Mumbai Case Study

When did the Slum Sanitation Program start in Mumbai?

1995.

When did the Mumbai government first announce a redevelopment project?

2004

In Mumbai, when was the first metro line opened?

2014.

When is the third and final line of the Mumbai metro system due to be completed?

2020.

How many deaths in Chembur between 2007 and 2008 were caused by respiratory problems?

25%

What percentage of India's industrial output does Mumbai account for?

25%

What is the infant mortality rate in Mumbai?

40 deaths per 1,000.

What percentage of India's maritime trade does Mumbai account for?

40%

What percentage of India's GDP does Mumbai account for?

5%

What has the Mumbai population increased from in 1971 to in 2011?

5.9 million in 1971 to 12.5 million in 2011.

Who started the Slum Sanitation Program in Mumbai?

A group of Non-Government Organisations (NGOs).

What type of city is Mumbai?

A mega city.

What are examples of informal sector jobs in Mumbai?

A small market stall or shoe cleaning, laundry, street cleaning, rickshaw driving, cigarette rolling, pottery making or recycling rubbish.

What percentage of the urban poor in Mumbai are reached by public health care?

Around 30%.

What major industries does Mumbai have that create jobs?

Chemical, electronics and banking.

Why is there a lack of land in rural India?

Due to the custom of dividing land between sons on the death of a father.

What is an example of problems with waste management in Mumbai?

E.g. in the eastern neighbourhood of Chembur waste on open rubbish dumps is burnt, which causes air pollution.

What alternative forms of transport are being used in Mumbai?

E.g. scooters and mopeds.

What are site and service schemes?

Give people the chance to rent or buy a piece of land. People build their homes using money from a low interest loan.

What are self-help schemes?

Give people the tools and training to improve their homes. Low interest loans may be used to help people fund these changes. People may be given legal ownership of the land.

What freedom is there in Mumbai that is a pull factor?

Greater religious and social freedom.

Why is farming a push factor in India?

Has been modernised and small farmers have been unable to compete. Job opportunities other than in farming in India are extremely limited.

What are living conditions in Mumbai's slums like?

Homes are cramped and poorly built, often without water supply or sanitation.

What is rural investment?

Improving the quality of life and creating greater opportunities in rural areas.

Why have migrants from rural areas all over India moved to Mumbai?

In search of jobs.

What did Mumbai's redevelopment plans include?

Included building new apartments, a water sewage system, hospitals and schools.

What did the Slum Sanitation Program in 1995 in Mumbai build?

It built 330 new communal toilet blocks in slums in Mumbai.

Why has Mumbai's population grown?

It is at Stage 3 of the demographic transition model so death rates have fallen and birth rates are beginning to fall.

Why were some residents against the redevelopment in Mumbai?

It's an established community with successful industries, e.g. recycling rubbish and worried it will destroy their livelihoods and the community spirit of the area.

What is the lack of sanitation in Mumbai a risk to?

Lack of toilet and sewage facilities is a risk to health (e.g. raw sewage spreads disease).

What are there problems with in Mumbai due to being unable to cope with traffic?

Long journey times, congestion and air pollution.

Why is Mumbai globally important?

Major port on the India ocean, India's financial centre, a hub of industry and services and a cultural centre (Bollywood).

What are the benefits of rural investment?

May prevent people from migrating to urban areas and therefore help to improve conditions in the city as well.

How many people does the road network in Mumbai carry each day?

Millions.

What is Mumbai's water supply dependent on?

Monsoon rains, and in dry years water has to be strictly rationed.

How much of the population of Mumbai live in poverty in slums?

More than half.

Where is Mumbai?

On the west coast of India.

Since 2007, how many of the eligible buildings in Mumbai have actually installed rainwater harvesting plants?

Only half.

In Mumbai, how long is the metro system that is being developed?

Over 140km of new rail lines.

What are the benefits and drawbacks of alternative forms of transport in Mumbai?

People avoid being stuck in traffic and reduces their journey times. This helps to reduce congestion, but these vehicles add to poor air quality.

What are homes more likely to have in Mumbai?

Piped water, sewage disposal and electricity.

What are the pull factors of Mumbai?

Rural poor perceives Mumbai to be a place of opportunity. It is the entertainment and business capital of India, home to the stock exchange, TNC headquarters like HSBC.

What have rural areas in India suffered?

Severe erosion and soil exhaustion from overuse and the land has become like a desert in parts of Maharashtra state.

Who do a large number of people living in Mumbai have jobs with?

The Mumbai Metropolitan Authority and Maharashtra State Government.

What natural disaster has been a push factor in India?

The earthquake in Gujarat in 2001 caused people to leave the countryside and make for the cities.

What is Bollywood in Mumbai?

The huge Indian film making industry.

What are the benefits of site and service schemes?

The land is connected to the city by transport links and has access to essential services (e.g. water).

In Mumbai, what has been done to try and reduce the demand for water?

The local authority has made rainwater harvesting systems (collecting rainwater from rooftops) compulsory on all new residential buildings in on plots larger than 300m2.

What civil servant jobs are in Mumbai?

Things like the tax department, transport, housing and environmental services e.g. refuse collection.

What was the Mumbai redevelopment project's aim?

To clear the Dharavi slum and create a new independent township.

What are facilities in Mumbai that are better than rural areas?

Universities, specialist hospitals and dentists.

Who tends to move to Mumbai and why?

Young people who are more flexible and have less ties to rural areas than older people.