MS Final questions

In which order will the nurse take these steps to prepare NPH 20 units and regular insulin 2 units using the same syringe? (Put a comma and a space between each answer choice [A, B, C, D, E]). a. Rotate NPH vial. b. Withdraw regular insulin. c. Withdraw 20 units of NPH. d. Inject 20 units of air into NPH vial. e. Inject 2 units of air into regular insulin vial.

A D E B C Rotate NPH vial Inject 20 units of air into NPH vial. Inject 2 units of air into regular insulin vial. Withdraw regular insulin. Withdraw 20 units of NPH.

Analyze the following diagnostic findings for your patient with type 2 diabetes. which result will need further assessment? A. A1C 9% b. bp 126/80 c. FBG 130 D. LDL cholesterol 100

A. A1C 9% Rationale: Lowering hemoglobin A1C (to less than 7%) reduces microvascular and neuropathic complications. Tighter glycemic control (normal hemoglobin A1C level, less than 6%) may further reduce complications but increases hypoglycemia risk.

which statement would be correct for a patient with type 2 DM who was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia A. the patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis B. the patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas ability to produce insulin C. the patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily insulin injections D. the patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to precent ketosis, but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)

D. the patient may have sufficient endogenous insulin to precent ketosis, but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) Rationale: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) is a life-threatening syndrome that can occur in a patient with diabetes who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion.

24. When assessing a patient with a urinary tract infection, indicate on the accompanying figure where the nurse will percuss to assess for possible pyelonephritis. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

ANS: B

polydipsia and polyuria related to DM are primarily due to A. the release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism B. fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia C. damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose D. changes in RBCs resulting from attachment of excessive glucose to hemoglobin

B. fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia Rationale: The osmotic effect of glucose produces the manifestations of polydipsia and polyuria.

9. What glomerular filtration rate (GFR) would the nurse estimate for a 30-year-old patient with a creatinine clearance result of 60 mL/min? a. 60 mL/min b. 90 mL/min c. 120 mL/min d. 180 mL/min

a. 60 mL/min

19. A female patient being admitted with pneumonia has a history of neurogenic bladder as a result of a spinal cord injury. Which action will the nurse plan to take first? a. Ask about the usual urinary pattern and any measures used for bladder control. b. Assist the patient to the toilet at scheduled times to help ensure bladder emptying. c. Check the patient for urinary incontinence every 2 hours to maintain skin integrity. d. Use intermittent catheterization on a regular schedule to avoid the risk of infection.

a. Ask about the usual urinary pattern and any measures used for bladder control.

14. A patient has elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. Which bowel preparation order would the nurse question for this patient who is scheduled for a renal arteriogram? a. Fleet enema b. Tap-water enema c. Senna/docusate (Senokot-S) d. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) tablets

a. Fleet enema

16. The nurse is caring for a 68-year-old hospitalized patient with a decreased glomerular filtration rate who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which action will be included in the plan of care? a. Monitor the urine output after the procedure. b. Assist with monitored anesthesia care (MAC). c. Give oral contrast solution before the procedure. d. Insert a large size urinary catheter before the IVP.

a. Monitor the urine output after the procedure.

5. Which medication taken at home by a 47-year-old patient with decreased renal function will be of most concern to the nurse? a. ibuprofen (Motrin) b. warfarin (Coumadin) c. folic acid (vitamin B9) d. penicillin (Bicillin LA)

a. ibuprofen (Motrin)

Besides being mixed with struvite or oxalate stones, what characteristic is associated with calcium phosphate calculi? a. Associated with alkaline urine b. Genetic autosomal recessive defect c. Three times as common in women as in men d. Defective gastrointestinal (GI) and kidney absorption

a

The nurse plans care for the patient with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis based on what knowledge? a. most patients with the disease recover completely or rapidly improve with conservative management b. chronic glomerulonephritis leading to renal failure is common sequela to acute glomerulonephritis c. pulmonary hemorrhage may occur as a result of antibodies also attacking the alveolar basement membrane d. a large percent of patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis develop rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, resulting in kidney failure

a

When obtaining a nursing history from a patient with cancer of the urinary system, what does the nurse recognize as a risk factor associated with both kidney cancer and bladder cancer? a. smoking b. family history of smoking c. chronic use of phenacetin d. chronic, recurrent nephrolithiasis

a

Which classification of urinary tract infection (UTI) is described as infection of the renal parenchyma, renal pelvis, and ureters? a. upper UTI b. Lower UTI c. Complicated UTI d. Uncomplicated UTI

a

Which urinary diversion is a continent diversion created by formation of an ileal pouch with a stoma for catheterization? a. Kock pouch b. Ileal conduit c. Orthotopic neobladder d. Cutaneous ureterostomy

a

What are common diagnostic studies done for a patient with severe renal colic (select all that apply)? a. CT scan b. Urinalysis c. Cystoscopy d. Ureteroscopy e. Abdominal ultrasound

a, b, e.

10. During routine health screening, a patient is found to have fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 132 mg/dL (7.33 mmol/L). At a follow-up visit, a diagnosis of diabetes would be made based on which laboratory results (select all that apply)? a. A1C of 7.5% b. Glycosuria of 3+ c. FPG >126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). d. Random blood glucose of 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) e. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of 190 mg/dL (10.5 mmol/L)

a. A1C of 7.5% c. FPG >126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L).

9. Priority Decision: When caring for a patient with metabolic syndrome, what should the nurse give the highest priority to teaching the patient about? a. Achieving a normal weight b. Performing daily aerobic exercise c. Eliminating red meat from the diet d. Monitoring the blood glucose periodically

a. Achieving a normal weight

Which nursing action is of highest priority for a 68-year-old patient with renal calculi who is being admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria and severe colicky left flank pain? a. Administer prescribed analgesics. b. Monitor temperature every 4 hours. c. Encourage increased oral fluid intake. d. Give antiemetics as needed for nausea.

a. Administer prescribed analgesics.

28. Priority Decision: A patient with diabetes calls the clinic because she is experiencing nausea and flu-like symptoms. Which advice from the nurse will be the best for this patient? a. Administer the usual insulin dosage. b. Hold fluid intake until the nausea subsides. c. Come to the clinic immediately for evaluation and treatment. d. Monitor the blood glucose every 1 to 2 hours and call if it rises over 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L).

a. Administer the usual insulin dosage.

The physician documented that the patient has urinary retention. How should the nurse explain this when the nursing student asks what it is? a. Inability to void b. No urine formation c. Large amount of urine output d. Increased incidence of urination

a. Inability to void

A 54-year-old patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which admission order should the nurse implement first? a. Infuse 1 liter of normal saline per hour. b. Give sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV push. c. Administer regular insulin 10 U by IV push. d. Start a regular insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hr.

a. Infuse 1 liter of normal saline per hour.

A 76-year-old with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is agitated and confused, with a markedly distended bladder. Which intervention prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse implement first? a. Insert a urinary retention catheter. b. Schedule an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). c. Draw blood for a serum creatinine level. d. Administer lorazepam (Ativan) 0.5 mg PO.

a. Insert a urinary retention catheter.

41. A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with diabetes. What does the nurse recognize about the management of diabetes in the older adult? a. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients. b. It usually is not treated unless the patient becomes severely hyperglycemic. c. It does not include treatment with insulin because of limited dexterity and vision. d. It usually requires that a younger family member be responsible for care of the patient.

a. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients.

A 32-year-old patient with diabetes is starting on intensive insulin therapy. Which type of insulin will the nurse discuss using for mealtime coverage? a. Lispro (Humalog) b. Glargine (Lantus) c. Detemir (Levemir) d. NPH (Humulin N)

a. Lispro (Humalog)

6. The nurse is teaching the patient with prediabetes ways to prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes. What information should be included (select all that apply)? a. Maintain a healthy weight. b. Exercise for 60 minutes each day. c. Have blood pressure checked regularly. d. Assess for visual changes on monthly basis. e. Monitor for polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia.

a. Maintain a healthy weight. e. Monitor for polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia.

Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who are working in the diabetic clinic? a. Measure the ankle-brachial index. b. Check for changes in skin pigmentation. c. Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop. d. Ask the patient about symptoms of depression.

a. Measure the ankle-brachial index.

21. The patient with type 2 diabetes is being put on acarbose (Precose) and wants to know why she is taking it. What should the nurse include in this patient's teaching (select all that apply)? a. Take it with the first bite of each meal. b. It is not used in patients with heart failure. c. Endogenous glucose production is decreased. d. Effectiveness is measured by 2-hour postprandial glucose. e. It delays glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

a. Take it with the first bite of each meal. d. Effectiveness is measured by 2-hour postprandial glucose. e. It delays glucose absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A 55-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes has a nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements. Which goal is most important for this patient? a. The patient will reach a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7%. b. The patient will follow a diet and exercise plan that results in weight loss. c. The patient will choose a diet that distributes calories throughout the day. d. The patient will state the reasons for eliminating simple sugars in the diet.

a. The patient will reach a glycosylated hemoglobin level of less than 7%.

15. A patient with diabetes is learning to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. The nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the patient does what? a. Withdraws the NPH dose into the syringe first b. Injects air equal to the NPH dose into the NPH vial first c. Removes any air bubbles after withdrawing the first insulin d. Adds air equal to the insulin dose into the regular vial and withdraws the dose

a. Withdraws the NPH dose into the syringe first

*6. A patient is admitted to the hospital with severe renal colic. The nurse's first priority in management of the patient is to* a. administer opioids as prescribed. b. obtain supplies for straining all urine c. encourage fluid intake of 3-4L/day d. keep the patient NPO in preparation for surgery

a. administer opioids as prescribed.

The nurse will anticipate teaching a patient with nephrotic syndrome who develops flank pain about treatment with a. antibiotics. b. antifungals. c. anticoagulants. d. antihypertensives.

a. antibiotics.

