MUEL 2852 Unit 2

Carly Simon

(b. 1945) a singer-songwriter who was one of the most popular stars of the 1970s; known for songs like "Anticipation" and "You're so Vain." solo career began in 1970 with self titled abum and top 10 hit: Thats the Way Ive Always Heard It should be. Married James Taylor in 1972 and frequently appeared on each other's recordings. Music covered from a diverse group of musicians.

Elton John

-Famous Rock star (1970-80's) -Songs: "Your Song" (1970), "Tiny Dancer" (1971) -Genre: Singer/Songwriter -Genre: Vocals, piano, keyboards, organ, guitar -Best selling rock star in the 1970's Flamboyant style and fantastical stage costumes place him i the top echelon. Never wrote his won song lyrics but collaborted with lyricist Bernie Taupin. Also produced musical theatre works with them Enormous charitable efforts and awareness raising activities.

Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR)

-John Fogerty was the leader and chief songwriter of the group. -Their music style is known as Swamp Rock. -More commercial group in comparison to the Grateful Dead. -They were born and raised in the San Francisco area. Fortunate son is the counterculture anthem that attacks the privilege of the elite ruling class.

Marvin Gaye

1971--> One of the most important albums of the decade was Whats Going On. Lyrics deeply connected to countercultural ideas such as income inequality, police brutality, the environment and the Vietnam War. Critics called it an inner city response to Sgt. Peppers. Ranked 6 on Rolling Stone's 500 greatest Albums of all time. In a self-imposed exile, he relocated to London in 1980. While on tour he relapsed into cocaine and the tour ended as he retreated to his parents' house. Tensions were high and altercation occurred between him and his father in which Gaye reportedly beat his father badly and in retaliation shot Gaye to death.

The Rolling Stones

A British rock group who cultivated an image as "bad boys" in deliberate contrast to the friendly public image projected by the Beatles. Serious bad boy image, they were more grittier and witty Career spanned over half a century. Originally formed by vocalist Mick Jagger, guitarist Keith Richards, guitarist Brian Jones and pianist Ian Stewart out of the London blues scene. It would solidify to include bassist Bill Wyman and drummer Charlie Watts. Mick Taylor would replace Steward and Ronnie Wood would replace him. I cant get no satisfation was their first international hit. Song begins with heavily distorted guitar riff and a free bass line that immediately conveys the sneering bravado of the Stones. The texture is dense, complex and highly syncopated. The lyrics are a combo of sexual frustration and cynical view of commercialism. found their most defining musical characteristics very early in their career. Their Satanic Majesties Request was a feeble attempt to outdo the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper. Tragedies and controversy: Brian Jones died , audience member was stabbed to death, drugs would haunt the band. Most important between 1968 and 1972.

Bob Dylan

A twentieth-century American folksinger and songwriter. His music, with its strong note of social protest, was especially popular during the 1960s, when he wrote songs such as "Blowin' in the Wind," "The Times They Are A-Changin'," and "Like a Rolling Stone." Grew up in Minnesota and was enrolled at the University of Minnesota but dropped out and moved to NYC. 1962 Columbia released the self entitled album consisting of folk, blues and gospel music along with two original songs. 1962 second album: Freewheelin' Bob Dylan most celebrated songs "Blowin' in the Wind." Which discusses the philosophical questions about peace, war and personal freedom. 16 measure strophic macrostructure with an AAAB inner structure that gives the sense of a chorus during the last four measures of each strophe. Performed with Joan Baez at the March on Washington in 1963. 1963, third album: Times They Are a-Changin' was his his effort containing all og material. Signs of cynicism toward the role of political spokesperson placed upon him. Last all acoustic album was called Another side of Bob Dylan. "My Back Pages."

AC/DC

AUSTRALIAAAA Brothers angus Young (blues feel had a persona), Malcom young rose to international fame in 1976. Included vocalist Bon Scott, dummer Phil Rudd, and bassist Mark Evans. Evans would be replaced by Cliff Williams. "Thunder from Down Under" 1975--> High Votage and TNT from Atlantic Records. Well known anthem of "It's a long Way to the Top," features bagpipes (played by Bon Scott). 1976--> Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, third best selling record for them, establishing them internationally features the double entendre track "Big Balls" 1977--> Let there be rock and Powerage (1978) did not meet overwhelming good critical response but sold well, considered they most underrated work. 1979--> Highway To Hell. Lyrics shifted away from earlier facetious style to reflect themes more fundamental to rock. Title track of "Beating Around the Bush," reflect the fully in touch roots of blues. Worked with producer Mut Lang, came in and put this band on a different band, polished them musically and focused lyric writing. Bon Scott died in 1980 due to asphyxiation from vomit because of acute alcohol poisoning (asleep in the back seat of a car). Encouraged by his parents to carry on, they recruited Brian Johnson for vocals. Back in Black (with all black cover) (album finished by Brian Johnson) as a tribute to Scott. An overnight critical and commercial success became the most popular album for them. More than 50 million copies stands as the second best selling album second only to Michael Jackson's Thriller. Best selling rock album. Define what will happen in the 80s in terms of character. Since then no style deviation or experimentation, Health issues have curtailed the band's concert appearances.

Final Two Albums

Abbey Road and Let it Be. Represented the lowest point in the band's interpersonal relationships. LIB--> originally titled Get Back. Film footage required a live performance at Apple Studios building. It was the last performance the Beatles would ever give. Get Back would be remixed by Phil Spector and renamed Let It Be. The Beatles officially broke up when Paul McCartney announced his departure from the band after May 1970. even though the band was friction, the albums are cohesive and rank among the Beatles finest work. Changed the way people listened to popular and experience its role in their lives.

Psychedelia and the Studio Years: 1966-1970

All techniques were developed during the sessions or adapted from contemporaneous experimental techniques. "Tomorrow Never Ends" is a musical representation of the transcendental state known in eastern mysticism as samadhi. "Eleanor Rigby," first art rock song rendered by a string octet. They were walking the line between culture and high art culture. Paints a sonic picture of what the lyric offers in up in relatively plain language known as text painting.. It is the branch o existentialist philosophy known as absurdism. Harrison was inspired by Indian classical music and culture and other Eastern philosophical concepts. Revolver also features a horn section, tape loops of a marching band and variety of percussion effects. Sgt. Pepper was even more experimental. The album is about the Beatles developing alter egos who could experiment musically. Tons of drug references. Some radio stations and DJs would not play it. Was a self-conscious concept album aided the development of progressive rock. Aug 17--> Phone call to inform them their manager had died of a drug overdose. Prompted them to take what was supposed to be a three month meditation retreat. Arrival brought massive media attention and helped to open the Western world to the concept of meditation.

Landing in America

Arrived in December of 1963, and their concerts appearances helped to pull many Americans out fo the deep sadness brought on by the Kennedy Assassination. Feb 9th performance on the Ed Sullivan show had a record setting 73 million views. The Beatles single-handedly rescued the record industry from its era of "profitless prosperity" and produced approx 60% of the industry's singles sales. Two weeks after October there were 14 Beatles hits on Billboards top 100. Their own air personae would prompt the nickname The Fab Four. Promptly offered three movie deal through United Artist Records Film division. Unlike the Elvis films these would receive praise from the film critics. "Can't Buy me Love," example of something that would characterize throughout their career: expand upon conventions through innovative and original techniques. Both intro and outro draw on the chorus. Would embark on world tour in 1964.

