MS2 Chap 11
The nurse is checking the laboratory reports of a patient being treated with paclitaxel. Which platelet count might indicate spontaneous bleeding? a. 15,000/mm3 b. 60,000/mm3 c. 175,000/mm3 d. 300,000/mm3
a 15000 / mm3
A patient with prostate cancer asks the nurse the meaning of his high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. PSA is a tumor marker that is elevated in patients with prostate cancer. b. PSA levels are done routinely to determine whether your prostate cancer has spread to a new site. c. The doctor orders PSA measurements to monitor the level of chemotherapy medication in your blood. d. A PSA test allows the pathologist to view the cancer cells under the microscope to monitor the progression of cancer.
a PSA is a tumor marker that is elevated in patients with prostate cancer
The nurse is caring for a patient with leukopenia. Which item creates the greatest risk for this patient? a. A fresh apple brought in by a friend b. A can of soda from a vending machine c. A get-well card from a family member d. A paperback book purchased at the hospital gift shop
a a fresh Apple brought in by the brand
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and becomes concerned about one patient being treated for cancer. Which patient does the nurse suspect is in need of nutritional support? a. An 18-year-old with an albumin of 2.5 b. A 60-year-old with a calcium level of 8 mg/dL c. A 43-year-old with a platelet level of 180,000/mm3 d. A 56-year-old with a white cell count of 6000/mm3
a an 18 year old with an albumin of 2.5
The nurse is preparing to teach a patient about the effects of chemotherapy on other body tissues. What should the nurse explain as the reason why hair, blood, skin, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract cells are more likely to be adversely affected by chemotherapy than other cells? a. Because they are fast growing b. Because they are exposed to air c. Because they are all porous tissues d. Because they are less able to excrete waste products
a because they are fast growing
A patient who has been treated for breast cancer is undergoing routine laboratory work. Which laboratory finding would cause the nurse to be most concerned about metastasis? a. Elevated serum calcium b. Decreased serum calcium c. Elevated serum potassium d. Decreased serum potassium
a elevated serum calcium
A patient undergoing chemotherapy telephones the clinic to complain of a nosebleed 2 days after a treatment. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse consider while further assessing the patient? a. Ineffective Protection related to thrombocytopenia b. Imbalanced Nutrition: less than body requirements c. Risk for Infection related to low WBC count d. Disturbed Body Image related to effects of chemotherapy
a ineffective protection related to thrombosis changing pedia
A nurse is conducting a community education class on cancer risk. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective when women recognize that they are most at risk of dying of which type of cancer? a. Lung cancer b. Breast cancer c. Uterine cancer d. Ovarian cancer
a lung cancer
Based on the diagnosis Imbalanced Nutrition related to nausea and vomiting, the goal of maintaining a stable weight during chemotherapy was identified for a patient receiving care. Which statement provides the best evidence that the goal has been met? a. Patients weight is unchanged during treatment. b. Patient states nausea and vomiting are controlled. c. Patient is able to eat 90% of meals without nausea. d. Patients nausea and vomiting are controlled with antiemetic medication.
a patients weight is unchanged during the treatment
A patient asks what dietary changes can be made to help protect against cancer. The nurse should base his or her response to the patients question on which of the following? a. Reduced dietary fat intake can lower cancer risk. b. Reduced dietary salt intake reduces malignancy development. c. Increased intake of beef and poultry decrease the risk of malignancy. d. Increased intake of milk products will lower risk of cancer development.
a reduce dietary fat intake can lower cancer
A patient is diagnosed with a malignant tumor of the bone. Which term should the nurse consider when documenting this patients health problem? a. Sarcoma b. Osteoma c. Adenoma d. Carcinoma
a sarcoma
The nurse is preparing an oral chemotherapeutic medication for a patients cancer treatment. What should the nurse do to ensure personal safety when preparing this medication? a. Wear gloves while preparing. b. Wash hands before administering. c. Apply a lead apron when providing. d. Crush the medication before providing.