During physical assessment of the urinary system, the nurse a. cannot palpate the left kidney b. palpates an empty bladder as a small nodule c. finds a dull percussion sound when 100 mL of urine is present in the bladder d. palpates above the symphysis pubis to determine the level of urine in the bladder

a. cannot palpate the left kidney

A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to a. check glucose level before, during, and after swimming. b. delay eating the noon meal until after the swimming class. c. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. d. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.

a. check glucose level before, during, and after swimming.

Normal findings expected by the nurse on physical assessment of the urinary system include (select all that apply) a. nonpalpable left kidney b. auscultation of renal artery bruit c. CVA tenderness elicited by a kidney punch d. no CVA tenderness elicited by a kidney punch e. palpable bladder to the level of the pubic symphysis

a. nonpalpable left kidney d. no CVA tenderness elicited by a kidney punch

*4.One of the nruse's most important roles in relation to acute poststreptococcal golmerulonephritis is to* a. promote early diagnosis and treatment of sore throats and skin lesions b.encourage patients to obtain antibiotic therapy for upper respiratory tract infections c.teach patients with APSGN that long term prophylactic antibiotic therapy is necessary to prevent recurrence d.monitor patients for respiratory symptoms that indicate the disease is affecting the alveolar basement membrane

a. promote early diagnosis and treatment of sore throats and skin lesions

*9. In planning nursing interventions to increase bladder control in the patient with urinary incontinence, the nurse includes:* a. teaching the patient to use Kegel exercises b.clamping and releasing a catheter to increase bladder tone c.teaching the patient biofeedback mechanisms to suppress the urge to void d.counseling the patient concerning choices of incontinence containment devices

a. teaching the patient to use Kegel exercises

A female patient with a UTI also has renal calculi. The nurse knows that these are most likely which type of stone? a. cystine b. struvite c. uric acid d. calcium phosphat

b

A female patient, weighing 180 pounds, with a UTI has a nursing diagnosis of risk for infection related to lack of knowledge regarding prevention of recurrence. What should the nurse include in the teaching plan instructions for this patient? a. empty the bladder at least 4 times a day b. drink at least 2 quarts of water everyday c. wait to urinate until the urge is very intense d. clean the urinary meatus with an antiinfective after voiding

b

A patient has a right ureteral catheter placed following a lithotripsy for a stone in the ureter. In caring for the patient after the procedure, what is an appropriate nursing action? a. Milk or strip the catheter every 2 hours. b. Measure ureteral urinary drainage every 1 to 2 hours. c. Irrigate the catheter with 30-mL sterile saline every 4 hours. d. Encourage ambulation to promote urinary peristaltic action.

b

A teaching plan developed by the nurse for the patient with a new ileal conduit includes instructions to do what? a. clean the skin around the stoma with alcohol every day b. use a wickk to keep the skin dry during appliance changes c. use sterile supplies and technique during care of the stoma d. change the appliance every day and wash it with soap and warm water

b

During assessment of the patient who has an open nephrectomy, what should the nurse expect to find? a. shallow, slow respiration b. clear breath sounds in all lung fields c. decreased breath sounds in the lower left lobe d. decreased breath sounds in the right and left lower lobes

b

Following electrohydraulic lithotripsy for treatment of renal calculi, the patient has a nursing diagnosis of risk for infection related to the introduction of bacteria following manipulation of the urinary tract. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention for this patient? a. monitor for hematuria b. encourage fluid intake of 3L/day c. apply moist heat to the flank area d. strain all urine through gauze or a special strainer

b

In providing care for the patient with adult-onset polycystic kidney disease, what should the nurse do? a. Help the patient to cope with the rapid progression of the disease b. Suggest genetic counseling resources for the children of the patient c. Expect the patient to have polyuria and poor concentration ability of the kidneys d. Implement measures for the patient's deafness and blindness in addition to the renal problems

b

18. When teaching the patient with type 1 diabetes, what should the nurse emphasize as the major advantage of using an insulin pump? a. Tight glycemic control can be maintained. b. Errors in insulin dosing are less likely to occur. c. Complications of insulin therapy are prevented. d. Frequent blood glucose monitoring is unnecessary.

a. Tight glycemic control can be maintained.

7. The nurse completing a physical assessment for a newly admitted male patient is unable to feel either kidney on palpation. Which action should the nurse take next? a. Obtain a urine specimen to check for hematuria. b. Document the information on the assessment form. c. Ask the patient about any history of recent sore throat. d. Ask the health care provider about scheduling a renal ultrasound.

b. Document the information on the assessment form.

6. A 79-year-old man has been admitted with benign prostatic hyperplasia. What is most appropriate to include in the nursing plan of care? a. Limit fluid intake to no more than 1000 mL/day. b. Leave a light on in the bathroom during the night. c. Ask the patient to use a urinal so that urine can be measured. d. Pad the patient's bed to accommodate overflow incontinence.

b. Leave a light on in the bathroom during the night.

8. How will the nurse assess for flank tenderness in a 30-year-old female patient with suspected pyelonephritis? a. Palpate along both sides of the lumbar vertebral column. b. Strike a flat hand covering the costovertebral angle (CVA). c. Push fingers upward into the two lowest intercostal spaces. d. Percuss between the iliac crest and ribs along the midaxillary line.

b. Strike a flat hand covering the costovertebral angle (CVA).

11. A patient gives the nurse health information before a scheduled intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which item has the most immediate implications for the patient's care? a. The patient has not had food or drink for 8 hours. b. The patient lists allergies to shellfish and penicillin. c. The patient complains of costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness. d. The patient used a bisacodyl (Dulcolax) tablet the previous night.

b. The patient lists allergies to shellfish and penicillin.

10. The nurse assessing the urinary system of a 45-year-old female would use auscultation to a. determine kidney position. b. identify renal artery bruits. c. check for ureteral peristalsis. d. assess for bladder distention.

b. identify renal artery bruits.

15. A female patient with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) is to provide a clean-catch urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing. To obtain the specimen, the nurse will a. have the patient empty the bladder completely, then obtain the next urine specimen that the patient is able to void. b. teach the patient to clean the urethral area, void a small amount into the toilet, and then void into a sterile specimen cup. c. insert a short sterile "mini" catheter attached to a collecting container into the urethra and bladder to obtain the specimen. d. clean the area around the meatus with a povidone-iodine (Betadine) swab, and then have the patient void into a sterile container.

b. teach the patient to clean the urethral area, void a small amount into the toilet, and then void into a sterile specimen cup.

13. The nurse caring for a patient after cystoscopy plans that the patient a. learns to request narcotics for pain. b. understands to expect blood-tinged urine. c. restricts activity to bed rest for a 4 to 6 hours. d. remains NPO for 8 hours to prevent vomiting.

b. understands to expect blood-tinged urine.

After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first? a. 19-year-old with type 1 diabetes who has a hemoglobin A1C of 12% b. 23-year-old with type 1 diabetes who has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL c. 40-year-old who is pregnant and whose oral glucose tolerance test is 202 mg/dL d. 50-year-old who uses exenatide (Byetta) and is complaining of acute abdominal pain

b. 23-year-old with type 1 diabetes who has a blood glucose of 40 mg/dL

The nurse is preparing to teach a 43-year-old man who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes about home management of the disease. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Ask the patient's family to participate in the diabetes education program. b. Assess the patient's perception of what it means to have diabetes mellitus. c. Demonstrate how to check glucose using capillary blood glucose monitoring. d. Discuss the need for the patient to actively participate in diabetes management.

b. Assess the patient's perception of what it means to have diabetes mellitus.

20. Which class of oral glucose-lowering agents is most commonly used for people with type 2 diabetes because it reduces hepatic glucose production and enhances tissue uptake of glucose? a. Insulin c. Meglitinide b. Biguanide d. Sulfonylurea

b. Biguanide

An active 28-year-old male with type 1 diabetes is being seen in the endocrine clinic. Which finding may indicate the need for a change in therapy? a. Hemoglobin A1C level 6.2% b. Blood pressure 146/88 mmHg c. Heart rate at rest 58 beats/minute d. High density lipoprotein (HDL) level 65 mg/dL

b. Blood pressure 146/88 mmHg

Which assessment finding for a patient who has just been admitted with acute pyelonephritis is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider? a. Complaint of flank pain b. Blood pressure 90/48 mm Hg c. Cloudy and foul-smelling urine d. Temperature 100.1° F (57.8° C)

b. Blood pressure 90/48 mm Hg

16. Delegation Decision: The following interventions are planned for a diabetic patient. Which intervention can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? a. Discuss complications of diabetes. b. Check that the bath water is not too hot. c. Check the patient's technique for drawing up insulin. d. Teach the patient to use a meter for self-monitoring of blood glucose.

b. Check that the bath water is not too hot.

Which urinalysis results most likely indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI)? a. Yellow; protein 6 mg/dL; pH 6.8; 102/mL bacteria b. Cloudy, yellow; WBC >5/hpf; pH 8.2; numerous casts c. Cloudy, brown; ammonia odor; specific gravity 1.030; RBC 3/hpf d. Clear; colorless; glucose: trace; ketones: trace; osmolality 500 mOsm/kg (500 mmol/kg)

b. Cloudy, yellow; WBC >5/hpf; pH 8.2; numerous casts

12. When teaching the patient with diabetes about insulin administration, the nurse should include which instruction for the patient? a. Pull back on the plunger after inserting the needle to check for blood. b. Consistently use the same size of insulin syringe to avoid dosing errors. c. Clean the skin at the injection site with an alcohol swab before each injection. d. Rotate injection sites from arms to thighs to abdomen with each injection to prevent lipodystrophies

b. Consistently use the same size of insulin syringe to avoid dosing errors.

