Multicultural Studies Final
The legislation that prohibits discrimination by housing lenders and landlords is called:
the Fair Housing Act
the mastermind and primary spokesperson for the United Negro Improvement Association was
Marcus Garvey
Which of the following is most likely to work as a form of "cultural capital"?
ability to distinguish between works of classical music
What is Victoria's Secret's "Sexy Little Geisha" merchandise an example of?
the racist aesthetic
What are the limits of "diversity training"?
Diversity training has expanded to incorporate so much difference that it signals human variation instead of calling forth structural racism.
When we say that interactions operate at the "mezzanine level of social structure," what does that mean?
Interactions between people and the styles of interactions others observe of people in groups are patterned, reflect social structure, and are sometimes generalized into racial assumptions.
Although the KKK was largely a white Protestant movement, formed with the explicit purpose of promoting racial and ethnic conflict, it wasn't the only one. Another example the textbook gives is _______ associations established to wage battle with ______ ones.
Irish; Italian
When an individual is the victim of a hate crime, how does that crime typically impact the larger racial and ethnic community of which he or she is a part?
It puts community members on notice by making them aware that there are people out there who want to hurt them.
The practice known as "Mississippi appendectomy" is best described by which of the following?
a forced sterilization performed on a poor black woman in the South as practice for medical residents at teaching hospitals
The dismantling of many Jim Crow Era segregation policies is an example of what type of change?
a legal and institutional change
According to Elijah Anderson, a "cosmopolitan canopy" is:
a pluralistic space where people come to appreciate one another's differences and empathize with each other
A metaphor for the multicultural framework that the textbook mentions is:
a salad bowl
According to sociologist Kenneth Clark, for some inner-city African American and Latina women, an out-of-wedlock birth is
a symbol of their womanhood
In many U.S. classroom settings, students of color are often dubbed the "experts" on race through what practice?
asking students of color to speak for an entire population
What is the sociological term that refers to the sum of one's knowledge about established and valued cultural activities and practices?
cultural capital
Because many American Indians are married to non-American Indians, they often find themselves looking through the cultural lens of their partners and expanding their perspective. This type of emotional work is called:
cultural labor
homophily
is a matter of pulling friends in
what is the way for nonwhite artists to free themselves from the dominance of the white gaze?
depict people of color as full, complex humans
In 1930s America, economic pressures resulted in which of the following impacts for nonwhite families?
efforts to force repatriations of Mexicans and Mexican Americans to Mexico
If a person seeks to expand his or her cultural awareness by changing his or her social settings and experiences, that person is:
engaging in indirect individual change
Formalized legal restrictions against interracial marriages during the 1950s was a type of
external sanction
What was the primary objective of cultural reeducation of American Indians?
force them to assimilate into Anglo-American society and culture
One problem with Horace Kallen's ideal of a hyphenated, culturally pluralistic society is that ______________.
it doesn't address the obstacles hindering the incorporation of nonwhites into a majority-white nation
Aside from limiting professional options for nonwhite models, what is one consequence of the over-representation of white models in the fashion industry?
it reinforces the features of white women as the standards of beauty
Shamus Khan argues that highly privileged students at the nation's most elite private schools benefit most from:
learning an attitude of cultural ease
Annette Laureau, author of Unequal Childhoods, argues that class differences in parenting are:
mostly about language, attitudes, and behaviors
African American fraternal lodges and federations (such as the Masons)
nurtured African American solidarity and supported many instances of civil rights advocacy
Noting that being from the inner-city, the suburbs, or a rural area is acknowledging the importance of ________________ as a part of individual identity.
geography
Research shows that students of color are about 10 percent more likely to experience what in college classrooms compared to their white peers?
harassment and feelings of being unwelcome
A white politician, acknowledging the ways in which policies he previously supported have negatively impacted communities of color, makes the statement that he "only hopes that I can somehow change who I am in my remaining lifetime and pass on to my children what I've learned. . ." In this example, the man most likely:
has confronted how his identity and actions feed racism
Data from a study of contemporary Internet (online) dating showed that the group of women most likely to exclude men from their own racial category as potential mates was:
heterosexual Asian women
Black women are the least likely group in American society to marry. Some analysts even estimate rates as low as what?
one in three black women will marry in her lifetime.
Audience conduct that is "orderly, regulated, learned, prosperous, and civilized" is characteristic of:
highbrow culture
From a sociological perspective, what is the problematic underlying assumption behind the increasingly popular question, "why do white youth love hip-hop?"
hip-hop has not reached the status of "true art."
