Multiple Choice Quiz

A client is informed that his white blood cell count is low and that he is at risk for the development of infections. The client asks, "Where do I make new white blood cells?" What is the best response by the nurse?

"White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow."

A client is brought to the physician's office with a raised, red macular rash on the trunk and arms accompanied by a fever. A diagnosis of measles is made. Which type of immunity does this disease process provide?

Active natural immunity

Which of the following is not a cytokine?

Antibody

After describing the function of T cells, the nurse would identify the need for additional teaching if the patient stated that T cells become which type of cells?

Antibody-secreting T cells

A client undergoing a skin test has been intradermally injected with a disease-specific antigen on the inner forearm. The client becomes anxious because the area begins to swell. Which technique may be used to decrease anxiety in this client?

Assure the client that this is a normal reaction

A client is currently fighting an infection. What action by the client's immune system involves humoral activity?

B cells react with antigens.

When explaining the types of leukocytes produced in the bone marrow, the nurse describes lymphocytes, which do not include what cells?

Basophils

What happens when a cell is confronted with a decrease in work demands?

Cell becomes smaller

The inflammatory response is activated whenever cell injury occurs. An inflammatory response would involve which activities?

Changes in capillary permeability to allow proteins to leak out of the capillaries

A 15-year-old client has been brought to the clinic by their mother and is suspected of having an immune system disorder. What tests would you expect to be ordered for this young client?

Complete blood count with differential

A client has suffered nerve damage in his right arm. What can the nurse expect to happen to the muscles in that arm?

Decrease in the size of the cells (atrophy)

A nurse is taking health history from a new client, which includes asking about a history of blood transfusions. This is important for which reason?

Exposure to foreign antigens may cause altered immune function

T-cells can be either regulator T cells or effector T cells. Regulator T cells are made up of helper and suppressor cells. What function are helper T-cells important in?

Fighting infection

Select the statement the best describes apoptosis.

Highly selective in eliminating injured or aged cells

A client experiences an allergic reaction. Select the immunoglobulin that would bind to the mast cells and release histamine.

IgE

A client has sought care because of seasonal allergies that are having a negative effect on the client's quality of life. The nurse should recognize the role of what immunoglobulin in this client's health problem?

IgE

What type of immunoglobulin does the nurse recognize that promotes the release of vasoactive chemicals such as histamine when a client is having an allergic reaction?

IgE

The nurse is caring for an elderly client with a respiratory infection. While reviewing age-related changes in the immune system, the nurse identifies which factor as having contributed to this client's infection?

Impaired ciliary action as a result of exposure to environmental toxins

A client has developed cell atrophy. The most likely cause would be:

Ischemia

The nurse is aware that the phagocytic immune response, one of the body's responses to invasion, involves the ability of cells to ingest foreign particles. Which of the following engulfs and destroys invading agents?

Macrophages

A client's immune response include phagocytosis of the bacteria that have infected the client. What cells are capable of performing this role in the immune response?

Monocytes

A child is brought to the clinic with a rash. The child is diagnosed with measles. The mother tells the nurse that she had the measles when she was a little girl. What immunity to measles develops after the initial infection?

Naturally acquired active immunity

Which type of immunity is achieved by an infant from its mother through antibodies transferred in utero or in breast milk?

Naturally acquired passive immunity

A patient is admitted with an infected leg, and the nurse notes an increase in his white blood cell (WBC) count. The nurse is aware that, during the immune response, pathogens are engulfed by WBCs that ingest foreign particles. What is this process known as?

Phagocytosis

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells

A client's current immune response includes the release of basophils . What aspect of the client's immune response will be performed by these leukocytes?

Releasing histamine

Which condition is associated with impaired immunity relating to the aging client?

Renal function decreases

The nurse is caring for a client recovering from a major burn. Burns affect the immune system by causing a loss of large amounts of which of the following?

Serum, which depletes the body's store of immunoglobulins

The first physical line of defense in innate immunity is:

Skin and mucous membrane

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid structure located high in the left abdominal cavity?

Spleen

A nurse is taking the health history of a newly admitted client. Which of the following conditions would not place the client at risk for impaired immune function?

Surgical removal of the appendix

Which type of immunity provides a defense against intracellular microbes such as viruses?

T lymphocytes

The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?

T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens

A client is experiencing an immune response and the only immunoglobulin that is currently in circulation is IgM. How should the nurse best interpret this fact?

The client has very recently been exposed to the antigen.

An older adult client, who leads a sedentary lifestyle, and a younger client, who has a very stressful and active lifestyle, require a vaccine against a particular viral disorder. The nurse knows that in one of these clients, the vaccine will be less effective. In which client is the vaccine more likely to be less effective and why?

The older client because of age

Which of the following statements could be used to describe a neutrophil?

They possess the property of phagocytosis.

Interleukins are

chemicals secreted by activated leukocytes.

Antibodies are:

effective only again specific antigens

Treating fevers remains a controversial subject because

higher temperatures act as catalysts to many of the body's chemical reactions.

A client has had a splenectomy after sustaining serious internal injuries in a motorcycle accident, including a ruptured spleen. Following removal of the spleen, the client will be susceptible to:

infection because the spleen removes bacteria from the blood.

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to resist viral replication and slow viral replication?

interferons

The nurse is counselling a heavy smoker about the dangers of smoking. The nurse tells the smoker that due to persistent irritation of the lungs from carcinogens, the normal ciliated columnar epithelial cells of the trachea may transform into stratified squamous epithelial cells as a method of adaptation known as:

metaplasia

Which immunity type becomes active as a result of infection by a specific microorganism?

naturally acquired active immunity

As part of the nonspecific defense against infection,...

particles in the respiratory tract are engulfed by phagocytes.

B cells respond to an initial antigen challenge by

producing new cells that become plasma cells and memory cells.

B and T cells are similar in that they both

play important roles in the immune response

A 20-year-old client cut a hand while replacing a window. While reviewing the complete blood count (CBC) with differential, the nurse would expect which cell type to be elevated first in an attempt to prevent infection in the client's hand?

Neutrophils