Emerson, Lake and Palmer

Art rock band that formed in London in 1970. Their live album, Pictures at an Exhibition (1971) borrowed its structural elements from a suite of piano pieces by the Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky (1839-81). Guitarist/bassist/singer Greg Lake and keyboardist Keith Emerson. Mutual friend pointed them to Carl Palmer and formed a new band called Atomic Rooster. Performed at Isle of Wight festival and offered a recording contract with Atlantic Records. Their self titled debut album contained three instrumental tracks, all of which were based on existing classical pieces, a drum solo Follow up album Tarkus. Seven part concept piece dealing with the futility of religion and war. Album reached no. 1 in the UK and no.9 in the US and established ELP as one of the premier prog bands in the world. Live album was a recording fo their prog rock adaptation of Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky's piano masterpiece, Pictures at an Exhibition. But the label thought it was a bad idea because it wouldn't sell well. But did well. Third studio album Trilogy in 1972. Music proved problematic to perform because of extensive studio overdubs. Brain Salad Surgery was approached with live performance specifically in mind. Critics think it's a creative peak. Largest and most ambitious tour and was replete with a rotating drum riser and revolving keyboards. Required nearly tons of equipment to produce. Highly significant artists such as metal greats Iron Maiden and modern prog metal band Dream Theatre.

Lynyrd Skynyrd and Southern Rock

Associated with the working class, rowdy good times, hard partying and dancing. Vocalist Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist Gary Rossington, guitarist Allen Collins, bassist Leon Wilkeson, drummer Bob Burns, and pianist Billy Powell. Label Sounds of the South, a subsidiary of MCA. Hired guitaist Ed King (at first not permanent member) to handle some session work. First album had the song "Free Bird." 1974's Second Helping, would prove a very successful follow up and would span several classics such as "Sweet Home Alabama" and "Needle and the Spoon." Drums replaced by Artimus Pyle. Backup singers called the Honkettes (Gains, Hawkins and Billingsly). For their fourth album: Give Me Back My Bulletts. Replacement guitarist for King, used Steve Gaines. One More from the Road was well recieved. While touring with follow up album Street Survivors, the plane they were travelling in crashed in Mississippi: Van Zant, Gaines, Gaines were all killed. At the height of their popularity. Billingsly had a dream something bad was going to happen to the plane so travelled on ground. Disbanded until 1980, then reformed in various ways.

Concerts and the Beatles

August 15 1965 Gave what may be their most legendary concert performance in Shea Stadium in NYC. Important that a concert of such magnitude proved successful both logistically and financially was a great leap forward for live rock performances. On a technical level. The noise from the crow was so deafening that the band could not hear what they were playing. Needed more powerful sound systems and introduced the idea of stage monitor systems.

Carole King

Began as Brill Building songwriter with lyricist partner and husband Gerry Goffin. Recorded by Motown stars such as Aretha Franklin and the Righteous Brothers Debut album Writer saw modest success (no84). Solo success with Tapestry (best selling album of 1971). Won four grammys including album of the year. -mature perspectives on love --ex. "It's Too Late" -acceptance of failed relationship -piano based, but jazz elements too Grounded in gospel, folk and pop traditions. Image as a strong, independent woman would resonate with various feminist movements of the period. Involved with causes related to the environment such as her work toward the passage of the Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act.

David Bowie

Began his career involved in art, theatre, dance and music. Single "Space Oddity," a song about a fictional astronaut. Bowie's love of acting and theatrics led to the development of his earliest and perhaps best known stage persona Ziggy Stardust. The rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars brought Bowie, or rather Ziggy to the world stage. The character lives the rock star dream; he is sexually promiscuous and indulges heavily in drugs. Ultimately destroyed in the end by his own consumptions. Performances as Ziggy were wildly theatrical and included moments of shock such as simulating oral sex with a guitar. Bowie invented other characters such as Halloween Jack for the album Diamond Dogs (Orwell inspired concept album). "Plastic soul" period that infused elements of black soul music. Young Americans saw Bowie's first number one single "Fame" Acting debut in British sci-fi film, the Man Who Fell to Earth and developed a new persona Thin White Duke. Moved to Berlin at the end of 1976 where he continued his recovery from cocaine addiction. Cowriter on two albums with Iggy Pop. Trilogy: Low, Heroes and Lodger. Would explore numerous musical styles and artistic endeavors. 1980s brought enormous pop and MTV success which helped Bowie to be involved in numerous collabs with other artists such as Queen, Pete Townshend, Mick Jagger and Tina Turner. Legacy of experimental art/prog rock artist is matched by his contribution to glam rock and theatrics in rock. Artist who continually reinvented himself and explored an expanse of artistic territory few others can claim.

Aerosmith

Boston, MA with singer Steven Tyler, guitarist Joe Perry, bassist Tom Hamilton, dummer Joey Kramer and guitarist Brad Whitford. Signed with Columbia records in 1972. First significant song: Dream On Toys in the Attic launched them into hard rock mainstream and marked an important development in the rhythmic evolution of rock and pop music. "Walk this way" represents a shift toward a more aggressive 16th note rhythmic basis for hard rock music. That's almost percussive its so rhythmically oriented. Caught up easily with fame and known as the toxic twins. overindulged with drugs and alcohol. MTV: music video with hip hop band. Suddenly aerosmith was big again and since.

Bruce Springsteen

Breakthrough effort into the world of mainstream rock in 1975 with Born to Run. Son of working class parents fell in love with rock after listening to Elvis. Failed military medical exam after being drafted for Vietnam at 18. Began to play around clubs at the Jersey Shore and signed his first record deal with Columbia in 1972. He connects to powerful American images with an incomparable authenticity. Master songwriter who can shift effortlessly from an epic rock piece to thoughtful ballad. Equally and effectively deliver a scathing social commentary or a song about the innocence of childhood. Born in the USA would be the most successful album.

The Beach Boys

Brian Wilson and his two younger brothers Dennis and Carl along with their cousin Mike Love and friend Al Jardine comprised the Beach Boys. Represent the union of Chuck Berry's driving rock rhythms, Buddy Holly's core rock instrumentation and proto- rock forms, Phil Spector's production techniques and a measure of doo-wop and pop. The result is called Surf Rock. By 1966 would become one of the most innovative and influentia bands of the 20th century. 1962--> "Surfin' Safari" Their real significance lies in the sophistication of the music. Wilson was a gifted songwriter and began to take control of production although Nick Venet is officially listed. Use of verse/chorus form and core instrumentation exemplifies all of rock's essential musical elements. Wilson was also a perfectionist. "In My Room" lyrically was more mature with a more inward looking perspective, and form is true to Tin Pan Alley. "I Get Around" would be Wilson's last beach themed album. Opens with an elaborate vocal hook accompanied with only a single sustained guitar chord then interrupted by a 2 measure bridge.

Final Tour (And Revolver)

By 1966 the band had become increasingly disillusioned with touring, troubled by the reality of concerts being more about seeing and hearing them. Resulted in complicated studio techniques impossible to perform live, including the use of tape loops and other special effects in "Tomorrow Never Knows." Revolver will be considered later as part of the band's studio phase. Inclination to stop touring categorized by the following: 1)Capitol released a compilation album of Beatles music called Yesterday and Today which originally featured a cover photo of the band in butcher coats with mutilated baby dolls and raw meat (commentary on the Vietnam War). Reaction was very negative. 2)Barely escaped in Philippines after they refused to eat breakfast with the First Lady resulting in a huge riot. 3) Comment about religion: "we're more popular than Jesus now." Forced to give an apology. Boycotts and firestorm of controversy and protests.

