motor skills

discrete skills

- with easily defined beginning and end ex. dart throwing, shooting rifle, switching on light switch

individual skill

-performed in ISOLATION ex. 2 divers, but each swimming on their own (not interaction or opposing)

what are the 3 categories of motor skills?

1. Discrete skills 2. continuous skills 3. serial skills

what 2 things does the function of the action depend on?

1. Moving the body from one location to the other (body stability vs transport) 2. Involving moving/holding an object (object manipulation / no object)

What are these? 1. Knitting 2. sewing 5 buttons 3. sewing 1 button

1. continuous 2. serial 3. discrete

if there are more than one performer what 3 types of skills can there be?

1. individual skill 2. coactive skill 3. interactive skill

practical applications of Gentile's taxonomy

evaluation of movement capabilities/ limitations - the practitioner can determine deficiencies by systematically altering one condition at a time to identify performance characteristics that pose an obstacle to the performance

motor skills

extent to which the movement is an ongoing stream of behavior as opposed to a brief well-defined action

regulatory conditions

features of the environment context that can "regulate" the movements a person must implement to successfully perform a skill

progression training

practitioner can asses performance and systematically select progression of activities to help increase skill or improve deficit

Gentile's 2 Dimension Taxonomy

- classification can help identify characteristics that make a skill different from another by establishing appropriate practice/training routines - considers 2 characteristics of all skills 1. *environmental context* 2. *Function of the action*

coactive skill

- performed at the same time as other but without direct confrontation ex. row boat w/ several people rowing together (work together) OR ex. swimming race- compete w/ other but NO ONE IS STOPPING YOU (relay races, etc.)

motion vs. stationary

- takes into account people involved, surface, moving objects. etc. *stationary*- hitting volleyball on stationary spike aid/ shooting stationary target *in-motion*-- hitting volleyball during game/ shooting a clay birdie

give example of 4 year old tennis player learning tennis forehand (using chart)

1A= stand still w/ nothing in hand but start to learn proper body rotation (no racket/ball/movement of feet)= body stability 1B= give kid racket to practice movement again (object manipulation/body stability) 1C= have kid run to location on court and practice movement (body transport) add in motion regulatory condition but NO intertrial variability= have kid hit ball from machine (in yes intertrail= have coach throw ball to kid)

environmental context what 2 things does it depend on?

Performing skills involve 1. Changes in *regulatory conditions* (motion vs. stationary) 2. If conditions during the performance are the same or differ (intertrial variability/ no intertrial variability)

serial skills

a GROUP of *discrete* skills strung together to make a more complicated action ex. hammering a nail (hammer once=discrete, but repeatedly=serial skill) ex. driving manual car= 5 discrete steps (release pedal, step on clutch, change gear, release clutsch, step on pedal)

charting progression

allows patient or student to chart individual progress to attain rehabilitation/physical goals

body transport

involves active OR passive changes of body location ex. chasing ball/hitting it on volleyball court acive= if I am walking passive= if I am on bus and it is transporting me (or hoverboard)/ being dragged

object manipulation

maintaining or changing position of an object (tool, ball, or another person) ex. with baskeball= object manipulation (shooting hoop) without basketball=no object manipulation (jumping)

body stability

no change in body location during performance of the skill ex. standing in place and hitting ball

interactive skill

there is active opposition which can affect performance ex. tennis= compete with others (facing opponent, direct contact) ex. water polo= have opponents try to stop you on field (DIRECT OPPOSITION)

intertrial variability

whether the regulatory conditions during performance are the same or different from one attempt to perform the skill to the other ex. there is NO intertrial variability when hitting a ball from machine (ball in motion but machine is always same speed, trajectory, location) there IS intertrial variability when ball thrown in game (EACH throw is DIFFERENT) ex. walking up/down stairs when no one is there vs. when it is crowded (and need to dodge ppl)

continuous skill

without a specific beginning and end - normally lasts more than a few minutes ex. swimming/ running