet lamentation

He dissected over 50 cadavers and drew 750 anatomical plates:

daVinci

The Christian funeral took place in the:

daytime

Early Christians were cremated only when:

disease or epidemic made it necessary to prevent the spreading of the disease

A waxed death mask of nobility was referred to as a(n):

effigy

Which of the following was not among the duties of the sexton:

embalming the body

These were the first to come to the aid of the bereaved:

friends and family

The early Christians believed the spirit left the body:

from the feet to the mouth

Edwin Chadwick's report recommended:

funeral ceremonies be simplified to prevent overcharging to families

He furnished other undertakers with necessary supplies and paraphernalia:

furnishings undertaker

These were now being rented instead of traveling to the graveside on foot:

horse and buggies horse and carriage livery

The Puritans included children in the funerals because:

it was a social function and a public event

Which of the following was not a role of a municipal officer:

mayor

She played a dual role of practicing healing arts and laying out the dead:

midwife

The earliest New England burials were:

models of simplicity and quiet dignity

This was often given to each pallbearer at the Dutch funeral as a gift:

monkey spoon

The role of the clergy in the early Puritan funeral was:

non-existent

This was placed on the tongue and used to pay the Charon for passage over the river Styx to the Elysian Plain in the Ancient Greek custom:

obol

This document was required to bury in churchyards and church cemeteries:

permit

The German and Scandinavian final disposition were based on:

protection from the dead freeing the spirit of the dead

A motive for Egyptian embalming was:

religious belief sanitary purposes

Another name for the Egyptian coffin:

sarcophagus

Used in the process of paying tribute to the dead, the colonists gave gifts to mourners such as:

scarves rings books

The most common symbol of death during the early New England days was:

skull & crossbones

Colonial funerals generally combined which three functions:

sociability, religiosity, reaffirmation of the social status of the deceased

Following the Mass for an Anglo-Saxon of importance, a mortuary fee was paid. This was called the:

soul shot

Self-inflicted or group-inflicted cremation of a Hindu widow is referred to as:

suttee

A formal liturgical rite in the early Christian burial was:

the Kiss of Peace

Most early American burials took place at:

the churchyard cemetery

The role of the sexton included:

the digging of graves ringing of bells care of the church property

the deceased Hebrew was dressed in:

their best attire

A purpose of the Christian wake was:

to give comfort to the bereaved to make sure the body was really dead

The hands of the deceased are folded:

to make the sign of the cross

The journey known as the Circle of Necessity lead:

to the sun and back

One of the four varities of the Hebrew grave was:

trench single chamber bench sunken

Through most of the 17th century, underwriters in common language usage were called:

undertakers

The mourning color for the Chinese was:

white

Dionysius was recognized as the god of:

wine

Cremation was common among the Romans until the influence of:

Christianity

Canon law is:

Church law

The most popular type of wood used for a coffin by the Greeks was:

Cypress

Another name for the Middle-Ages was:

Dark Ages

Burial for the Christian clergy was toward the:

East

This early death belief said that the body and soul were composed of atoms, which simply disintegrated at death. Which of the following is responsible for influencing this death belief:

Epicurus

The Virginia Colony was founded at Jamestown in

1607

The Great Plague of London took place in the year of:

1664-1665

The Burial in Woolen Act took place in:

1666

The occupation of undertaker first became common through public announcements during the first quarter of the which century:

19th

The percentage of Egyptians prepared by the expensive method of embalming was:

2%

A licensed official who attended to funerals in Dutch Colony Funeral Customs:

Aansprecker

During the late Middle-Ages the following began experimenting with embalming:

Anatomist Surgeon

A Hebrew term meaning "flesh":

Basar

lIn Greek burial practices, a honey cake was prepared for this three-headed guardian dog of the lower region.

Cerberus

The Embargo Acts affected mortuary behavior by:

a reduction in trade

The "Cemetery" by its etymology designates:

a sleeping place