The term we use to describe the cause of strong racial variation in civil participation is:
homophily
The textbook authors use the example that Latina/o teens are more likely than Anglo teens to "make fun of people who try to do well in school" to illustrate which concept?
oppositional culture
Immigrant organizations often aim to help with adjustment to American society. For example, organizations such as the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association and the Chinese-American Planning Council.
oversee English-language classes, career training, and cultural events
Which industry that exploits the economic plight of the poor and racial minorities does Chapter 11 note as having more stores across the United States than McDonald's restaurants?
pay-day lenders
on one hand, racial tourism can denaturalize racial categories and provide people with a kind of racial freedom that offline life does not permit. On the other hand, too often racial tourism:
reinforces racial divides through stereotypes
In American history, the assimilation model:
required that people adopt the predominant cultural norms of the established society of power and influence while minimizing the practices of their racial/ethnic groups
Achieving commercial success at the expense of a political message or an artist's authenticity is often referred to as what?
selling out
In 1895, Booker T. Washington gave a speech known as "the Atlanta compromise." In it, he suggested that appropriate race relations were comparable to the relationship between:
the fingers and the hand
When the membership of a racial justice social movement is itself multiracial:
the goals of the movement are reflected in its composition
When a person says that "a person's character counts more than race" when competing for jobs or school admissions, they are relying on:
the ideology of color-blindness
In the United States, the census bureau classifies Hispanic-origin people as being either racially black or racially white. This classification is an example of:
society's symbolic order
The sale of imitation Native American headdresses at popular music festivals by non-Native groups to be worn predominately by non-Native Americans, thereby weakening the political and cultural significance of the headdress is an example of
strategic amnesia
Alabama did not remove language from its state constitution prohibiting interracial marriage until 2000. Though not legally binding, the language operated as a powerful:
symbol
The Internet was used effectively to extend the reach of the Hawaiian language revitalization movement, demonstrating that:
the internet can be a useful tool for building community and providing avenues for people to communicate in their language and redeem interest in and use of that language
Jeremy, who is white, has been thinking about how he teases his friend Lee, who is Asian, about being "good at math." Jeremy has recently come to realize that by making such claims, he is using a stereotype and has determined to stop making such jokes. This type of personal change is a result of:
the openness of Jeremy to deliberate reflection and self-criticism about his actions
what is an example of cultural appropriation?
the presentation of whiteness in Abercrombie and Fitch ads
Treating whiteness as the universal default category is an example of what?
the white aesthetic
Your textbook mentions films like Mississippi Burning, To Kill a Mockingbird, Black Hawk Down, and The Matrix. What common movie theme do these films present?
the white savior theme
Kathleen Blee conducted research on women who were involved in white supremacist groups and found that most:
were middle class, had college educations, and were gainfully employed
An aspect of the color-blind ideology called "color-blind racism" occurs when:
whites use the language and rhetoric of color-blindness to discriminate against blacks and other people of color
what is narrowcasting?
creating television shows designed to target specific racial or ethnic groups
What roadblock strategy was responsible for slowing the pace of desegregation?
"public placement"
According to the textbook authors, when it comes to confronting people who make racist comments:
According to the textbook authors, when it comes to confronting people who make racist comments:
Mainstream American society contains many misconceptions about American Indian spirituality and Christianity, including the idea that:
American Indians incorporate traditional practices, such as praying to animals and nature, prioritizing these practices as more central than Christian scripture and rituals
Robert Putnam, the author of the modern classic Bowling Alone, argues which of the following about American civil society?
Americans' participation in civil society is a way to gauge how trustful and connected we are to one another, and by those indicators, American civil society is in trouble
Comparing Asian Americans who are Christian to Asian Americans who are Buddhist indicates that:
Asian American Buddhists in the US have adapted their worship patterns because many Buddhist temples have conformed to the structure of American worship patterns, meeting only on the weekends like Christian churches
How did the YWCA change during the twentieth century?
Black women organized and helped transform the YWCA from a racially segregated organization into one that prioritized racial justice
Which of the following is most true about evangelical Christian megachurches?
By preaching interracial solidarity, over a third of megachurches can be defined as multiracial
During the period of urbanization in American society that was part of the industrial revolution, America imported a model of slum exploitation that had been widespread in what region?
Europe
where can we find the roots of our problematic ideas about "cultural authenticity"?
European colonizers
In what way does whiteness impact the field of anthropology?
Marginalized populations are treated as exotic objects of study
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relationship among Christian religious congregations, race and ethnicity, and the neighborhoods churches are located in?
Most churches are approximately ten times less racially diverse than the neighborhoods in which they are located.
which group is the most likely to drop out of high school
Native Americans
What is one way that racism is embedded in the structure of schools, as described in the textbook?
Students are tracked such that whites and Asians have disproportionate access to the most intellectually stimulating classes
Which of the following is a true statement about hate groups in the United States?
The United States has experienced a recent resurgence of hate groups?
According to the textbook, what is the relationship between societal attitudes about interracial marriage and raising the question, "What about the children?"