Rush

Canadian band Rush consisted of bassist/singer/keyboardist Geddy Lee, guitarist Alex Lifeson, and drummer John Rutsey. Replacement for Rutsey by drummer Neil Peart. He will play a dominant role in shaping the band's identity. Album Caress of Steal considered transitional or development for the band as they increasingly embraced progressive elements not present on their first album. album 2112 would firmly establish Rush as progressive rock icons and pave the way for their continued commercial and critical success. Half concept album half unrelated songs. Cautionary tale about war, government, another two more albums A Farewell to Kings and Hemispheres were both richly progressive but begins to create more conventional AOR friendly tracks. 1980s permanent Waves marked a new era of synthesizer experimentation, shorter compositions and commercial success. From Class: Neil Peart one of the best drummers of the 20th century. Joined in 75 and became band's lyricist and one of the best lyricists ever.

Paul Simon

Career began in mid 60s as half of the rock dup Simon and Garfunkel. Embarked on a solo career and credited as a fundamental force in the popularization of world beat genres Simon released two more albums by 1975 when he won Grammys for Album of the year and Best Male Pop Vocal for Still Crazy After All These Years, co-produced by Simon and Ramone. More somber likely due to his divorce, produced several hits such as 50 Ways to Leave Your Liver which is centered around what has become one of the decades most famous drum riffs. He has been raising money for music in primary education since 1970 through benefit concerts and other activities.

Sly and the Family Stone

Central in the development of funk and funk rock. Broke into mainstream with fourth studio album, Stand! Includes Sing a Simple Song, I want to Take You Higher and Everyday People. Explores richly complex layers of riffs and rhythm based on the 16th note later which results in danceable energy. Lyrics connected with counterculture ideals of tolerance, equality, peace, love and drug use. And percussive bass playing

Rubber Soul Album

Cohesive blend of rock, folk, vocal, pop and psychedelia. Introduction of exotic instruments such as "Norwegian wood" (Indian Sitar). Now we are beginning to think about albums as a bit of art on their own. Noted as the "pot album" and as their departure record. Although its a textbook example of verse/chorus, the bass guitar is now functioning as an independent voice.

Folk Rock

Combined force of Bob Dylan's folk music and the Beatles rock music in the mid 60s helped to inspire a hybrid genre known as folk rock Mr. Tambourine Man interpreted as a reference to drugs, transcendental states of consciousness an a call to the creative muse.

Commercial pressure to produce

Commercial pressure to produce was in direct conflict with the band's creative aspirations. "Eight Days a Week" was not entirely finished before the sessions during which recording began. But this would become common practice with the band and one that led to the expanded use of studio technology as an tool in their songwriting process. Used the "fade-in" effect which was a rarity in recorded music at the time. Inspired by the well crafted studio productions of the Beach Boy's Brian Wilson.

Art Rock or Progressive Rock?

Common to both: expanded structural forms that may begin with but move well beyond verse/chorus, or the introduction of novel structures; a greater sense of rhythmic freedom over dance rhythms (move in groups of 5,7,11); nonstandard rock, instrumentation, synthesizes, experimental sounds, or "found" sounds often working in conjunction with rock instruments; advanced harmonic progressions; borrowing of standard techniques Lyrics--> deeper, philosophical, intellectual toward universal topics. Fantasy themes and mythology. Results in a lot of concept albums. Album cover was conceptually representative as well. Became iconic in their own right. Surrealist representation imagery was common in art/prog related to science fiction E.g. George Hard and Pink Floyd album. represents the light show of their live concerts, the album's lyrics content, and their desire for a striking, clean design. Prog more often involves advanced instrumental techniques such as those by classical music virtuosi. Regarded as more challenging, unconventional sounds and use of controlled noise. From class: complete departure from dance music, complete contemplation of the music and ramification of a larger picture. Tempo and meter changes. Extra musical sounds: not necessarily made by an instrument (e.g. Dark side of the moon and clocks). Borrowing of standard musical techniques (from rock to medieval). Abundance of purely instrumental pieces. Criticism: portentous (away from meaning of rock), overdone, grandiose Difference between art and prog: extreme virtuosity is associated with prog rock (e.g. Pink Floyd not a lot of flashy playing).

Kiss

Consider themselves entertainers as opposed to musicians. Their music was less significant in the development of rock than their presence as entertainers. Developed impressive live shows with heavy special effects and theatrics such as elaborate stage lighting, fog, pyrotechnics, fire breathing blood spitting and their signature dramatic costumes and makeup that would become iconic in pop culture Formed by guitarist Paul Stanley, bassist Gene Simmons, dummer Peter Criss and guitarist Ace Refhley. Exploded with the release of Alive! Changed the fate of their recording label Casablanca with their anthemic hit "rock and roll all nite" Their commercial success was staggering. The band represented the marketing of rock at its extreme: produced a move and unprecedented number of products.

Heavy Metal vs Hard Rock

Consistent and stylized use of power chords and modal progressions. Behind the labelling of Zeppelin Van Halen and Deep Purple as Heavy Metal. Song structures are more elaborate and frequently include extended guitar and other instrumental solos. Proportion of instrumental to vocal sections is much greater. Traits are often linked with classical music; heavy metal bands adapted classical models as a basis for musicianship. Tend to focus on darker or more serious subject matter. Concept albums are also common. Their fan base were the most disenfranchised young people: white males from working class no privilege. Heavy metal was the most misunderstood and under appreciated, vilified style of rock genres. Solidified an "us vs. them"

Developments in Pop Music

Disco and disco dancing peaked in popularity between 1974 and 1978. However by the end of the decade it was often difficult to tell the two apart as crossover hits and the inevitable hybridization of rock and disco elements began to occur. Disco was ground zero for the first electronic dance music and played a major role in the development of 1980s pop style.

Dylan Rocks

Disillusionment with the folk scene and commercial success that more pop/rock oriented musicians had in covering his songs made a move into rock. Bringing it All Back home released March 1965 marked the moment of transition between folk and rock. Controversy of heckling at the Newport Folk Festival after his short set. Highway 61 Revisited, released in 1965 marked the full transition into rock. "Like a Rolling," became a global hit. In style and structure it cut through the preexisting boundaries of the conventional rock song. In 2010 the song made Rolling Stone's no. 1 song fo all time. Most important work before the 1960s ended.

Drugs and the Beatles

Drugs played a significant role in influencing their music. It became a public affair by the media. Made casual drug use trendy among young people. Drug references in their music "Lucy in the Sky in Diamond," "With a Little Help from My Friends." Inspire and define the emerging hippie movement and counterculture. The album Help was the last time they would include cover songs (Let it Be is the exception).

Brill Building

Encompasses more than one building and is more a sound and business model. Located specifically at 1619 Broadway Capitalized on the void left in the youth market just after the first wave of rock but moved the emphasis and control away from the individual performer or performance. Identical business model of Tin Pan Alley. Oriented in pop/rock, many went on to have significant performance/recording careers including: Carole King, Paul Simon, Neil Diamond, Neil Sedaka and Burt Bacharach.