a wear gloves while preparing
The nurse is preparing a seminar on cancer incidence for a group of community members. Which types of cancer are common for both men and women? (Select all that apply.) a. Skin b. Lung c. Breast d. Kidney e. Prostate f. Colorectal
a, b skin n lung
The nurse identifies the diagnosis Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements for a patient experiencing nausea from chemotherapy. Which interventions should the nurse include in this patients plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a. Add nutmeg to foods. b. Provide oral care before meals. c. Provide large meals with hot foods. d. Offer sour foods containing lemon. e. Spray the room with disinfectant before meals.
a, b, d add nutmeg to food provide Oral Care before meals spray the room with disinfectant before meals
A patient is diagnosed with a blood disorder after receiving chemotherapy. Which colony-stimulating drugs should the nurse expect might be prescribed to help treat this disorder? (Select all that apply.) a. Filgrastim (Neupogen) b. Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta) c. Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) d. Epoetin alfa (Epogen) e. Exemestane (Casodex) f. Irinotecan (Camptosar)
a, b, d filgrastim neupogen pegfilgrastim neulasta ippo out in epogen
The nurse is providing dietary teaching to help a patient reduce the risk of cancer. Which foods should the nurse instruct the patient to avoid? (Select all that apply.) a. Alcohol b. Whole grains c. Smoked meats d. Root vegetables e. Charbroiled meat f. Cruciferous vegetables
a, c, e alcohol Smoked Meats charbroiled meat
The nurse is planning a teaching seminar for members of a Native American tribal community on ways to prevent the development of cancer. What should the nurse include in this teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Encourage traditional customs of physical fitness and exercise. b. Provide teaching materials in the participants native language. c. Identify healing practices that can be incorporated into tribal customs. d. Emphasize the use of same-sex caregivers when seeking preventive care. e. Discuss the importance of dietary portion control and healthy food preparation.
a, c, e encourage traditional customs of physical fitness and exercise identify healing practices that can be incorporated into tribal customs discuss the importance of dietary portion control and healthy food preparation
The nurse is reviewing the process of cellular mutation with a patient newly diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse explain about cellular mutation? (Select all that apply.) a. The cell becomes malignant. b. The cell can no longer divide. c. DNA mistakes have been made. d. The cell membrane is punctured. e. Proteins are no longer synthesized. f. There has been a genetic change in the cell.
a, c, e the cell becomes malignant DNA mistakes have been made proteins are no longer synthesize
When inspecting the IV site of a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy agent, the licensed practical nurse (LPN) notes a small area of swelling. What should the LPN do first? a. Check the site every hour. b. Document the finding in the chart. c. Discontinue the infusion and notify the RN. d. No action is needed; this is an expected finding. this confusion
c discontinue be refusing to notify the RN
The nurse is explaining the characteristics of a malignant tumor to a patient who is newly diagnosed with cancer. What should the nurse include in this explanation? (Select all that apply.) a. The growth rate is rapid. b. Tissue damage is minimal. c. The cells resemble the tissue of origin. d. The cells may invade surrounding tissues. e. The cells can travel to distant organs and initiate new tumors.
a, d, e the growth rate is rapid the cells May invade surrounding tissue the cells can travel to distant organs and initiate new tumors
The nurse is reviewing a patients diagnostic test report. For which tumor diameter should the nurse evaluate the report to determine if cancer is present? a. 0.5 cm b. 1 cm c. 2 cm d. 5 cm
b 1 cm
A patient receiving radiation therapy for a tumor in the salivary gland is complaining of a very dry mouth. How should the nurse document this finding? a. Halitosis noted. b. Patient reports xerostomia. c. Grade II stomatitis present. d. Patient experiencing dysphagia with liquids.
b Pacers report xerostomia
The nurse is caring for a patient with lung cancer who is receiving chemotherapy. Which assessment finding suggests that the patient is experiencing pericardial effusion? a. Bruising and tarry stools b. Edema and shortness of breath c. Nausea and decreased bowel sounds d. Peripheral numbness and tingling
b edema and shortness of breath
The nurse is planning care for a patient with a radioactive implant. Which intervention should the nurse select to help prevent social isolation in this patient? a. Visit the patient frequently, but do not touch the patient. b. Help provide diversional activities that the patient enjoys. c. Have only one nurse provide care to increase consistency. d. Encourage family to stay with the patient, but have them wear masks and gloves at all times.