The question is often positioned as a rationalization for being opposed to interracial marriages and comes frequently as a way to package that disapproval without being forthright.
according to sociologist Georg Simmel, what happens when lower classes begin to copy the fashions of the upper class?
The upper class abandons the style and finds something new
Which of the following did Edward Morris find in his ethnography of white students in a majority black school in Texas?
The white students used the term "white" to insult one another for personality traits such as being nerdy.
What is the 80/20 phenomenon?
This is the idea that roughly 80 percent of social change is brought about by 20 percent of the population.
Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why homosexuality is viewed by some African Americans as a predominantly "white" phenomenon?
Which of the following is an accurate explanation for why homosexuality is viewed by some African Americans as a predominantly "white" phenomenon?
What is one reason that the antiracist aesthetic is not featured as prominently in venues such as art museums?
Whites are over represented in positions of power in such venues
Andi, a twenty-three-year old white woman, hesitated to introduce her African American boyfriend to her parents, who are both white. All of her friends from college have already met her boyfriend. According to the textbook, what might this decision say about attitudes toward interracial dating?
Younger people tend to be more accepting of interracial dating than older people are.
The "ghetto pass" in Ice Cube's song "True to the Game" is:
an implied right to authentic blackness that can be taken away if one acts outside of race norms
When people examine the overlap of their own intersecting identities, they may be likely to overlook the impact of their privileged identities, as described in which of the following examples?
an upper-middle-class black woman who minimizes the role of her economic position
In what way might Margaret Mead's classic ethnographic study, Coming of Age in Samoa: A Psychological Study of Primitive Youth for Western Civilization, illustrate the whiteness in education?
by describing the people in the study as uniform and homogenous
Which of the following best describes the legal strategy of the NAACP campaign to end school segregation?
challenged that segregated schools were not equal
Which best summarizes educational current completion rates by race?
completion rates for both high school and college have increased for all racial groups
What is one way antiracist art responds to the racist aesthetic?
correcting distorted representations of nonwhites
An art museum recently decreased the price of admission, instituted admission-free Sundays, and offered free art education classes at a nearby low-income public school. These efforts can help the museum to:
increase attendance among the poor and working class
During the early-to-mid twentieth century, labor unions largely remained racially homogeneous, white dominated, and exclusionary. When they did promote integration, as early as the late 1800s through the Civil Rights Movement, an advantage of this integration was that:
integrated labor unions helped challenge the dominant stereotype of black, Hispanics, and other people of color as "strikebreakers"
Though often forced to attend boarding schools run by Christian missionaries and later the federal government, American Indian students regularly resisted this "indoctrination into whiteness." Which of the following, as described in Chapter 7, is an example of such resistance?
performing important ceremonies in secret
Which features of affirmative action do most Americans overestimate?
prevalence and power
In most U.S. public universities, the fact that Muslim students are required to attend classes during Ramadan is an example of what?
privileging of certain groups' history, culture, and needs over others'
Which of the following suggestions do the textbook authors provide as a potential way to encourage equity in secondary education?
provide incentives for highly experienced teachers with the best qualifications to teach in disadvantaged schools
When an Indian American father tells his teenage daughter to be chaste and traditional and not promiscuous and weak like white American women, he is alluding to the way in which:
racial identity is defined through certain sexual practices and performances
To argue that schools should adjust their curriculum so that African, Asian, and indigenous accounts of history be incorporated with equal weight alongside European accounts is to advocate for:
racial justice and democracy
Normal Rockwell's paintings and country music songs that reminisce over the "good old days" are examples of what concept?
racial nostalgia
What makes some comedy fit into the racist aesthetic and other comedy fit into the antiracist aesthetic?
racist comedy relies on stereotypes; antiracist comedy uses humor to break down stereotypes
What was one of the differences between the United Negro Improvement Association and the NAACP?
the UNIA placed women in positions of leadership; the NAACP did not
what is "boundary work"?
the collection of practices by which people maintain or challenge racial relations of exclusivity or inclusivity.
An approach to racial interaction that advocates for confrontational interactions to challenge the racial order is called:
the race traitor approach
A beauty product marketed to Asian American women with the intent of "lightening" their skin represents:
the racialization of Asian femininity toward white standards
Presenting racism as an individual, psychological issue while neglecting structural and institutional racism is part of what concept?
the racist aesthetic
When you hear a black man today saying that some black women are "too bossy," he may be unconsciously referring to:
the stereotype of the "black matriarch"
A group of students argue with their professor that their assigned history text is inadequate because it ignores the influence of slave revolts in achieving emancipation. According to Prudence Carter, how should we understand their behavior?
the students are resistant to a curriculum that does not adequately represent their heritage
When people argue that race is marked, or socially constructed, what are they referring to?
the way that race "imposes itself on you" through America's racial taxonomy