Deep Purple

Englaaaaand Commercially successful and musically influential lineup: vocalist Ian Gillan, guitarist Ritchie Blackmore, bassist Roger Glober, organist Jon Lord and drummer Ian Paice. Credited with merging instrumental virtuosity found in baroque and classical music with the world of hard rock and heavy metal in their defining record Machine Head. Including "Smoke on the Water," "Space Truckin'" and "Highway Star" Comparison to the keyboard music of Bach, overt in the keyboard solo of Highway Star owes to the toccata section of Bach's Toccata and Fugue in D minor. Fusion of classical music and hard rock was essential to the development of the heavy metal genre as it pertains to many of the bands of the British Heavy Metal Invasion of the 1980s FROM CLASS: Desire for rock musicians to be seen as legitimate. Extreme level of skill in musicality. The most virtuosic hard rock bands were European. Early music education is more intense than in the US. Exposure to classic music traditions is more.

Girl Groups and Phil Spector

Fashionable int he 1960s was rock-oriented pop music girl groups. Also softened the rock n' roll image. Derived from a combo of 1960s sexism and the type of lyrics common to this specific category. Amalgamation of doo-woop, rock n' roll and pop elements. Between 1960 and 1966 there were 750 girl groups. Key figure--> PHIL SPECTOR: began as a singer/songwriter for a group called Teddy Bears with the famous song "To Know Him Is To Love Him." Known for his wall of sound which involved recording large ensembles, often doubling even tripling certain instruments. Inolved running microphones. Outcome--> is an extremely dense sound with almost no "space" between any of the elements fo musical events. Also applied this technique to The Righteous Brothers: "You've Lost That Lovin'" Also produced John Lennon's "Imagine"

Black Sabbath

First true heavy metal band. Birmingham, England. guitarist Tony Iommi, bassist Geezer Butler, drummer Bill Ward and singer Ozzy Osbourne Changed name from Earth because of other group performing in same area. Title of a horror film Black Sabbath inspired them to write a song with same name, this is how they found their ominous signature sound. Signed to Philips Records in late 1969 and recorded some early demo singles. Images of the occult, crosses heavy and hell and tehri dark personae helped to cultivate a mystique that would become synonymous with heavy metal. self titled debut album reached no.8 on UK chart but torn apart by critics. Recognized as the birth of heavy metal. Album paranoid reached no.12 in the U.S with almost no airplay. Song "War Pigs/Luke's Wall" demonstrates the band's facility for writing longer forms which the lyrics launch an attack on those who make war. Album Master of Reality contained the infamous song "Sweet Leaf" the band's first ode to weed. From 1971, saw them engaging in increasingly self-destructive drug use which would lead to Osbourne's dismissal. Would release several highly successful and influential albums. Low point by 1978 with energetic Van Halen in comparison as opener.

Activist Folk Music

Folk music is by and for "common" people, intrinsically rooted in technical simplicity and accessibility to untrained musicians and very low tech music. Folk music of the 60s was referred to as the "second wave" of folk revival through Tom Paxton, Phil Ochs, Joan Baez and Bob Dylan. Traced back to Woodie Guthrie Key band--> THE WEAVERS (Pete Seeger was a disciple of Guthrie's) but faced political and professional backlash during the Red Scare. Most folk music had been marginalized by the mainstream in the 1950s and so existed in the sphere of college campuses, coffeehouses and open air festivals. OG fans of rock were unsatisfied with the new commercialized rock. Folk music represented a mature expression of the issues that mattered the most to them. Embodied contempt for corporate America, mainstream pop culture, political conservatism, social oppression and expanding military industrial complex. Key figure--> TOM PAXTON: fixture in the Greenwich Village coffeehouse folk music scene around 1962. Addressed issues from racism to 9/11. Very famous for "What did you learn at school today?" Key figure--> PHIL OCHS: Topical singer. Dropped out of Ohio State moved to NYC in 1962. "Too Many Martyrs," "Take Birmingham Jam" and "Power and the Glory." Took his own life in 1976. Key figure--> JOAN BAEZ: "barefoot madonna," "Earth Mother." Wrote about everything from gay rights to environmental causes.

The Who

Formed by Roger Daltrey, Pete Townshend, John Entwistle and Keith Moon. First hit in 1965 with the song "My Generation" a song that came to represent the counter culture of don't trust anyone over 30. extremely loud, aggressive live shows. One of the first major acts to use emerging synthesizer technology Acquired reputation for debauched off stage behavior (e.g. destroying hotel rooms). The Who Sell out, a concept album on which a collection of unrelated songs re linked together by mock advertisements throughout the record. LP Tommy, the first album to be billed as a rock opera.

Queen

Formed by guitarist Brian May, drummer Roger Taylor, bassist John Deacon and singer/pianist Freddie Mercury. Band began toward progressive art/rock with their first two albums, Queen and Queen II. Sheer Heart Attack, released 1974 and produced by Roy Thomas Baker, brought Queen to the international stage. Notable songs include Killer Queen, Stone Cold Crazy with aggressive riffs and brisk tempo Mercury's boundless creative energy and virtually limitless vocal ability made him one of the true giants of the 20th century. A Night at the Opea--> produced Bohemian Rhapsody. Unfolding in several sharply contrasting sections of widely disparate styles. The vocals in this section alone required over three weeks to record and employed 180 vocals overdubs. Leads back to the introspective outro through the use of a musical ritardando. Legacy--> specialized 1970s progressive rock coming to what would be its peak popularity but also the 1970s mainstream listener's willingness to embrace music of a more daring nature. The success of the video made it a common practice and popularized the music video as a medium in itself. Mercury released two solo albums venturing into the realm of opera and musical theatre. The title track to his album Barcelona became the official anthem for the 1922 Summer Olympics. First major music star to die of AIDS. Death prompted a huge growth in public awareness and resulted in money for research including funds willed by Mercury.

Fleetwood Mac

Formed in 1967 by guitarist Peter Green, Dummer Mick Fleetwood and bassist/singer John McVie. Then departure of Green and included McVie's wife, keyboardist/singer Christine McVie, singer Stevie Nicks and guitarist Lindsey Buckingham. Newly formed quintet released their self-titled album and produced several hits including the composition "Rhiannon" Interpersonal dynamic provided inspiration for their next albums Rumors. Couples divorced/broke up. Success brought heavy cocaine and alcohol use. Win Grammy for album of the year and one fo the best selling albums of all time. The optimistic "Dont Stop" offered a message of hope in the midst of depair. Took a hiatus in 1980 that led to break up in 1987.

Supertramp

Formed in London by multi-instrumentalist/vocalists Rich Davies, and Roger Hodgson. Lineup would include bassist Dougie Thomson, drummer Bob Siebenberg and woodwind player John Anthony Helliwell. Album Crime of the Century was a blend of art and prog musical elements with pop sensibility and radio-friendly formats. Spawned two major hits "Dreamer" and "Bloody Well Right" more successful albums Crisis?What Crisis and in the Quietest Moments. Launch them to international superstardom and help give progressive pop an enduring presence on rock radio. Demonstration of why punk had to happen.