b help provide diversional activities that help the patient enjoy it
A patient with cancer is scheduled for palliative surgery. Which explanation should the nurse use to describe the purpose of this surgery? a. Palliative surgery is done to reconstruct tissues damaged by the cancer. b. Palliative surgery is done to increase the patients comfort when cure is not possible. c. Palliative surgery is done to remove a cancer completely and increase the chances for cure. d. Palliative surgery is done to remove surrounding lymph nodes, reducing the risk for spread of the primary tumor.
b palliative surgery is done to increase the patient's comfort and will not cure cancer
A patient is scheduled for radiation treatments before having surgery to remove a tumor. What should the nurse cite as the reason for the radiation treatments? a. Reduces the need for chemotherapy b. Reduces the size of the tumor before surgery c. Reduces the need for radiation after the surgery d. Reduces the spread of cancer cells during the surgery
b reduces the size of the tumor before surgery
A patient on chemotherapy after surgery develops thrombocytopenia. Which manifestation should the nurse report immediately to the physician? a. Headache b. Tarry stools c. Pain at the surgical site d. Blood pressure 136/88 mm Hg Tori stores
b t a r r y stools
A patient is scheduled for a needle biopsy of the breast. Which statement indicates that teaching has been effective? a. A small needle will be used to inject chemotherapy into my tumor. b. The doctor will use a needle to go into the tumor for a sample of cells. c. A needle will be implanted into the tumor so medication can be injected. d. The doctor is going to make a small incision in my breast to get some tumor cells.
b the doctor will use a needle to go into the tumor for a sample of sales
A patient is diagnosed with a stage I tumor in situ (TIS). Which explanation of TIS by the nurse is the best? a. The tumor has spread and is generalized throughout the body. b. The tumor has not invaded any tissues beyond the original site. c. The tumor has spread to the lymph nodes in the immediate area. d. The tumor is situated between two tissues, so there is risk for metastasis to both tissues.
b the tumor has not invaded any tissue beyond the original site
The nurse is explaining mitosis to a group of nursing students. What should the nurse explain as the characteristics of a cell that has undergone mitosis? (Select all that apply.) a. 23 chromosomes b. 46 chromosomes c. A nuclear membrane d. Two sets of amino acids e. A strengthened cell wall f. Fewer organelles than the parent cell
b, c 46 chromosomes a nuclear membrane
A patient with cancer is receiving a dose of an oral radioactive isotope. What should the nurse keep in mind to ensure personal safety when caring for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a. The best skin care approaches for the patient b. The time needed to provide quality patient care c. The distance between the patient and caregivers d. The use of a barrier to protect from radiation exposure e. The types of foods the patient should abstain from ingesting
b, c, d the time needed to provide quality patient care the distance between the patient and caregivers the use of a barrier to protect from radiation exposure
A patient with lung cancer is experiencing neck edema and shortness of breath. What actions can the nurse take to help relieve this patients symptoms? (Select all that apply.) a. Restrict fluids. b. Elevate the head of the bed. c. Remove restrictive clothing. d. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter. e. Avoid using the arms for venipuncture.
b, c, e Elevate the head of the bed remove restrictive clothing avoid using the arms for venipuncture
A patient is experiencing mucositis as a result of radiation therapy. Which interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a. Provide oral care once daily. b. Discourage use of alcohol and tobacco. c. Encourage citrus juice for vitamin C supplementation. d. Advise the patient to avoid very cold foods and drinks. e. Heat all liquids before drinking to promote oral blood flow. f. Advise the patient to use a neutral mouthwash, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), and water.
b, d, f discourage you could alcohol and tobacco advise the patient to avoid very cold foods and drinks Benadryl in water as mouthwash
The nurse is planning care for a patient with leukopenia caused by chemotherapy. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this patients plan of care? a. Protect the patient from injury. b. Observe for bruising or bleeding. c. Ensure that staff members practice good hand washing. d. Assist the patient with activities of daily living (ADLs).