A 22-year-old female patient seen in the clinic for a bladder infection describes the following symptoms. Which information is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider? a. Urinary urgency b. Left-sided flank pain c. Intermittent hematuria d. Burning with urination

b. Left-sided flank pain

A patient has been diagnosed with urinary tract calculi that are high in uric acid. Which foods will the nurse teach the patient to avoid (select all that apply)? a. Milk b. Liver c. Spinach d. Chicken e. Cabbage f. Chocolate

b. Liver d. Chicken

The nurse is taking a health history from a 29-year-old pregnant patient at the first prenatal visit. The patient reports no personal history of diabetes but has a parent who is diabetic. Which action will the nurse plan to take first? a. Teach the patient about administering regular insulin. b. Schedule the patient for a fasting blood glucose level. c. Discuss an oral glucose tolerance test for the twenty-fourth week of pregnancy. d. Provide teaching about an increased risk for fetal problems with gestational diabetes.

b. Schedule the patient for a fasting blood glucose level.

3. Why are the hormones cortisol, glucagon, epinephrine, and growth hormone referred to as counter regulatory hormones? a. Decrease glucose production b. Stimulate glucose output by the liver c. Increase glucose transport into the cells d. Independently regulate glucose level in the blood

b. Stimulate glucose output by the liver

Priority Decision: Following a renal biopsy, what is the nurse's priority? a. Offer warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort. b. Test urine for microscopic bleeding with a dipstick. c. Expect the patient to experience burning on urination. d. Monitor the patient for symptoms of a urinary infection.

b. Test urine for microscopic bleeding with a dipstick.

The nurse will plan to teach a 27-year-old female who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes daily about the increased risk for a. kidney stones. b. bladder cancer. c. bladder infection. d. interstitial cystitis.

b. bladder cancer.

The nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient who is self-monitoring blood glucose a. washes the puncture site using warm water and soap. b. chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad. c. hangs the arm down for a minute before puncturing the site. d. says the result of 120 mg indicates good blood sugar control.

b. chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad.

*3. The immunologic mechanisms involved in acute poststreptococal glomerulonephritis include:* a. tubular blocking by precipitates of bacteria and antibody reactions b. deposition of immune complexes and complement along the GBM c. thickening of the GBM from autoimmune microangiopathic changes d. destruction of glomeruli by proteolytic enzymes contained in the GBM

b. deposition of immune complexes and complement along the GBM

A patient who had surgery for creation of an ileal conduit 3 days ago will not look at the stoma and requests that only the ostomy nurse specialist does the stoma care. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of a. anxiety related to effects of procedure on lifestyle. b. disturbed body image related to change in function. c. readiness for enhanced coping related to need for information. d. self-care deficit, toileting, related to denial of altered body function.

b. disturbed body image related to change in function.

A patient with kidney disease has oliguria and a creatinine clearance of 40 mL/min. These findings most directly reflect abnormal function of a. tubular secretion b. glomerular filtration c. capillary permeability d. concentration of filtrate

b. glomerular filtration

A 34-year-old male patient seen at the primary care clinic complains of feeling continued fullness after voiding and a split, spraying urine stream. The nurse will ask about a history of a. recent kidney trauma. b. gonococcal urethritis. c. recurrent bladder infection. d. benign prostatic hyperplasia.

b. gonococcal urethritis.

When planning teaching for a 59-year-old male patient with benign nephrosclerosis the nurse should include instructions regarding a. preventing bleeding with anticoagulants. b. monitoring and recording blood pressure. c. obtaining and documenting daily weights. d. measuring daily intake and output volumes.

b. monitoring and recording blood pressure.

*10. A patient with ureterolithotomy returns from surgery with a nephrostomy tube in place. Postoperative nursing care of the patient includes:* a.encourage the patient to drink fruit juices and milk b.encouraging fluids of at least 2-3 L/day after nausea has subsided c. irrigating the nephrostomy tube with 10ml of NS solution as needed d. notifying the physician if nephrostomy tube drainage is more than 30ml/hr

b.encouraging fluids of at least 2-3 L/day after nausea has subsided

*8. The nurse identifies a risk factor for kidney and bladder cancer in a patient who relates a history of* a.aspirin use b.tobacco use c.chronic alcohol abuse d.use of artificial sweeteners

b.tobacco use

*2. The nurse teaches the female paitent who has frequent UTIs that she should* a. take tub baths with bubble bath b.urinate before and after sexual intercourse c.take prophylactic sufonamides for the rest of her life d. restrict fluid intake to prevent the need for frequent voiding

b.urinate before and after sexual intercourse

A woman with no history of UTIs who is experiencing urgency, frequency, and dysuria comes to the clinic, where a dipstick and microscopic urinalysis indicate bacteriuria. What should the nurse anticipate for this patient? a. Obtaining a clean-catch midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity b. No treatment with medication unless she develops fever, chills, and flank pain c. Empirical treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, Bactrim) for 3 days d. Need to have a blood specimen drawn for a complete blood count (CBC) and kidney function tests

c

Glomerulonephritis is characterized by glomerular damage caused by: a. growth of microorgasnisms in the glomeruli b. release of bacterial substances toxic to the glomeruli c. accumulation of immune complexes in the glomeruli d. Hemolysis of RBCs circulating in the glomeruli

c

On assessment of the patient with a renal calculus passing down the ureter, what should the nurse expect the patient to report? a. history of chronic UTIs b. Dull, costovertebral flank pain c. severe, colicky back pain radiating to the groin d. a feeling of bladder fullness with urgency and frequency

c

Thirty percent of patients with kidney cancer have metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Why does this occur? a. The only treatment modalities for the disease are palliative. b. Diagnostic tests are not available to detect tumors before they metastasize. c. Classic symptoms of hematuria and palpable mass do not occur until the disease is advanced. d. Early metastasis to the brain impairs the patient's ability to recognize the seriousness of symptoms.

c

To assist the patient with stress incontinence, what is the best thing the nurse should teach the patient to do? a. Void every 2 hours to prevent leakage. b. Use absorptive perineal pads to contain urine. c. Perform pelvic floor muscle exercises 40 to 50 times per day. d. Increase intraabdominal pressure during voiding to empty the bladder completely.

c

What can patients at risk for nephrolithiasis do to prevent stones in many cases? a. lead an active lifestyle b. limit protein and acidic foods in the diet c. drink enough fluids to produce dilute urine d. take prophylactic antibiotics to control UTIs

c

What is included in nursing care that applies to the management of all urinary catheters in hospitalized patients? a. measuring urine output every 1 to 2 hours to ensure patency b. turning the patient frequently from side to side to promote drainage c. using strict sterile technique during irrigation and obtaining culture specimens d. daily cleaning of the catheter insertion site with soap and water and application of lotion

c

What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis resulting from an ascending infection from the lower urinary tract? a. the kidney is scarred and fibrotic b. the organism is resistant to antibiotics c. there is a preexisting abnormality of the urinary tract d. the patient does not take all of the antibiotics for treatment of a UTI

c

What results in the edema associated with nephrotic syndrome? a. Hypercoagulability b. Hyperalbuminemia c. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure d. Decreased glomerular filtration rate

c

26. The nurse assesses the diabetic patient's technique of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) 3 months after initial instruction. Which error in the performance of SMBG noted by the nurse requires intervention? a. Doing the SMBG before and after exercising b. Puncturing the finger on the side of the finger pad c. Cleaning the puncture site with alcohol before the puncture d. Holding the hand down for a few minutes before the puncture

c. Cleaning the puncture site with alcohol before the puncture

Which test is most specific for renal function? a. Renal scan b. Serum creatinine c. Creatinine clearance d. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

c. Creatinine clearance

The nurse observes unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) taking the following actions when caring for a female patient with a urethral catheter. Which action requires that the nurse intervene? a. Taping the catheter to the skin on the patient's upper inner thigh b. Cleaning around the patient's urinary meatus with soap and water c. Disconnecting the catheter from the drainage tube to obtain a specimen d. Using an alcohol-based gel hand cleaner before performing catheter care

c. Disconnecting the catheter from the drainage tube to obtain a specimen

A 28-year-old male patient is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which information is most appropriate for the nurse to include in teaching at this time? a. Complications of renal transplantation b. Methods for treating severe chronic pain c. Discussion of options for genetic counseling d. Differences between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

c. Discussion of options for genetic counseling

The mother of an 8-year-old girl has brought her child to the clinic because she is wetting the bed at night. What terminology should the nurse use when documenting this situation? a. Ascites b. Dysuria c. Enuresis d. Urgency

c. Enuresis

A 32-year-old patient with a history of polycystic kidney disease is admitted to the surgical unit after having shoulder surgery. Which of the routine postoperative orders is most important for the nurse to discuss with the health care provider? a. Infuse 5% dextrose in normal saline at 75 mL/hr. b. Order regular diet after patient is awake and alert. c. Give ketorolac (Toradol) 10 mg PO PRN for pain. d. Draw blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in 2 hours.

c. Give ketorolac (Toradol) 10 mg PO PRN for pain.

A few weeks after an 82-year-old with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been placed on metformin (Glucophage) therapy and taught about appropriate diet and exercise, the home health nurse makes a visit. Which finding by the nurse is most important to discuss with the health care provider? a. Hemoglobin A1C level is 7.9%. b. Last eye exam was 18 months ago. c. Glomerular filtration rate is decreased. d. Patient has questions about the prescribed diet.

c. Glomerular filtration rate is decreased.

31. What describes the primary difference in treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? a. DKA requires administration of bicarbonate to correct acidosis. b. Potassium replacement is not necessary in management of HHS. c. HHS requires greater fluid replacement to correct the dehydration. d. Administration of glucose is withheld in HHS until the blood glucose reaches a normal level.

c. HHS requires greater fluid replacement to correct the dehydration.