Genesis

Founded by keyboardist Tony Banks, bassist/guitarist Mike Rutherford and singer/flutist Peter Gabriel would find success when they were joined by drummer/singer Phil Collins and guitarist Steve Hackett. Album Nursery Cryme was not successful in England but successful on European continent. Foxtrot: "Supper's Ready" three minute epic and melodramatic "Watcher of the skies." Critics praised is as a milestone, creative peak and a pinnacle of art rock. Theatrics and complex music. album Selling England by the Pound one of the most influential prog rock albums of all time. Double length concept album called The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. Would be Peter Gabriel's last tour with the band. One of the most complex concept albums in rock which a sophisticated and surrealist plot centered on a character name Rael. Explores themes of mythology, heaven and hell, fantasy, sexuality and consumerism. Collins assumed the role of lead vocalist. Album And Then There Were Three took the band to a more commercial route. Single "Follow You Follow Me" is representative of the band's new direction. They then embarked on solo careers but never lost touch with progressive beginnings.

Roy Orbison

GO BACK TO EARLIER IN TEXT BOOK. Van Halen scored a huge hit with the hot-rodded version of Pretty Woman. Supergroup--> George Harrison, Tom Petty, Bob Dylan, Orbison who wrote "Handle with Care." His addition of orchestral elements in a rock context significantly challenged the norms of early rock and his richly expressive multiple-octave voice brought an operative quality to his music. Form, in his song "In Dreams," the form can only be described as ABCDEF. Rock's first great nonconformist.

Garage Bands

Garage Bands were middle class teens with little to no musical training and playing on cheap instruments in their parents' garages. Would organize local battle of the band competitions. The appeal was the raw-unrefined sound which was reminiscent of the early days of rock. The Kingsmen--> Portland, OR Ken Chase wanted to record them to sound raw so recorded them live into just three microphones. They were unhappy because of lack of rehearsal time. Chase distributed this version and a rumor began that Ely (vocals) had injected obscenities into parts of the song. The negative attention made it race to the top of the charts.

Stevie Wonder

Given complete control over his productions at Motown in 70's, wrote, produced, and played music of his own material, album-oriented material, complex/original/inventive arrangements featuring early synthesizers; songs in the Key of Life, 1976; "Living for the City" Gifted songwriter was left blind as an infant due to premature birth. Most influential and successful black artist of the decade. Pioneer of electronic keyboards, special effects and emerging synthesizer tech. Reached commercial peak in 1980s and huge scale charity efforts.

Linda Ronstadt

Has been called "The First Lady of Rock," "The Queen of Rock," and the first "Arena-class rock diva." In 1970 was the highest paid female rock musician and has produced numerous multi-million selling albums. First backed by the Eagles. "Poor Pitiful Me" became one of her most signature hits.

Rod Stewart

Has his solo breakthrough in the US in 1971 with the hit "Maggie May" from the self-produced Every Picture Tells a Story. Diverse albums ranking from folk flavored songs to ballads to blues infused rock Grammy, Brit Award, Legends Award and induction into several halls of fame.

A Producer's Role

Helps to shape the vision of a composer of a songwriter and bring his or her artistic intentions into focus before, during, and after the recording process. The extent to which a producer is involved in the recording process varies dramatically. Phil Spector exerted total control over his productions in everything from writing the songs to orchestrating to arranging to engineering, thereby leaving his unique sonic stamp on his work.

Beetlemania and Touring Years: 1962-1966

In October 1962 they released "Love Me Do" and reached no. 17 in the UK charts. Would help to establish verse/chorus form as standard in rock. Songs like "Yesterday," "Hey Jude" used Tin Pan Alley AABA form. Not concerned with their dress and comportment on stage. Epstein suggested that they cultivate and image. in February 1963 they recorded their first full length LP "Please Please Me." Said to be like Buddy Holly Pop with the words being irrelevant. Overwhelming demand for The Beatles led to 3 successive UK tours- one of them with American musician Roy Orbison and led to the term Beatlemania. "Meet the Beatles" marked the band's first official North American release. "I want to hold your hand" reached no. 2 chart position on the day of its released and would become the Beatles first number one hit in the US in two weeks after its release. The form is AABABA, the last A sections sound like a chorus.

Janis Joplin and Grace Slick

Janis Joplin--> a powerhouse and full tilt blues singer. Troubled outcast from Texas, moved to SF in 1966 and worked with Big Brother and the Holding Company. Deeply expressive voice reminiscent of female blues singers like Big Mama Thornton, Ma Rainey and Bessie Smith. Solo careers with the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band. Acclaimed performances at Woodstock and Madison Square Garden. Died of a heroin overdose compounded by alcohol at 27. Most famous recording--> summertime a remake of Gershwin's porgy and bess. Grace Slick--> a psychedelic rock diva. Album Surrealistic Pillow was the second studio album of Jefferson Airplane (later starship) to feature vocalist Grace Slick. Quintessential counterculture psychedelic rock album. "feed your head" obv reference to LSD and other druggos.

Band X and Fusion

Jazz rock fusion, or fusion is a subgenre of art/prog that developed from the influences of jazz, psychedelia, progressive music and the visceral power of rock, and evolved along its own lines. Didn't care about commercial appeal. Flavored artistically ambitious and complex music. Greater extremes: purely instrumental pieces were the rule not exception: improv solo, different time signatures, and intricate time signature changes, dense textures, highly advanced and unconventional harmonic progressions. Most intense of the art rock genre. Brand X is representative of the genre. Formed by guitarist John Goodsall, bassist Percy Jones and would ultimately include eighteen other musicians. Phil Collins of Genesis played drums and sang on three of the four albums. Debut album unorthodox Behavior also included Robin Lumley. Evolved into several different directions for example so called smooth jazz because highly commercialized fusion based style in 1980s. From Class: sub-genre of progressive rock, jazz and rock fused.

Jim Morrison and The Doors

Jim Morrison and Ray Manzarek formed the band called Soon the Doors House band at the Whisky a Go-Go club Signed with Elektra Records in 1966 released first album in 1967, The Doors "Light My Fire" became a no. 1 hit Blues based, mainstream rock Morrison had a dark quality to his voice lyrics typically about death, violence, darkness, and sexuality. or expressed concepts and imagery that were sharply at odds with counterculture ideologies. Waiting for the Sun 1968, third album only no. 1 album "Hello, I Love You" no. 1 single 1969 Morrison was a drug addict and alcoholic 1970s The Soft Parade was soft rock brass, strings, and backup vocals album hit Top 10 "Touch Me" rose to no. 3 Morrison Hotel (1970) mainstream rock L.A. Woman (1971) Morrison's last album Top 10 "Lover Her Madly" and "Riders on the Storm" Top 20 singles. The power of the second verse lies in what is not overtly stated. Dorian mode--> giving it a somber feel and bleak overall character. Died in a bathtub of a drug and alcohol overdose at 27.

Eric Clapton and Cream

Joined drummer Ginger Baker and bassit/vocalist Jack bruce to form Cream. Came to be formed as a power trio. would record four albums: Fresh Cream, Disrael Gear, Wheels of Fire and Goodbye. Best known for their live performances. Created a successful blend of British psychedelia Clapton ranked as no. 2 on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 greatest guitarists of all time.

Meeting/Influence Bob Dylan

Lennon's lyrics for "I'm a loser" would begin to assume a more serious cast (because of Dylan's influence). Transition from writing mindless expressions of young love. In NYC 1964, met Bob Dylan at the Delmonico Hotel and at this period Dylan would turn the Beatles on to pot. Intense experimentation with drugs marked an expansion in their songwriting style and they would soon begin experimenting with their song arrangements while in the recording studio.