c ensure that staff members practice good hand-washing
The nurse is assessing a 58-year-old patient. For what yearly screening test for colorectal cancer should the nurse assess the patient? a. Colonoscopy b. Barium enema c. Stool test for blood d. Flexible sigmoidoscopy
c stool test for blood
The nurse is explaining cancer cells to a patient newly diagnosed with cancer. Which of the following should the nurse tell the patient are characteristic of cancer cells? (Select all that apply). a. They have division limits. b. They usually grow slowly. c. They are considered immortal. d. They result from mutations of cellular genes. e. They destroy the gluelike substance found between normal cells. f. They take on the characteristics of the cells in the tissue to which they migrate.
c, d, e they are considered or mortal they result from mutation and cellular jeans they destroyed the glue-like substance found in normal
A nurse is teaching a patient about risk factors for cancer. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? a. I should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. b. I should eat a low-fat diet that is high in fiber. c. I understand that eating a high-fat diet increases my risk of breast cancer. d. I know that eating pickled and smoked foods can help prevent GI cancers.
d I know that eating pickled and smoked foods can help prevent GI cancers
A patient develops alopecia related to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) therapy. Which statement should the nurse use to explain this side effect? a. Uric acid collects in hair cells. b. Antibiotics stop all hair growth. c. Bone marrow suppression prevents nourishment of hair follicles. d. Anti-neoplastics, such as Adriamycin, attack all rapidly dividing cells.
d antineoplastic such as adriamycin attack all rapidly dividing
The nurse educator is preparing a seminar on cancer for a group of nursing students. Which definition should the nurse educator use to accurately describe cancer? a. Cancer is a name for cells that produce toxins that destroy body organs. b. Cancer is a term used to describe all new abnormal growths in the body. c. Cancer is a name given to a disease caused primarily from toxins in the environment. d. Cancer is a name for a large group of diseases characterized by cells that multiply rapidly and invade normal tissue.
d cancer is a name for a large group of diseases characterized by cells that multiply rapidly in and be normal tissue
A patient receiving doxorubicin (Adriamycin) voids urine that is bright red. Which action by the nurse is appropriate? a. Notify the physician STAT. b. Withhold all red dye from the patients diet. c. Draw a hemoglobin sample and prepare for possible blood transfusion. d. Check the patients urine, and tell the patient that this is a common side effect of Adriamycin.
d check the patient's urine and tell the patient that this is a common side effect of adriamycin
A patient with lung cancer is receiving chemotherapy. Why should the nurse closely monitor the patients white blood cell (WBC) count? a. Chemotherapy drugs cause polycythemia and can precipitate thrombosis. b. Chemotherapy drugs attack WBCs and shorten their life span, which increases risk for infection. c. Chemotherapy drugs cause proliferation of blood cells, which can lead to sluggish circulation. d. Chemotherapy drugs depress the bone marrow, which can lead to infection and an increase in WBC count.
d chemotherapy drugs depressed bone marrow which can lead to infection and increase in WBC
A patient being treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer also is being given epoetin alfa for anemia. During the assessment, of what finding should the nurse be most observant? a. Dyspnea b. Bone pain c. Fluid retention d. Elevated blood pressure
d elevated blood pressure
A patient develops fatigue related to radiation therapy. Which intervention is the most appropriate for this patient? a. Discuss the patients views concerning blood transfusion. b. Encourage moderate exercise between radiation treatments. c. Encourage larger portions of foods rich with calories and protein. d. Encourage the patient to prioritize activities around frequent rest periods.
d encourage the patient to prioritize activities around frequent rest periods
The nurse is assessing a patient and notes drainage on the sheets from the site of a radioactive colloid injection. What should the nurse do first? a. Change the patients sheets. b. Assist the patient with skin care. c. Stay with the patient while calling for help. d. Follow hospital policy for radioactive waste cleanup.
d following Hospital policy for radioactive waste cleanup
The intravenous line of a patient receiving a vesicant chemotherapy agent has disconnected and is lying on the floor. The medication is dripping all over the floor. Which action should the nurse take first? a. Reconnect the IV tubing immediately. b. Wipe it up as quickly as possible with disposable cloths. c. No special precautions are needed for vesicant drug cleanups. d. Use gloves and a protective gown to clean the spill according to agency policy.
d use gloves in a protective gown to clean the spill according to agency policy