A 63-year-old male patient had a cystectomy with an ileal conduit yesterday. Which new assessment data is most important for the nurse to communicate to the physician? a. Cloudy appearing urine b. Hypotonic bowel sounds c. Heart rate 102 beats/minute d. Continuous stoma drainage

c. Heart rate 102 beats/minute

32. The patient with newly diagnosed diabetes is displaying shakiness, confusion, irritability, and slurred speech. What should the nurse suspect is happening? a. DKA c. Hypoglycemia b. HHS d. Hyperglycemia

c. Hypoglycemia

Which diagnostic study would include assessing for iodine sensitivity, teaching the patient to take a cathartic the night before the procedure, and telling the patient that a salty taste may occur during the procedure? a. Cystometrogram b. Renal arteriogram c. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) d. Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

c. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

19. Priority Decision: A patient taking insulin has recorded fasting glucose levels above 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) on awakening for the last five mornings. What should the nurse advise the patient to do first? a. Increase the evening insulin dose to prevent the dawn phenomenon. b. Use a single-dose insulin regimen with an intermediate-acting insulin. c. Monitor the glucose level at bedtime, between 2:00 am and 4:00 am, and on arising. d. Decrease the evening insulin dosage to prevent night hypoglycemia and the Somogyi effect.

c. Monitor the glucose level at bedtime, between 2:00 am and 4:00 am, and on arising

A patient who was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to a urinary tract infection has been weaned off an insulin drip 30 minutes ago. The patient reports feeling lightheaded and sweaty. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Infuse dextrose 50% by slow IV push. b. Administer 1 mg glucagon subcutaneously. c. Obtain a glucose reading using a finger stick. d. Have the patient drink 4 ounces of orange juice.

c. Obtain a glucose reading using a finger stick.

22. Priority Decision: The nurse is assessing a newly admitted diabetic patient. Which observation should be addressed as the priority by the nurse? a. Bilateral numbness of both hands b. Stage II pressure ulcer on the right heel c. Rapid respirations with deep inspiration d. Areas of lumps and dents on the abdomen

c. Rapid respirations with deep inspiration

After change-of-shift report, which patient will the nurse assess first? a. 19-year-old with type 1 diabetes who was admitted with possible dawn phenomenon b. 35-year-old with type 1 diabetes whose most recent blood glucose reading was 230 mg/dL c. 60-year-old with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who has poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa d. 68-year-old with type 2 diabetes who has severe peripheral neuropathy and complains of burning foot pain

c. 60-year-old with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome who has poor skin turgor and dry oral mucosa

8. Which patient should the nurse plan to teach how to prevent or delay the development of diabetes? a. An obese 50-year-old Hispanic woman b. A child whose father has type 1 diabetes c. A 34-year-old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes d. A 12-year-old boy whose father has maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)

c. A 34-year-old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes

Which statement by a nurse to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is correct? a. Insulin is not used to control blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. b. Complications of type 2 diabetes are less serious than those of type 1 diabetes. c. Changes in diet and exercise may control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. d. Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed when the patient is admitted with a hyperglycemic coma.

c. Changes in diet and exercise may control blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.

The health care provider suspects the Somogyi effect in a 50-year-old patient whose 6:00 AM blood glucose is 230 mg/dL. Which action will the nurse teach the patient to take? a. Avoid snacking at bedtime. b. Increase the rapid-acting insulin dose. c. Check the blood glucose during the night d. Administer a larger dose of long-acting insulin.

c. Check the blood glucose during the night

Which finding by the nurse will be most helpful in determining whether a 67-year-old patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia has an upper urinary tract infection (UTI)? a. Bladder distention b. Foul-smelling urine c. Suprapubic discomfort d. Costovertebral tenderness

d. Costovertebral tenderness

A 78-year-old man asks the nurse why he has to urinate so much at night. The nurse should explain to the patient that as an older adult, what may contribute to his nocturia? a. Decreased renal mass b. Decreased detrusor muscle tone c. Decreased ability to conserve sodium d. Decreased ability to concentrate urine

d. Decreased ability to concentrate urine

Which assessment finding is most important to report to the health care provider regarding a patient who has had left-sided extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy? a. Blood in urine b. Left flank bruising c. Left flank discomfort d. Decreased urine output

d. Decreased urine output

5. Which laboratory results would indicate that the patient has prediabetes? a. Glucose tolerance result of 132 mg/dL b. Glucose tolerance result of 240 mg/dL c. Fasting blood glucose result of 80 mg/dL d. Fasting blood glucose result of 120 mg/dL

d. Fasting blood glucose result of 120 mg/dL

A 55-year-old woman admitted for shoulder surgery asks the nurse for a perineal pad, stating that laughing or coughing causes leakage of urine. Which intervention is most appropriate to include in the care plan? a. Assist the patient to the bathroom q3hr. b. Place a commode at the patient's bedside. c. Demonstrate how to perform the Credé maneuver. d. Teach the patient how to perform Kegel exercises.

d. Teach the patient how to perform Kegel exercises.

Which action by a patient indicates that the home health nurse's teaching about glargine and regular insulin has been successful? a. The patient administers the glargine 30 minutes before each meal. b. The patient's family prefills the syringes with the mix of insulins weekly. c. The patient draws up the regular insulin and then the glargine in the same syringe. d. The patient disposes of the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks.

d. The patient disposes of the open vials of glargine and regular insulin after 4 weeks.

The nurse is interviewing a new patient with diabetes who receives rosiglitazone (Avandia) through a restricted access medication program. What is most important for the nurse to report immediately to the health care provider? a. The patient's blood pressure is 154/92. b. The patient has a history of emphysema. c. The patient's blood glucose is 86 mg/dL. d. The patient has chest pressure when walking.

d. The patient has chest pressure when walking.

A 28-year-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and glucose control. Which behavior indicates that the nurse should implement additional teaching? a. The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise. b. The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL. c. The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride. d. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.

d. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.

Which finding indicates a need to contact the health care provider before the nurse administers metformin (Glucophage)? a. The patient's blood glucose level is 174 mg/dL. b. The patient has gained 2 lb (0.9 kg) since yesterday. c. The patient is scheduled for a chest x-ray in an hour. d. The patient's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 52 mg/dL.

d. The patient's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 52 mg/dL.

Which finding for a patient admitted with glomerulonephritis indicates to the nurse that treatment has been effective? a. The patient denies pain with voiding. b. The urine dipstick is negative for nitrites. c. The antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer is decreased. d. The periorbital and peripheral edema is resolved.

d. The periorbital and peripheral edema is resolved.

The nurse identifies a risk for urinary calculi in a patient who relates a past health history that includes a. hyperaldosteronism b. serotonin deficiency c. adrenal insufficiency d. hyperparathyroidism

d. hyperparathyroidism

11. The nurse determines that a patient with a 2-hour OGTT of 152 mg/dL has a. diabetes. c. impaired fasting glucose. b. elevated A1C. d. impaired glucose tolerance.

d. impaired glucose tolerance.

17. The home care nurse should intervene to correct a patient whose insulin administration includes a. warming a prefilled refrigerated syringe in the hands before administration. b. storing syringes prefilled with NPH and regular insulin needle-up in the refrigerator. c. placing the insulin bottle currently in use in a small container on the bathroom countertop. d. mixing an evening dose of regular insulin with insulin glargine in one syringe for administration.

d. mixing an evening dose of regular insulin with insulin glargine in one syringe for administration.

A hospitalized diabetic patient received 38 U of NPH insulin at 7:00 AM. At 1:00 PM, the patient has been away from the nursing unit for 2 hours, missing the lunch delivery while awaiting a chest x-ray. To prevent hypoglycemia, the best action by the nurse is to a. save the lunch tray for the patient's later return to the unit. b. ask that diagnostic testing area staff to start a 5% dextrose IV. c. send a glass of milk or orange juice to the patient in the diagnostic testing area. d. request that if testing is further delayed, the patient be returned to the unit to eat.

d. request that if testing is further delayed, the patient be returned to the unit to eat.

On reading the urinalysis results of a dehydrated patient, the nurse would expect to find a. a pH of 8.4 b. RBCs of 4/hpf c. color: yellow, cloudy d. specific gravity of 1.035

d. specific gravity of 1.035

*7. The nurse recommends genetic counseling for the children of a patient with* a.nephrotic syndrome b.chronic pyelonephritis c. malignant nephrosclerosis d.adult onset polycystic kidney disease

d.adult onset polycystic kidney disease

*5.The edema that occurs in nephrotic syndrome is due to* a. increased hydrostatic pressure caused by sodium retention. b. decreased aldosterone secretion from adrenal insufficiency. c. increased fluid retention caused by decreased glomerular filtration d.decreased colloidal osmotic pressure caused by loss of serum albumin

d.decreased colloidal osmotic pressure caused by loss of serum albumin

When working with patients with urologic problems, which nursing interventions could be delegated to UAP? (SATA) a. assess need for catheterization b. use bladder scanner to estimate residual urine c. teach patient pelvic floor muscle (Kegel) exercises d. insert indwelling catheter for uncomplicated patient e. assist incontinent patient to commode at regular intervals f. provide perineal care with soap and water around a urinary catheter

e, f

Which statement accurately describes glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? a. The primary function of GFR is to excrete nitrogenous waste products. b. Decreased permeability in the glomerulus causes loss of proteins into the urine. c. The GFR is primarily dependent on adequate blood flow and adequate hydrostatic pressure. d. The GFR is decreased with prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased renal blood flow.

c. The GFR is primarily dependent on adequate blood flow and adequate hydrostatic pressure.

29. The nurse should observe the patient for symptoms of ketoacidosis when a. illnesses causing nausea and vomiting lead to bicarbonate loss with body fluids. b. glucose levels become so high that osmotic diuresis promotes fluid and electrolyte loss. c. an insulin deficit causes the body to metabolize large amounts of fatty acids rather than glucose for energy. d. the patient skips meals after taking insulin, leading to rapid metabolism of glucose and breakdown of fats for energy.

c. an insulin deficit causes the body to metabolize large amounts of fatty acids rather than glucose for energy.

When preparing a female patient with bladder cancer for intravesical chemotherapy, the nurse will teach about a. premedicating to prevent nausea. b. obtaining wigs and scarves to wear. c. emptying the bladder before the medication. d. maintaining oral care during the treatments.

c. emptying the bladder before the medication.