Lennon and McCartney after the Beatles

Lennon--> collabs with his wife Yoko Ono and became more involved in highly publicized war protests. Remained active until 1975 collabs with Ringo Starr, Elton John and co-writing Bowie's first US hit "Fame," before retiring to be a stay-at-home day to his son. McCartney--> collabs with wife Linda McCartney. Formed the band Wings in 1970, and reunited with producer George Martin to record hit "Live and Let Die" as the title track to the 1973 James Bond film. Which features dramatic orchestrations. Activism with PETA, the Humane Society, Make Poverty History, etc.

The Sex Pistols

Malcolm McLaren made the Sex Pistols. Promoting the band, developed their look (using his clothing from his shop) and booking gigs. guitarist Steve Jones, bassist Glen Matlock, drummer Paul Cook and John Lydon a.k.a "Johnny Rotten." "we're not into music, we're into chaos." The Sex Pistols found their musical direction after hearing the Ramones and learning the basics of their instruments Signed with EMI in 1976 What they had from the beginning, however, was the ability to shock, provoke, confront, and incite riot. Lyrics were more political and caustic as their first single "Anarchy in the UK" indicates. The message of the Sex Pistols resonated throughout the UK The Sex Pistols embodied the essence of punk in 1977 Sid Vicious (Simon Ritchie) would replace Matlock on bass. Self destructed in 1978 because of internal conflict: MacLaren's exploitation of the band, increasing problematic behavior of Vicious exacerbated by his heroin addiction (died from heroin overdose in 1979). Embodied life on the edge and burnt out as quickly as they rose.

Cultural Context of the 60s

Marked the time when American popular culture and society "grew up" geopolitical--> witnessed the Vietnam War, escalation of Cold War, ongoing arms race, space race, political assasinations of John Kennedy, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King and JFK. second wave of feminism counterculture--> drug/sexual revolution, gay rights movement, widespread social unrest. Rock music would come to be inextricably connected with many of the important social, cultural and political developments of the decades. Innovated production techniques.

Parliament/Funkadelic/P-Funk

Masterminded by visionary musicians George Clinton, the band known as the other names is a collective of more than 15 musicians who pioneered the genres of funk and funk rock. Praised for high level musicianship and dazzling stage shows, and are credited for speeding up the development of disco, hip-hop, electronica and new wave Bootsy Collins who pioneered a highly influential style of percussive bands playing known as slap bass.

Frank Zappa

Most productive artists of any type in the entire 20th century. Zappa acted in and directed films and videos, produced music and was a successful author. Active social and political commentator who was a big critic of mainstream education, religion and censorship. Zappa was a brilliant satirist, a gifted guitar virtuoso and electronics wizard and musical pioneer. Debut Album of Freak Out! With his band The Mothers of Invention was a satirical exposition of American pop music and culture. Not commercially nor critically successful. Well received in Europe. "Who are the Brain Police" Political--> testified in front of the Parents Music Resource Center against rating system for "sexual" song lyrics. Encouraged fans/audiences to vote, having polling stations and considered a bid for presidency Died of prostate cancer

Kansas and American Prog

Most significant American prog band. Was formed from a collective of musicians working in Topeka. Formed by keyboardist/vocalist/percussionist Steve Walsh, guitarist/keyboardist/vocalist Kerry Livgren, violinist/vocalist Robby Steinhardt, guitarist Rich Williams, bassist Dave Hope and drummer Phil Ehart. Second album Song for America was praised for intensity but only mildly commercially successful. Title-track structured piece was also edited down to a three minute single. Come to be known as one of their masterpieces from their obscure early periods. Breakthrough album Leftoverture. Marked the beginning of their peak commercial period. Point of Know Return album. The title track and deeply philosophical ballad would become hit singles as well as enduring classics of rock radio. Music engrained in pop culture through movies, television and video games.

After- India trip for the Beatles

Next LP The Beatles more commonly known as the White Album had a connection in India or were written then. Turmoil over the recording period: Ringo quit for two weeks, Martin took a sudden leave of absence and Geoff Emerick quit entirely Lennon started losing interest: showed with the no girlfriend policy The White album is known as their most diverse album and marks a departure from the highly experimental nature of three previous albums "Blackbird" tender acoustic ballad with artful touches such as changing tempo inspired by the overdubs of a bird song. The song is a metaphor for the civil rights struggles. Inspired by Bach's Bourree in E minor. "Revolution 1" is an alternative version of "Revolution" which was originally released as a single. Song is a blues/rock/doo-wop/avant garde piece laden with studio effects. Response to several violent political protests occuring in the world around 1968.

The Yellow Submarine Album

Not viewed as an important release but fufilling contractual obligations. 6 Beatles songs (4 new ones)

Led Zepplin

Potent blend of psychedelic blues, heavy grooves, folk and Celtic elements with ultra catchy guitar riffs and vocal lines, and even elements of country and jazz. Tours consistently set new attendance and earnings records as well as new standards for the rock concert as a sheet spectacle. Fans preferred to see them live in concert Did not have the luxury to spend a lot of money on their first studio album. Bu the master tapes enabled Led Zeppelin to negotiate a contract with Atlantic Records which was conducive to Page's desire for artistic freedom Second album: Led Zeppelin II, was a commercial success and was better received by critics than their debut. Reached no 1 in both the US and the UK "Whole lotta Love" epitomizes this guitar centered, blues driven approach that will form the foundations of heavy metal, as well as a heavily distorted sounds. Led Zeppelin III, was written by Page and Plant while they too a break from touring. The bucolic surroundings and lack of electric power inspired them to reconnect with their acoustic folk roots, which became a partial focus for the album. Led Zeppelin IIII: Bands intention was to create a sense of anonymity which would baffle the press. The net effect, went much farther: they conjured a powerful mystique that would envelope the band and another essential dimension to the image of the rock star. Considered "genre masterpiece" and a "monolithic cornerstone" with the most iconic being StairWay to Heaven: just over 8 minutes, frequently hailed as one of the greatest rock songs of all time. Four parts giving it a Renaissance flavor: main slow rock section, a long unfolding guitar solo and a final hard rock section that ends by hanging unresolved chord over an a-capella epilogue Album 5, Houses of Holy marked a deeper immersion into advanced studio techniques and overdubbing a shift away from heavy blues deviation; stylistic explorations of reggae, funk and progressive rock. Physical Graffiti, a double length collection of 8 new originals and seven previously recorded but unused tracks. Formed a label Swan Song. It was the first album ever to reach sales of one million in advance orders alone. Particular highlight is Kashmir that can be described as Eastern influenced orchestral rock and is at once cosmic, exotic, progressive and driving. During Recuperation of Robert Plant (car accident) they wrote new material for album Presence that sold well but mixed reaction. Film: the Song Remains the Same. Mixed documentary and several fantasy sequences. Financially successful tour with riots however. In Through The Out Door- last album of original material. The song "Fool in the Rain", the pattern is based on a blues shuffle but is distinguished by its slow, heavy rock groove which emphasized the third beat of every measure. Drummer Bonham collapsed and was hospitalized. Autopsy revealed death from asphyxiation from vomit and it was ruled an accident. The band issued a statement in Dec 1980 saying they could not continue without Bonham. FROM CLASS: * Low budget approach and the secured recording deal with Atlantic records * Jimmy Page was the producer and secured artistic freedom of his band. * First album did well commercially but not critically. Second album is seen as the blueprint of heavy metal and was recited well critically. * Third album: needing a break from the road, they rented a cabin in England. Writing with acoustic and vocal. It comes out and has a fully acoustic track: Celtic and folk sounds. Critics were very fierce, but well received by fans. * Fourth album (unofficially Led Zeppelin IIII). Featured no name or band name. They said if the critics don't know what to call it they can't say anything bad about it. What they started to do is created a powerful mystique around the rock musician. Part of the fabric of rock culture. Live repertoire of bands, play on ideas of mystery- detachment of real life. Accusations of satin worship. Virtuosity in composition and song writer.