A 48-year-old male patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L). The nurse will plan to teach the patient about a. self-monitoring of blood glucose. b. using low doses of regular insulin. c. lifestyle changes to lower blood glucose. d. effects of oral hypoglycemic medications.

c. lifestyle changes to lower blood glucose.

A 26-year-old female with type 1 diabetes develops a sore throat and runny nose after caring for her sick toddler. The patient calls the clinic for advice about her symptoms and a blood glucose level of 210 mg/dL despite taking her usual glargine (Lantus) and lispro (Humalog) insulin. The nurse advises the patient to a. use only the lispro insulin until the symptoms are resolved. b. limit intake of calories until the glucose is less than 120 mg/dL. c. monitor blood glucose every 4 hours and notify the clinic if it continues to rise. d. decrease intake of carbohydrates until glycosylated hemoglobin is less than 7%.

c. monitor blood glucose every 4 hours and notify the clinic if it continues to rise.

Diminished ability to concentrate urine, associated with aging of the urinary system, is attributed to a. a decrease in bladder sensory receptors b. a decrease in the number of functioning nephrons c. decreased function of the loop of Henle and tubules d. thickening of the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule

c. thickening of the basement membrane of Bowman's capsule

A patient with bladder cancer undergoes cystectomy with formation of an ileal conduit. During the patient's first postoperative day, what should the nurse plan to do? a. measure and fit the stoma for a permanent appliance b. encourage high oral intake to flush mucus from the conduit c. teach the patient to self catheterize the stoma every 4 to 6 hours d. empty the drainage bag every 2 to 3 hours and measure the urinary output

d

A patient with suprapubic pain and symptoms or urinary frequency and urgency has two negative urine cultures. What is one assessment finding that would indicate interstitial cystitis? a. residual urine greater than 200 mL b. a large atonic bladder on urodynamic testing c. a voiding pattern that indicates psychogenic urinary retention d. pain with bladder filling that is transiently relieved by urination

d

What manifestation in the patient will indicate the need for restriction of dietary protein in management of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? a. hematuria b. proteinuria c. hypertension d. elevated BUN

d

When caring for a patient with interstitial cystitis, what can the nurse teach the patient to do? a. avoid foods that make urine more alkaline b. use high-potency vitamin therapy to decrease the autoimmune effects of the disorder c. always keep a voiding diary to document pain, voiding frequency, and patterns of nocturia d. use the dietary supplement calcium glycerphosphate (Prelief) to decrease bladder irritation

d

Which disease causes connective tissue changes that cause glomerulonephritis? a. Gout b. Amyloidosis c. Diabetes mellitus d. Systemic lupus erythematosus

d

Which infection is asymptomatic in the male patient at first and then progresses to cystitis, frequent urination, burning on voiding, and epididymitis? a. Urosepsis b. Urethral diverticula c. Goodpasture syndrome d. Genitourinary tuberculosis

d

Which test is required for a diagnosis of pyelonephritis? a. Renal biopsy b. Blood culture c. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) d. Urine for culture and sensitivity

d

Which characteristics are associated with urge incontinence? (SATA) a. treated with Kegel exercises b. found following prostatectomy c. Common in postmenopausal women d. Involuntary urination preceded by urgency e. caused by overactivitiy of the detrusor muscle f. bladder contracts by reflex, overriding central inhibition

d, e, f

1. To assess whether there is any improvement in a patient's dysuria, which question will the nurse ask? a. "Do you have to urinate at night?" b. "Do you have blood in your urine?" c. "Do you have to urinate frequently?" d. "Do you have pain when you urinate?"

d. "Do you have pain when you urinate?"

21. Which statement by a patient who had a cystoscopy the previous day should be reported immediately to the health care provider? a. "My urine looks pink." b. "My IV site is bruised." c. "My sleep was restless." d. "My temperature is 101."

d. "My temperature is 101."

17. Which nursing action is essential for a patient immediately after a renal biopsy? a. Check blood glucose to assess for hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. b. Insert a urinary catheter and test urine for gross or microscopic hematuria. c. Monitor the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine to assess renal function. d. Apply a pressure dressing and keep the patient on the affected side for 30 minutes.

d. Apply a pressure dressing and keep the patient on the affected side for 30 minutes.

23. When working in the urology/nephrology clinic, which patient could the nurse delegate to an experienced licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)? a. Patient who is scheduled for a renal biopsy after a recent kidney transplant b. Patient who will need monitoring for several hours after a renal arteriogram c. Patient who requires teaching about possible post-cystoscopy complications d. Patient who will have catheterization to check for residual urine after voiding

d. Patient who will have catheterization to check for residual urine after voiding

The nurse has been teaching a patient with type 2 diabetes about managing blood glucose levels and taking glipizide (Glucotrol). Which patient statement indicates a need for additional teaching? a. "If I overeat at a meal, I will still take the usual dose of medication." b. "Other medications besides the Glucotrol may affect my blood sugar." c. "When I am ill, I may have to take insulin to control my blood sugar." d. "My diabetes won't cause complications because I don't need insulin."

d. "My diabetes won't cause complications because I don't need insulin."

Priority Decision: After a patient had a renal arteriogram and is back on the clinical unit, what is the most important action by the nurse? a. Observe for gross bleeding in the urine. b. Place the patient in high Fowler's position. c. Monitor the patient for signs of allergy to the contrast medium. d. Assess peripheral pulses in the involved leg every 30 to 60 minutes.

d. Assess peripheral pulses in the involved leg every 30 to 60 minutes.

A 68-year-old female patient admitted to the hospital with dehydration is confused and incontinent of urine. Which nursing action will be best to include in the plan of care? a. Restrict fluids between meals and after the evening meal. b. Apply absorbent incontinent pads liberally over the bed linens. c. Insert an indwelling catheter until the symptoms have resolved. d. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours during the day.

d. Assist the patient to the bathroom every 2 hours during the day.

14. Lispro insulin (Humalog) with NPH insulin is ordered for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse knows that when lispro insulin is used, when should it be administered? a. Only once a day b. 1 hour before meals c. 30 to 45 minutes before meals d. At mealtime or within 15 minutes of meals

d. At mealtime or within 15 minutes of meals

What nursing responsibilities are done to obtain a clean-catch urine specimen from a patient (select all that apply)? a. Use sterile container. b. Must start the test with full bladder. c. Insert catheter immediately after voiding. d. Have the patient void, stop, and void in container. e. Have the patient clean the meatus before voiding.

26. a, d, e.

The patient has a thoracic spinal cord lesion and incontinence that occurs equally during the day and night. What type of incontinence is this patient experiencing? a. Reflex incontinence b. Overflow incontinence c. Functional incontinence d. Incontinence after trauma

a

Which characteristic is more likely with acute pyelonephritis than with a lower UTI? a. fever b. dysuria c. urgency d. frequency

a

Which statement by the patient indicates a need for additional instruction in administering insulin? a. "I need to rotate injection sites among my arms, legs, and abdomen each day." b. "I can buy the 0.5 mL syringes because the line markings will be easier to see." c. "I should draw up the regular insulin first after injecting air into the NPH bottle." d. "I do not need to aspirate the plunger to check for blood before injecting insulin."

a. "I need to rotate injection sites among my arms, legs, and abdomen each day."

A 44-year-old patient is unable to void after having an open loop resection and fulguration of the bladder. Which nursing action should be implemented first? a. Assist the patient to soak in a 15-minute sitz bath. b. Insert a straight urethral catheter and drain the bladder. c. Encourage the patient to drink several glasses of water. d. Teach the patient how to do isometric perineal exercises.

a. Assist the patient to soak in a 15-minute sitz bath.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has had an ileal conduit for several years. Which nursing action could be delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? a. Change the ostomy appliance. b. Choose the appropriate ostomy bag. c. Monitor the appearance of the stoma. d. Assess for possible urinary tract infection (UTI).

a. Change the ostomy appliance.

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with possible renal trauma after an automobile accident. Which prescribed intervention will the nurse implement first? a. Check blood pressure and heart rate. b. Administer morphine sulfate 4 mg IV. c. Transport to radiology for an intravenous pyelogram. d. Insert a urethral catheter and obtain a urine specimen.

a. Check blood pressure and heart rate.

Which information will the nurse include in teaching a female patient who has peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy of the feet and legs? a. Choose flat-soled leather shoes. b. Set heating pads on a low temperature. c. Use callus remover for corns or calluses. d. Soak feet in warm water for an hour each day.

a. Choose flat-soled leather shoes.

What is the most likely reason that the BUN would be increased in a patient? a. Has impaired renal function b. Has not eaten enough protein c. Has decreased urea in the urine d. May have nonrenal tissue destruction

a. Has impaired renal function

A patient in the urology clinic is diagnosed with monilial urethritis. Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care? a. Teach the patient about the use of antifungal medications. b. Tell the patient to avoid tub baths until the symptoms resolve. c. Instruct the patient to refer recent sexual partners for treatment. d. Teach the patient to avoid nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

a. Teach the patient about the use of antifungal medications.

With which diagnosis will the patient benefit from being taught to do self-catheterization? a. Renal trauma b. Urethral stricture c. Renal artery stenosis d. Accelerated nephrosclerosis

b

Which volume of urine in the bladder would cause discomfort and require urinary catheterization? a. 250 mL b. 500 mL c. 1200 mL d. 1500 mL

b. 500 mL

The male patient is admitted with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). What urination characteristics should the nurse expect to assess in this patient? a. Oliguria b. Hesitancy c. Hematuria d. Pneumaturia

b. Hesitancy

37. Which statement best describes atherosclerotic disease affecting the cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and peripheral vascular systems in patients with diabetes? a. It can be prevented by tight glucose control. b. It occurs with a higher frequency and earlier onset than in the nondiabetic population. c. It is caused by the hyperinsulinemia related to insulin resistance common in type 2 diabetes. d. It cannot be modified by reduction of risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and high fat intake.

b. It occurs with a higher frequency and earlier onset than in the nondiabetic population.