ZZ Top

Power trio of singer/guitarist Billy Gibbons, bassist Dusty Hill and drummer Frank Beard came together as ZZ Top in 1969. Mainstream hard rock in 1973 with the third album Tres Hombres. Propped by Gibbons' distinctive guitar style and Beard's finesse with power drumming it melded polished perfection with expressive blues power. Randago would reach number 10. Finished out the 1970s with a platinum, major label success of Deguello and "Cheap Sunglasses".

Punk Rock

Punk rock hits the music scene with such groups as the Sex Pistols, who would spit at the audience. Sprung from a position of rejecting the excess that was apparently eroding the soul of rock and the music industry. It was rock music rebelling against itself.

The Ramones

Queens, NY bassist Dee Dee Ramone, guitarist Johnny Ramone, singer Joey Ramone and drummer Tommy Ramone played their first gig at a Manhattan club CBGB in Aug 1974. one critic described it as a "wall of noise," because they were loud, fast and their songs were all short and direct. Secured them a regular spot. Leading of the NY underground punk scene. Sire Records released their debut album, Ramones in 1976. Commercially the album was a failure and reviews were mixed. Legacy--> standing as cultural icons is incongruent with their lack of commercial success, had an enduring influence.

Bob Marley and Reggae

Raggae fusion of native calypso music, American R and B, and jazz styles. Emphasizes backbeat heavy syncopation Lyrically, rife with political and social criticism which reflect the social climate in Jamaica. Credited with bringing reggae to the world stage in the mid 70s and is the musician most commonly associated with the style.

Mainstream Rock (1970s)

Rock had become a multigenerational affair and what sounded good to the older fans now likely sounded out of date to younger audiences. Market opened for teens and older hoomans. Allowed for one fo the most richly diverse decades in rock music history. Sgt. Pepper's and by the 197-0s had become the standard format for rock recording. FM radio stepped in to support these changes with album oriented rock station. Massive concern tours in arena and stadium settings became an integral part of the rock landscape in the 70s. As did special effects. Romantic concept of rock star started to take place.

The Eagles

Ronstadt, drummer/singer Don Henley, guitarist/singer Glenn Frey, bassist/singer Randy Meisner and guitarist/singer Bernie Leadon with producer Glyn Johns. Country rock that characterized the band's first several recordings. Band's rick harmony singing and country backgrounds First hit song: Take It Easy: an acoustic guitar riff accompanied by a clean, twangy electric guitar and just a hint of a bass line opens the song; a gentle rock beat comes in just before the vocal. Desperado was a theme album that compared the lives of old west outlaws to that of rock starts. Bill Szymczyk (producer) recruited Don Felder as an additional guitarist and had more edgier music. With Joe Walsh the band's sound would grow even edgier and they would produce most well known music such as Hotel California.

The Grateful Dead

Single handedly pioneered the jam band genre. Formed by singer and guitarist Jerry Garcia, guitarist Bob Weir, keyboardist Ron Mckernan, bassist Phil Lesh and drummer Bill Kreutzmann. Unique blend of folk, bluegrass, country, jazz like improv, rock and psychedelia. Because of highly improv nature it was well suited to live performance. Participated in acid tests, lived among their fans, played free and charity concerns, and espoused the hippie lifestyle. Very little help from radio or mainstream commercial sources of music. More than 2300 concerns. Various drug arrests and complicated alcohol relationships. "Casey Jones" was one of the tunes to become a staple of classic rock.

Heart

Sisters Ann Wilson and Nancy Wilson, vocals and guitar debut album of Dreamboat Annie ("Magic Man," "Crazy on You"). Guitarist Roger Risher, guitarist/keyboardist Howard Leese, bassist Steve Fossen and drummer Michael DeRosier. High effective mix of hard rock and folk which would propel them to mainstream stardom, place the Wilson sisters in the top echelon of female rock musicians and hear praise on of the most diverse bands of the 70s. Legal battle ensued when they opted to leave their early label, Mushrooms Records, and signed with Portrait Records a satellite of CBS. Resulted in simultaneous released of Magazine on Mushroom and Little Queen of CBS. Both issues of Magazine were well received and produced AOR singles. "Barracuda" became a signature song as well as a pioneering effort in the development of percussive heavy metal guitar.

Jimi Hendrix

Solo career only spanned 4 years. Began in Seattle WA in 1960. Discharged from the army because of unsuitability Gained experience backing Sam Cooke, Wilson Pickett and Jackie Wilson. Introduced to Keith Richard's girlfriend whose connections led to Chas Chandler. Hendrix would rise to global fame. Approach to the guitar had expanded to employ newly emerging special effects such as the wah-wah pedal the control feedback as a musical device. Breakthrough in the US after a performance at the Monterey Pop Musical Festival in June 1967. Second album Axis released late in the UK because they did not want to disrupt the sales of the debut album. / EXP showcases use of stereo imagine which helped to pioneer Headphones only rock. Electric Lady-land crowning achievement and was the most commercially successful. Production duties were thus assumed by Hendrix himself. Tensions between Hendrix on the Redding on the road and in studio led to the breakup of the Experience in 1969. Made a headlining appearance at the Woodstock Festival with a mythical rendition of the national anthem that was v controversial. Pronounced dead at St. Mary's Abbots hospital in London because of asphyxia brought on by barbiturates. Guitar playing was virtuosic. Single-handedly sped the development of hard rock, funk, heavy metal and hip hop and has impacted every pop rock genre in some way. No. 1 of Rolling Stone's 100 greatest guitarists.

James Taylor

Success in 1970 with his second studio album, Sweet Baby James. The breakthrough hit from the album was "Fire and Rain," a confessional tale inspired by Taylor's battle with drugs and the loss of a childhood friend to suicide. The song showcases the conversational approach to music and storytelling that will come to define Taylor as an artist. Also highlights his deceptively simple guitar style. Song is an alternating verse/chorus structure. Subtle differences in the chorus when it repeats. Also involved with social issues and appearances in movies and TV.

America

Successful and popularity through the 70s was indicative of the enduring popularity of folk rock in the mainstream. Vocalist Dewey Bunnell, Gerry Beckley and Dan Peek who met in Britain as sons of military personnel. Wanted a more psychedelic rock but producer Ian Samwell convinced them to develop a more folk rock style. Spawned to hits A Horse With No Name and I Need You. Popularity went thorugh a succession of valleys and peaks. 1977--> Peek left the band to pursue his faith and record Christian music.

Brian Wilson's Pet Sounds and Good Vibrations

The Beach Boys' album Pet Sounds is known as Wilson's solo project. Known to have deeply affected the music and recording techniques of The Beatles from Revolver On. Pet sounds was noted by many critics as the recording that helped rock to snowball into a self conscious art form. It is the earliest example of progressive rock. Well received in the United Kingdom but not in the US. Good Vibrations--> single most influential recording in establishing the recording studio as an instrument unto itself. Instrumentation and texture vary dramatically from section to section.

Music Festivals

The Fantasy Fair Magic Mountain Music Festival and Monterey Pop Festival encouraged enterprising concern promoters and increase of multi-day festivals. Most legendary was Woodstock August 15-18 1969 in Bethel, NY. Ended up being a free concern with an overwhelming number of attendees with technical and logistical issues that were not solved.

Santana

The Santana Blues Band was formed in 1967 by Mexican born guitarist Carlos Santana. Known as Latin Rock. Latin elements exist in the rhythm and percussion. "Soul sacrifice" album charts and established the band as a global force in Latin rock. Interplay of rock licks between Santana and Rolie and a heavy battery of percussion and various solo passages including a drum solo.

The Twist: Rock Oriented Dance Craze

The Twist originally released by Hank Ballard on the independent King Label in 1959. 12 bar blues progression over a rock n' roll beat with a teen oriented lyrics about a dance known as the twist. Key Figure--> Hank Ballard, Ernest Evans (supposed to record The Twist). Played a lot on teen show American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark, featuring studio-audience teens enjoying and dancing to the latest records. Clark's wife thought he should change his name to Chubby Checker. The Twist can be done in pairs, groups or alone with no physical contact so it was not viewed as unseemly to parents. After reaching no.1 in 1960, it resurfaced in 1962.

British youth-oriented styles

Trad--> traditionally influenced by american jazz, boogie-woogie, jump bands and blues Skiffle--> emerged as an often amateurish folk music based offshoot of trad. Very little musical skills are required.

The Beatles Formation

Would be called "Rock's Perfect Storm," and fostered a great deal of cultural cross pollination In March 1957, 16yr old John Lennon formed a skiffle group called the Quarrymen. In July he met Paul McCartney. In Feb 1958 he introduced him to George Harrison. The term "Beat" and "British Beat" music began to used to describe the musical style of bands that were working in the local and regional scene. Eventually dubbed "Merseybeat." In May 1962 they auditioned producer George Martin In collab with Martin they began recording at Abbey Road Studios. And Ringo Starr joined the group.

The Yardbirds

Would morph into Led Zepplin Formed by Eric Clapton, Keith Reif, Chris Dreja, Paul Samwell Smith, Jim McCarty. Jeff Beck who joined the band and was performing with them. They produced a no of hit singles and had a innovative use of distorted guitar tones and guitar feedback as a musical device. "Shapes of Things" features a lyrics both pro-env and antiwar. Music moves through triplet, eighth note and sixteenth note subdivisions. Jimmy Page would replace bassist until Reja could transition into bass. by 1968 they were experiencing a decline in commercial success.

Billy Joel

Wouldn't skyrocket until 1977 with the album Stranger with song "Piano Man" Although soft rock artists was able to produce songs with a harder edge: "street kid" First of a small number fo american musicians to play in the soviet union in the late 1980s during Cold War.

Yes

Yes is one of the most prolific bands of the rock era, and with a lineup that has included 19 different members. Formed by bassist Chris Square and singer Jon Anderson in London 1968. , widely considered the most significant period. Included guitarist Steve Howe, keyboardist Tony Kaye and drummer Bill Bruford. "Yours is no Disgrace" is representative of the band's maturing sense of musical identity. Fragile represented a new conception for the band. Increase in the band's use of the more sprawling formal structures associated with classical music. Most famous song "Roundabout" brief acoustic guitar introduction, two verses followed by a bridge. Third major section characterized by a repeated riff overlaid with complex vocal lines. Richly arranged vocal scat section brings the song to a quiet close on a descending acoustic guitar riff. Album Close to the Edge is praised as light years ahead of their emulators. Tormato would be the last Yes album of the decade. Critics were fairly harsh claiming the album represented the bloated excesses of early 1970s prog.

Teen Idols

clean cut, wholesome singers that major labels promoted in the late 1950's and early 1960's to counter the success of independent label R&B and Rock and Roll. Teen idols sang songs written by professional songwriters Key figures--> BOBBY RYDELL

San Francisco Scene

geographical hub for the hippie counterculture of the alte 1960s. Sacred Mosque was Haight and Ashbury an intersection in a heretofore ordinary neighborhood in SF. Artists like Grateful Dead and Jefferson Airplane lived communally among the local music scene. Be-ins loosely organized gatherings meant to emphasize personal empowerment and heightened consciousness. COUNTERCULTURE HUB

Pink Floyd

guitarist Syd Barrett, bassist Roger Waters, drummer Nick Mason and keyboardist Rick Wright formed in London. Hired guitarist David Gilmore. (First album: piper something gates of dawn). The Dark Side of the Moon would become a global force in art/prog rock. Explores themes of greed, violence, mental illness the passage of time, the passages of time, the pressures of travel and mortality. Most notable is the found sounds and spoken dialogue (register, coins, clocks, helicopter). Demonstrated in "Brain Damage" Nod to classical tradition: in an exceedingly common classical form known as sonata form, composer introduces material, or themes which are subsequently developed into full blown composition. Links them to the greatest masters of classical music Massive global success came possibilities for greater studio experimentation and expansion of their live show and increase of interpersonal chaos. 1977's album Animals is based on on the Orwellian concept of various classes in society being represented by different animals from his novel Animal Farm. Recorded the Wall, Waters assumed most total creative control. Work done in isolation. Rock Opera tells story of "Pink" based on Syd Barrett and on Waters. Traumatic experiences throughout his life (death of his father during WW2, overbearing mother, abusive teachers, violence and hallucinations. "The Wall" is a metaphor for Pink's growing sense of alienation from the rest of the world; each of his negative experiences are the bricks of which it is built. "In the Flesh?" return as the melody of the albums closing track and the organ sequence which interrupts these opening notes is heard again the "evolved" iteration of "In the Flesh." During each concert, a 40ft wall was gradually constructed between the band and the audience. Animated visuals produced by cartoonist artist Gerald Scarfe depicting disturbing renderings of characters and scenes from the albums storyline were projected onto section of the wall. Wagner Leitmotifs in the Wall. Movie version released in 1982 From Class: The Wall based upon Syd Barrett. After financial success they paid for Syd Barrett. Most monumental work during the 70s.

Journey

veterans of Santana: guitarist Neil Schon, Keyboardist/singer Gregg Rolie joined by bassist Ross Valloy, guitarist George Tickner and drummer Aynsley Dunbar. Between 1975-1977 they were not finding success in the jazz rock fusion genre. Replaced Fleishman with Steve Perry Breakthrough album, Infinity in 1978. Several AOR hits: "Feeling That Way/Anytime" and "Wheel in the Sky" Evolution album they would continue their partnership with Baker, however Dunbar was replaced by drummer Steve Smith. Album Departure in 1980. Development of the power ballad (songs that showed the softer side of hard rockers with ennourmous commercial appeal). Music has become well integrated into the popular culture through numerous placements in film, TV, Video Games and Broadway.

New Wave

was first a kind of description of a more musical and lyrically complex music than punk. It was a term sometimes ironically used to describe punk bands "who had learned to play their instruments". Emerged a long side punk, sought return to the musical simplicity that characterized early rock with a modern approach. Bands like Talking Heads and Blondie helped to build a bridge between new wave and early 1980s pop rock.