A urinalysis of a urine specimen that is not processed within 1 hour may result in erroneous measurement of a. glucose. b. bacteria. c. specific gravity. d. white blood cells.

b. bacteria.

An unresponsive patient with type 2 diabetes is brought to the emergency department and diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). The nurse will anticipate the need to a. give a bolus of 50% dextrose. b. insert a large-bore IV catheter. c. initiate oxygen by nasal cannula. d. administer glargine (Lantus) insulin.

b. insert a large-bore IV catheter.

It is most important that the nurse ask a patient admitted with acute glomerulonephritis about a. history of kidney stones. b. recent sore throat and fever. c. history of high blood pressure. d. frequency of bladder infections.

b. recent sore throat and fever.

To prevent recurrence of uric acid renal calculi, the nurse teaches the patient to avoid eating a. milk and cheese. b. sardines and liver. c. legumes and dried fruit. d. spinach, chocolate, and tea.

b. sardines and liver.

Which type of urinary tract calculi are the most common and frequently obstruct the ureter? a. Cystine b. Uric acid c. Calcium oxalate d. Calcium phosphate

c

While caring for a 77 year old woman who has a urinary catheter, the nurse monitors the patient for the development of a UTI. What clinical manifestations is the patient likely to experience? a. cloudy urine and fever b. urethral burning and bloody urine c. vague abdominal discomfort and disorientation d. suprapubic pain and slight decline in body temperature

c

Which drugs are used to treat overflow incontinence? (SATA) a. Baclofen b. Anticholinergic drugs c. alpha-adrenergic blockers d. 5alpha-reductase inhibitors e. bethanechol

c, d, e

22. Which assessment of a 62-year-old patient who has just had an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) requires immediate action by the nurse? a. The heart rate is 58 beats/minute. b. The patient complains of a dry mouth. c. The respiratory rate is 38 breaths/minute. d. The urine output is 400 mL after 2 hours.

c. The respiratory rate is 38 breaths/minute.

20. Which information from a patient's urinalysis requires that the nurse notify the health care provider? a. pH 6.2 b. Trace protein c. WBC 20 to 26/hpf d. Specific gravity 1.021

c. WBC 20 to 26/hpf

13. A patient with type 1 diabetes uses 20 U of 70/30 neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH/regular) in the morning and at 6:00 pm. When teaching the patient about this regimen, what should the nurse emphasize? a. Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur before the noon meal. b. Flexibility in food intake is possible because insulin is available 24 hours a day. c. A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. d. Premeal glucose checks are required to determine needed changes in daily dosing.

c. A set meal pattern with a bedtime snack is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia.

When a patient with type 2 diabetes is admitted for a cholecystectomy, which nursing action can the nurse delegate to a licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)? a. Communicate the blood glucose level and insulin dose to the circulating nurse in surgery. b. Discuss the reason for the use of insulin therapy during the immediate postoperative period. c. Administer the prescribed lispro (Humalog) insulin before transporting the patient to surgery. d. Plan strategies to minimize the risk for hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during the postoperative period.

c. Administer the prescribed lispro (Humalog) insulin before transporting the patient to surgery.

The nurse determines that instruction regarding prevention of future urinary tract infections (UTIs) has been effective for a 22-year-old female patient with cystitis when the patient states which of the following? a. "I can use vaginal antiseptic sprays to reduce bacteria." b. "I will drink a quart of water or other fluids every day." c. "I will wash with soap and water before sexual intercourse." d. "I will empty my bladder every 3 to 4 hours during the day."

d. "I will empty my bladder every 3 to 4 hours during the day."

what is the priority action for the nurse to take if the patient with type 2 dm complains of blurred vision and irritability? A. call the physician b. administer insulin as ordered c. check the patients blood glucose level d. assess for other neurologic symptoms

c. check the patients blood glucose level Rationale: Blood glucose testing should be performed whenever hypoglycemia is suspected so that immediate action can be taken if necessary.

Prevention of calcium oxalate stones would include dietary restriction of which foods or drinks? a. Milk and milk products b. Dried beans and dried fruits c. Liver, kidney, and sweetbreads d. Spinach, cabbage, and tomatoes

d

A 46-year-old female patient returns to the clinic with recurrent dysuria after being treated with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) for 3 days. Which action will the nurse plan to take? a. Teach the patient to take the prescribed Bactrim for 3 more days. b. Remind the patient about the need to drink 1000 mL of fluids daily. c. Obtain a midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing. d. Suggest that the patient use acetaminophen (Tylenol) to treat the symptoms.

c. Obtain a midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity testing.

What accurately describes a normal physical assessment of the urinary system by the nurse? a. Auscultates the lower abdominal quadrants for fluid sounds b. Palpates an empty bladder at the level of the symphysis pubis c. Percusses the kidney with a firm blow at the posterior costovertebral angle d. Positions the patient prone to palpate the kidneys with a posterior approach

c. Percusses the kidney with a firm blow at the posterior costovertebral angle

A patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia has a history of functional urinary incontinence. Which nursing action will be included in the plan of care? a. Demonstrate the use of the Credé maneuver. b. Teach exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor. c. Place a bedside commode close to the patient's bed. d. Use an ultrasound scanner to check postvoiding residuals.

c. Place a bedside commode close to the patient's bed.

4. A 32-year-old patient who is employed as a hairdresser and has a 15 pack-year history of cigarette smoking is scheduled for an annual physical examination. The nurse will plan to teach the patient about the increased risk for a. renal failure. b. kidney stones. c. pyelonephritis. d. bladder cancer.

d. bladder cancer.

Which assessment data reported by a 28-year-old male patient is consistent with a lower urinary tract infection (UTI)? a. Poor urine output b. Bilateral flank pain c. Nausea and vomiting d. Burning on urination

d. Burning on urination

30. What are manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (select all that apply)? a. Thirst d. Metabolic acidosis b. Ketonuria e. Kussmaul respirations c. Dehydration f. Sweet, fruity breath odor

30. a, b, c, d, e, f.

33. The patient with diabetes has a blood glucose level of 248 mg/dL. Which manifestations in the patient would the nurse understand as being related to this blood glucose level (select all that apply)? a. Headache d. Emotional changes b. Unsteady gait e. Increase in urination c. Abdominal cramps f. Weakness and fatigue

33. a, c, e, f.

38. What disorders and diseases are related to macrovascular complications of diabetes (select all that apply)? a. Chronic kidney disease b. Coronary artery disease c. Microaneurysms and destruction of retinal vessels d. Ulceration and amputation of the lower extremities e. Capillary and arteriole membrane thickening specific to diabetes

38. b, d.

39. The patient with diabetes has been diagnosed with autonomic neuropathy. What problems should the nurse expect to find in this patient (select all that apply)? a. Painless foot ulcers b. Erectile dysfunction c. Burning foot pain at night d. Loss of fine motor control e. Vomiting undigested food f. Painless myocardial infarction

39. b, e, f.

2. Which tissues require insulin to enable movement of glucose into the tissue cells (select all that apply)? a. Liver b. Brain c. Adipose d. Blood cells e. Skeletal muscle

2. c, e. Adipose, Skeletal Muscle

4. What characterizes type 2 diabetes (select all that apply)? a. β-Cell exhaustion d. Altered production of adipokines b. Insulin resistance e. Inherited defect in insulin receptors c. Genetic predisposition f. Inappropriate glucose production by the liver

A, B, C, D, E, F

After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first? a. Patient with a urethral stricture who has not voided for 12 hours b. Patient who has cloudy urine after orthotopic bladder reconstruction c. Patient with polycystic kidney disease whose blood pressure is 186/98 mm Hg d. Patient who voided bright red urine immediately after returning from lithotripsy

.a. Patient with a urethral stricture who has not voided for 12 hours

which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is accurate? A." i am supposed to have a meal or snack if i drink alcohol b. i am not allowed to eat any sweets c. i do not need to watch what i eat because my diabetes isn't the bad type d. the amy of fat in my diet is not important, just carbs.

A." i am supposed to have a meal or snack if i drink alcohol Rationale: Alcohol should be consumed with food to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.

you are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. what info is essential to include in your patent teaching before discharge? (select all that apply) A. insulin admin b. elimination of sugar c. need to reduce physical activity d. use of a portable blood glucose monitor e. hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, treatment

A. insulin admin d. use of a portable blood glucose monitor e. hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, treatment Rationale: The nurse ensures that the patient understands the proper use of insulin. The nurse teaches the patient how to use the portable blood glucose monitor and how to recognize and treat signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

which are appropriate therapies for patents with diabetes mellitus (select all that apply) A. use of statins to treat dyslipidemia b. use of diuretics to treat neuropathy c. use of ace inhibitors to treat neuropathy d. use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite e. use of laster photocoagulation to treat retinopathy

A. use of statins to treat dyslipidemia c. use of ace inhibitors to treat neuropathy e. use of laster photocoagulation to treat retinopathy Rationale: In patients with diabetes who have microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril [Prinivil, Zestril]) or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs) (e.g., losartan [Cozaar]) should be used. Both classes of drugs are used to treat hypertension and have been found to delay the progression of nephropathy in patients with diabetes. The statin drugs are the most widely used lipid-lowering agents. Laser photocoagulation therapy is indicated to reduce the risk of vision loss in patients with proliferative retinopathy, in those with macular edema, and in some cases of nonproliferative retinopathy.

To monitor for complications in a patient with type 2 diabetes, which tests will the nurse in the diabetic clinic schedule at least annually (select all that apply)? a. Chest x-ray b. Blood pressure c. Serum creatinine d. Urine for microalbuminuria e. Complete blood count (CBC) f. Monofilament testing of the foot

B C D F b. Blood pressure c. Serum creatinine d. Urine for microalbuminuria f. Monofilament testing of the foot

Which question during the assessment of a diabetic patient will help the nurse identify autonomic neuropathy? a. "Do you feel bloated after eating?" b. "Have you seen any skin changes?" c. "Do you need to increase your insulin dosage when you are stressed?" d. "Have you noticed any painful new ulcerations or sores on your feet?"

a. "Do you feel bloated after eating?"

36. Priority Decision: Two days following a self-managed hypoglycemic episode at home, the patient tells the nurse that his blood glucose levels since the episode have been between 80 and 90 mg/dL. Which is the best response by the nurse? a. "That is a good range for your glucose levels." b. "You should call your health care provider because you need to have your insulin increased." c. "That level is too low in view of your recent hypoglycemia and you should increase your food intake." d. "You should take only half your insulin dosage for the next few days to get your glucose level back to normal."

a. "That is a good range for your glucose levels."

Which urine specific gravity value would indicate to the nurse that the patient is receiving excessive IV fluid therapy? a. 1.002 b. 1.010 c. 1.025 d. 1.030

a. 1.002

A patient receives aspart (NovoLog) insulin at 8:00 AM. Which time will it be most important for the nurse to monitor for symptoms of hypoglycemia? a. 10:00 AM b. 12:00 AM c. 2:00 PM d. 4:00 PM

a. 10:00 AM

Number in sequence the following ascending pathologic changes that occur in the urinary tract in the presence of a bladder outlet obstruction. a. hydronephrosis b. reflux of urine into ureter c. bladder detrusor muscle hypertrophy d. urethral dilation e. renal atrophy f. vesicourectal reflux g. large residual urine in bladder h. chronic pylonephritis

a. 6 b. 3 c. 1 d. 4 e. 8 f. 5 g. 2 h. 7

In order to assist an older diabetic patient to engage in moderate daily exercise, which action is most important for the nurse to take? a. Determine what type of activities the patient enjoys. b. Remind the patient that exercise will improve self-esteem. c. Teach the patient about the effects of exercise on glucose level. d. Give the patient a list of activities that are moderate in intensity.

a. Determine what type of activities the patient enjoys.

The nurse has administered 4 oz of orange juice to an alert patient whose blood glucose was 62 mg/dL. Fifteen minutes later, the blood glucose is 67 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take next? a. Give the patient 4 to 6 oz more orange juice. b. Administer the PRN glucagon (Glucagon) 1 mg IM. c. Have the patient eat some peanut butter with crackers. d. Notify the health care provider about the hypoglycemia.

a. Give the patient 4 to 6 oz more orange juice.

A 27-year-old patient admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has a serum glucose level of 732 mg/dL and serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which action prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse take first? a. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor. b. Administer IV potassium supplements. c. Obtain urine glucose and ketone levels. d. Start an insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hr.

a. Place the patient on a cardiac monitor.

Which patient action indicates a good understanding of the nurse's teaching about the use of an insulin pump? a. The patient programs the pump for an insulin bolus after eating. b. The patient changes the location of the insertion site every week. c. The patient takes the pump off at bedtime and starts it again each morning. d. The patient plans for a diet that is less flexible when using the insulin pump.

a. The patient programs the pump for an insulin bolus after eating.

A female patient is scheduled for an oral glucose tolerance test. Which information from the patient's health history is most important for the nurse to communicate to the health care provider? a. The patient uses oral contraceptives. b. The patient runs several days a week. c. The patient has been pregnant three times. d. The patient has a family history of diabetes.

a. The patient uses oral contraceptives.

23. Individualized nutrition therapy for patients using conventional, fixed insulin regimens should include teaching the patient to a. eat regular meals at regular times. b. restrict calories to promote moderate weight loss. c. eliminate sucrose and other simple sugars from the diet. d. limit saturated fat intake to 30% of dietary calorie intake.

a. eat regular meals at regular times.

The male patient is Jewish, has a history of gout, and has been diagnosed with renal calculi. Which treatment will be used with this patient (select all that apply)? a. Reduce dietary oxalate b. Administer allopurinol c. Administer α-penicillamine d. Administer thiazide diuretics e. Reduce animal protein intake f. Reduce intake of milk products

b, e

25. To prevent hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia related to exercise, what should the nurse teach the patient using glucose-lowering agents about the best time for exercise? a. Only after a 15-g carbohydrate snack is eaten b. About 1 hour after eating when blood glucose levels are rising c. When glucose monitoring reveals that the blood glucose is in the normal range d. When blood glucose levels are high, because exercise always has a hypoglycemic effect

b. About 1 hour after eating when blood glucose levels are rising

A diabetic patient who has reported burning foot pain at night receives a new prescription. Which information should the nurse teach the patient about amitriptyline (Elavil)? a. Amitriptyline decreases the depression caused by your foot pain. b. Amitriptyline helps prevent transmission of pain impulses to the brain. c. Amitriptyline corrects some of the blood vessel changes that cause pain. d. Amitriptyline improves sleep and makes you less aware of nighttime pain.

b. Amitriptyline helps prevent transmission of pain impulses to the brain.

A 58-year-old male patient who is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome has ascites and 4+ leg edema. Which nursing diagnosis is a priority for the patient? a. Activity intolerance related to rapidly increased weight b. Excess fluid volume related to low serum protein levels c. Disturbed body image related to peripheral edema and ascites d. Altered nutrition: less than required related to protein restriction

b. Excess fluid volume related to low serum protein levels

27. A nurse working in an outpatient clinic plans a screening program for diabetes. What recommendations for screening should be included? a. OGTT for all minority populations every year b. FPG for all individuals at age 45 and then every 3 years c. Testing people under the age of 21 for islet cell antibodies d. Testing for type 2 diabetes in all overweight or obese individuals

b. FPG for all individuals at age 45 and then every 3 years

Which action should the nurse take after a 36-year-old patient treated with intramuscular glucagon for hypoglycemia regains consciousness? a. Assess the patient for symptoms of hyperglycemia. b. Give the patient a snack of peanut butter and crackers. c. Have the patient drink a glass of orange juice or nonfat milk. d. Administer a continuous infusion of 5% dextrose for 24 hours.

b. Give the patient a snack of peanut butter and crackers.

Which information will the nurse include when teaching a 50-year-old patient who has type 2 diabetes about glyburide (Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase)? a. Glyburide decreases glucagon secretion from the pancreas. b. Glyburide stimulates insulin production and release from the pancreas. c. Glyburide should be taken even if the morning blood glucose level is low. d. Glyburide should not be used for 48 hours after receiving IV contrast media.

b. Glyburide stimulates insulin production and release from the pancreas.

Which laboratory value reported to the nurse by the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) indicates the most urgent need for the nurse's assessment of the patient? a. Bedtime glucose of 140 mg/dL b. Noon blood glucose of 52 mg/dL c. Fasting blood glucose of 130 mg/dL d. 2-hr postprandial glucose of 220 mg/dL

b. Noon blood glucose of 52 mg/dL

24. What should the goals of nutrition therapy for the patient with type 2 diabetes include? a. Ideal body weight b. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels c. A special diabetic diet using dietetic foods d. Five small meals per day with a bedtime snack

b. Normal serum glucose and lipid levels

7. In type 1 diabetes there is an osmotic effect of glucose when insulin deficiency prevents the use of glucose for energy. Which classic symptom is caused by the osmotic effect of glucose? a. Fatigue c. Polyphagia b. Polydipsia d. Recurrent infections

b. Polydipsia

Which action will the nurse anticipate taking for an otherwise healthy 50-year-old who has just been diagnosed with Stage 1 renal cell carcinoma? a. Prepare patient for a renal biopsy. b. Provide preoperative teaching about nephrectomy. c. Teach the patient about chemotherapy medications. d. Schedule for a follow-up appointment in 3 months.

b. Provide preoperative teaching about nephrectomy.

Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient with a urinary tract infection (UTI) about the use of phenazopyridine (Pyridium)? a. Pyridium may cause photosensitivity b. Pyridium may change the urine color. c. Take the Pyridium for at least 7 days. d. Take Pyridium before sexual intercourse.

b. Pyridium may change the urine color.

A 34-year-old has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The nurse will discuss the need to schedule a dilated eye exam a. every 2 years. b. as soon as possible. c. when the patient is 39 years old. d. within the first year after diagnosis.

b. as soon as possible.

A 56-year-old female patient is admitted to the hospital with new onset nephrotic syndrome. Which assessment data will the nurse expect? a. Poor skin turgor b. Recent weight gain c. Elevated urine ketones d. Decreased blood pressure

b. Recent weight gain

Which patient action indicates good understanding of the nurse's teaching about administration of aspart (NovoLog) insulin? a. The patient avoids injecting the insulin into the upper abdominal area. b. The patient cleans the skin with soap and water before insulin administration. c. The patient stores the insulin in the freezer after administering the prescribed dose. d. The patient pushes the plunger down while removing the syringe from the injection site.

b. The patient cleans the skin with soap and water before insulin administration.

A 58-year-old male patient who weighs 242 lb (110 kg) undergoes a nephrectomy for massive kidney trauma due to a motor vehicle crash. Which postoperative assessment finding is most important to communicate to the surgeon? a. Blood pressure is 102/58. b. Urine output is 20 mL/hr for 2 hours. c. Incisional pain level is reported as 9/10. d. Crackles are heard at bilateral lung bases.

b. Urine output is 20 mL/hr for 2 hours.

2. When a patient's urine dipstick test indicates a small amount of protein, the nurse's next action should be to a. send a urine specimen to the laboratory to test for ketones. b. obtain a clean-catch urine for culture and sensitivity testing. c. inquire about which medications the patient is currently taking. d. ask the patient about any family history of chronic renal failure.

c. inquire about which medications the patient is currently taking.

12. A patient passing bloody urine is scheduled for a cystoscopy with cystogram. Which description of the procedure by the nurse is accurate? a. "Your doctor will place a catheter into an artery in your groin and inject a dye that will visualize the blood supply to the kidneys." b. "Your doctor will insert a lighted tube into the bladder, and little catheters will be inserted through the tube into your kidney." c. "Your doctor will insert a lighted tube into the bladder through your urethra, inspect the bladder, and instill a dye that will outline your bladder on x-ray." d. "Your doctor will inject a radioactive solution into a vein in your arm and the distribution of the isotope in your kidneys and bladder will be checked."

c. "Your doctor will insert a lighted tube into the bladder through your urethra, inspect the bladder, and instill a dye that will outline your bladder on x-ray."

18. A male patient in the clinic provides a urine sample that is red-orange in color. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Notify the patient's health care provider. b. Teach correct midstream urine collection. c. Ask the patient about current medications. d. Question the patient about urinary tract infection (UTI) risk factors.

c. Ask the patient about current medications.

3. A hospitalized patient with possible renal insufficiency after coronary artery bypass surgery is scheduled for a creatinine clearance test. Which equipment will the nurse need to obtain? a. Urinary catheter b. Cleaning towelettes c. Large container for urine d. Sterile urine specimen cup

c. Large container for urine

The nurse is assessing a 22-year-old patient experiencing the onset of symptoms of type 1 diabetes. Which question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask? a. "Are you anorexic?" b. "Is your urine dark colored?" c. "Have you lost weight lately?" d. "Do you crave sugary drinks?"

c. "Have you lost weight lately?"

The nurse determines a need for additional instruction when the patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes says which of the following? a. "I can have an occasional alcoholic drink if I include it in my meal plan." b. "I will need a bedtime snack because I take an evening dose of NPH insulin." c. "I can choose any foods, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories." d. "I will eat something at meal times to prevent hypoglycemia, even if I am not hungry."

c. "I can choose any foods, as long as I use enough insulin to cover the calories."

After the nurse has finished teaching a patient who has a new prescription for exenatide (Byetta), which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? a. "I may feel hungrier than usual when I take this medicine." b. "I will not need to worry about hypoglycemia with the Byetta." c. "I should take my daily aspirin at least an hour before the Byetta." d. "I will take the pill at the same time I eat breakfast in the morning."

c. "I should take my daily aspirin at least an hour before the Byetta."

The home health nurse teaches a patient with a neurogenic bladder how to use intermittent catheterization for bladder emptying. Which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? a. "I will buy seven new catheters weekly and use a new one every day." b. "I will use a sterile catheter and gloves for each time I self-catheterize." c. "I will clean the catheter carefully before and after each catheterization." d. "I will need to take prophylactic antibiotics to prevent any urinary tract infections."

c. "I will clean the catheter carefully before and after each catheterization.

The nurse determines that further instruction is needed for a patient with interstitial cystitis when the patient says which of the following? a. "I should stop having coffee and orange juice for breakfast." b. "I will buy calcium glycerophosphate (Prelief) at the pharmacy." c. "I will start taking high potency multiple vitamins every morning." d. "I should call the doctor about increased bladder pain or odorous urine."

c. "I will start taking high potency multiple vitamins every morning."

Which information about a patient with Goodpasture syndrome requires the most rapid action by the nurse? a. Blood urea nitrogen level is 70 mg/dL. b. Urine output over the last 2 hours is 30 mL. c. Audible crackles bilaterally over the posterior chest to the midscapular level. d. Elevated level of antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies.

c. Audible crackles bilaterally over the posterior chest to the midscapular level.

Nursing staff on a hospital unit are reviewing rates of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) of the urinary tract. Which nursing action will be most helpful in decreasing the risk for HAI in patients admitted to the hospital? a. Encouraging adequate oral fluid intake b. Testing urine with a dipstick daily for nitrites c. Avoiding unnecessary urinary catheterizations d. Providing frequent perineal hygiene to patients

c. Avoiding unnecessary urinary catheterizations

After a ureterolithotomy, a female patient has a left ureteral catheter and a urethral catheter in place. Which action will the nurse include in the plan of care? a. Provide teaching about home care for both catheters. b. Apply continuous steady tension to the ureteral catheter. c. Call the health care provider if the ureteral catheter output drops suddenly. d. Clamp the ureteral catheter off when output from the urethral catheter stops.

c. Call the health care provider if the ureteral catheter output drops suddenly.

A 68-year-old male patient who has bladder cancer had a cystectomy with creation of an Indiana pouch. Which topic will be included in patient teaching? a. Application of ostomy appliances b. Barrier products for skin protection c. Catheterization technique and schedule d. Analgesic use before emptying the pouch

c. Catheterization technique and schedule

What is a factor that contributes to an increased incidence of urinary tract infections in aging women? a. Length of the urethra b. Larger capacity of bladder c. Relaxation of pelvic floor and bladder muscles d. Tight muscular support at the urinary sphincter

c. Relaxation of pelvic floor and bladder muscles

Which information from a patient who had a transurethral resection with fulguration for bladder cancer 3 days ago is most important to report to the health care provider? a. The patient is voiding every 4 hours. b. The patient is using opioids for pain. c. The patient has seen clots in the urine. d. The patient is anxious about the cancer.

c. The patient has seen clots in the urine.

Which information is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider before a patient with type 2 diabetes is prepared for a coronary angiogram? a. The patient's most recent HbA1C was 6.5%. b. The patient's admission blood glucose is 128 mg/dL. c. The patient took the prescribed metformin (Glucophage) today. d. The patient took the prescribed captopril (Capoten) this morning.

c. The patient took the prescribed metformin (Glucophage) today.

A 26-year-old patient with diabetes rides a bicycle to and from work every day. Which site should the nurse teach the patient to administer the morning insulin? a. thigh. b. buttock. c. abdomen. d. upper arm.

c. abdomen.

Following rectal surgery, a patient voids about 50 mL of urine every 30 to 60 minutes for the first 4 hours. Which nursing action is most appropriate? a. Monitor the patient's intake and output over night. b. Have the patient drink small amounts of fluid frequently. c. Use an ultrasound scanner to check the postvoiding residual volume. d. Reassure the patient that this is normal after rectal surgery because of anesthesia.

c. Use an ultrasound scanner to check the postvoiding residual volume.

a diabetic patient has a serum glucose level of 824 and is unresponsive. after assessing the patient, the nurse suspects diabetic ketoacidosis rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome based on the finding of A. polyuria b. severe dehydration c. rapid, deep respirations d. decreased serum potassium

c. rapid, deep respirations Rationale: Signs and symptoms of DKA include manifestations of dehydration, such as poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension. Early symptoms may include lethargy and weakness. As the patient becomes severely dehydrated, the skin becomes dry and loose, and the eyeballs become soft and sunken. Abdominal pain is another symptom of DKA that may be accompanied by anorexia and vomiting. Kussmaul respirations (i.e., rapid, deep breathing associated with dyspnea) are the body's attempt to reverse metabolic acidosis through the exhalation of excess carbon dioxide. Acetone is identified on the breath as a sweet, fruity odor. Laboratory findings include a blood glucose level greater than 250 mg/dL, arterial blood pH less than 7.30, serum bicarbonate level less than 15 mEq/L, and moderate to high ketone levels in the urine or blood.

A diagnostic study that indicates renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, tubular function, and excretion is a(n) a. IVP b. VCUG c. renal scan d. loopogram

c. renal scan

When a patient who takes metformin (Glucophage) to manage type 2 diabetes develops an allergic rash from an unknown cause, the health care provider prescribes prednisone (Deltasone). The nurse will anticipate that the patient may a. need a diet higher in calories while receiving prednisone. b. develop acute hypoglycemia while taking the prednisone. c. require administration of insulin while taking prednisone. d. have rashes caused by metformin-prednisone interactions.

c. require administration of insulin while taking prednisone.

40. Following the teaching of foot care to a diabetic patient, the nurse determines that additional instruction is needed when the patient makes which statement? a. "I should wash my feet daily with soap and warm water." b. "I should always wear shoes to protect my feet from injury." c. "If my feet are cold, I should wear socks instead of using a heating pad." d. "I'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful."

d. "I'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful."

1. In addition to promoting the transport of glucose from the blood into the cell, what does insulin do? a. Enhances the breakdown of adipose tissue for energy b. Stimulates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis c. Prevents the transport of triglycerides into adipose tissue d. Accelerates the transport of amino acids into cells and their synthesis into protein

d. Accelerates the transport of amino acids into cells and their synthesis into protein

34. A diabetic patient is found unconscious at home and a family member calls the clinic. After determining that a glucometer is not available, what should the nurse advise the family member to do? a. Have the patient drink some orange juice. b. Administer 10 U of regular insulin subcutaneously. c. Call for an ambulance to transport the patient to a medical facility. d. Administer glucagon 1 mg intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously.

d. Administer glucagon 1 mg intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously.

A patient with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for a follow-up visit in the clinic several months from now. Which test will the nurse schedule to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment for the patient? a. Urine dipstick for glucose b. Oral glucose tolerance test c. Fasting blood glucose level d. Glycosylated hemoglobin level

d. Glycosylated hemoglobin level

The patient complains of "wetting when she sneezes." How should the nurse document this information? a. Nocturia b. Micturition c. Urge incontinence d. Stress incontinence

d. Stress incontinence

*1. In teaching a patient with pyelonephritis about the disorder, the nurse informs the paitent that the organisms that cause pyelonephritis most commonly reach the kidneys through* a. the bloodstream b.the lymphatic system c. a descending infection d. an ascending infection

d. an ascending infection

*11. A patient has has a cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion performed. Four days postoperatively, mucous shred are seen in the drainage bag. The nurse should.* a. notify the physician b.notify the charge nurse c. irrigate the drainage tube d. chart it as a normal observation

d. chart it as a normal observation

A renal stone in the pelvis of the kidney will alter the function of the kidney by interfering with the a. structural support of the kidney b. regulation of the concentration of urine c. entry and exit of blood vessels at the kidney d. collection and drainage of urine from the kidney

d. collection and drainage of urine from the kidney

The nurse teaches a 64-year-old woman to prevent the recurrence of renal calculi by a. using a filter to strain all urine. b. avoiding dietary sources of calcium. c. choosing diuretic fluids such as coffee. d. drinking 2000 to 3000 mL of fluid a day.

d. drinking 2000 to 3000 mL of fluid a day.