MUS 4320 Final Exam Units 6-10

Quiz 9: How much does a ringtone pay?

$0.24 as per statutory rate

Rena Shagan developed a formula to estimate touring budgets. If the expected 'disaster' costs are $5000, and the expected 'dream' costs are $3500, how much should a group consider for a reasonable estimate for a tour's budget?

$4100 1. subtract dream cost from disaster cost 2. Multiple the difference by 40% 3. add the 40% to the dream cost

Quiz 9: How much is does an individual "side musician" get on a typical three hour recording session?

$818.56

Quiz 10: What is a performance video?

A concert view of the artist performing and singing

Quiz 8: An equalizer is

A device used to adjust the volume of frequencies

Quiz 8: What is the measurement of electron flow from one point to another, which is the amount of electrical flow possible through a wire?

Amps

Quiz 7: Which of the following is OUTSIDE of a tour manager's responsibilities?

Fly to the venue in advance if they are unfamiliar with it

Quiz 9: What award is issued for 500,000 copies shipped?

Gold

Quiz 9: Match the percentages with the correct segment of the iTunes royalty, paid on the 99-cent download.

-To Apple: 34% -To the producer as per the contract: 3-5% -To the artist as per the recording contract: 7-12% -To the label: 49-56%

Quiz 7: Matching Personnel are to arrive at certain times throughout the day in order to ensure an efficient show. How many hours before doors open (BDO) is the following personnel to arrive?

-Tour Manager: 12 -Rigging: 11 -Headline Group: 2.5 -Sound: 9 -Support Group: 1 -Lighting Focus: 5 -Sound EQ: 3.5 -Backline: 7

Quiz 9: The lecture noted ten steps between when a contract is signed and a debut album's street release date. The contract was signed 12 months before the street. Identify how many months before the release date in which the other steps usually occurs.

1. A&R meets the group: 11 2. Photo shoot: 6 3. Radio single and marketing plan: 3 4. Artist development for the recording sessions: 10 5. Recording session: 9 6. Masters delivered to label: 4 7. Publicity campaign begins: 5 8. Solicitation: 2

Quiz 6: The lecture identified 13 items on a rider. Name 6 (3 points).

1. Date of show 2. Doors: Time when the doors open 3. Support 4. Lights 5. Rigging 6. Sound

Quiz 9: Describe the four Amazon pay rates.

1. Front Line: This tier pays you the highest wholesale price (best for new releases). 2. Mid Line : This tier offers a slightly lower payout than Front Line (suggested for new releases and recent releases). 3. Catalog : This tier is slightly lower than both Front Line and Mid Line (suggested for releases older than 18 months). 4. Special :This is the lowest wholesale pricing tier offered (suggested option for promotions, older and/or slow-selling catalogs).

Quiz 9: What is the difference between a packaging deduction, a "for returns" deduction, and a breakage deduction?

1. It is common for companies to take out a package deduction of 20-25%, on the assumption that they shouldn't pay the artist for materials. 2. They also withhold payments ("for returns") on royalties for 25% of records shipped in a quarter, with the idea in case the product is returned unsold to the company. This enables companies to hold money for two years, and then pay it to the artists. 3. For years, royalties have been based on 90% of record sold, considered a "breakage fee." Companies felt that 10% of the vinyl records would break and they withheld from paying on them, and continued through the CD era.

Quiz 9: The lecture and PowerPoint noted six types of television income. Name and DESCRIBE 3.

1. Licensing royalties for performance rights and commercials 2. Promotion for album sales by exposing the recording in a commercial or in a show 3. Special events help raise the profile of artists

Quiz 9: Use the following key to match the area of the record company that fulfills the role identified in each question. Each question is worth one point each.

1. Licensing samples: Business affairs/legal department 2. Newspaper interviews: Publicity department 3. Music Videos: Creative services department 4. Securing talent: Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department 5. Product placement: Sales and marketing department 6. Creation of album artwork: Creative services department 7. Use of album artwork: Business affairs/legal department 8. Magazine interviews: Publicity department 9. Working with web designers: Creative services department 10. Providing input on mastering and mixing: Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department 11. Conflict of contrast issues, such as exclusivity: Business affairs/legal department 12.Artwork for advertisements: Creative services department 13. Album sequencing: Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department 14. Studio choice: Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department 15. Signing older artists for re-issue releases: Artist and Repertoire (A&R) department 16. Processes audits: Business affairs/legal department 17. Coordinating local promotion staff: Publicity department

Quiz 9: The lecture and PowerPoint noted six types of television programs. Name 3.

1. Network late night 2. Daytime Talk 3. Network Morning News

Quiz 6: The lecture identified 5 things regarding electrical safety. Name 2 (2 points).

1. Never disconnect grounds 2. Always lay excess cables in a figure eight, never in a coiled circle

Quiz 6: The lecture identified 7 things regarding rigging safety. Name 2 (2 points).

1. Never stand under a rigger 2. Always wear a safety harness when working in a higher place

Quiz 10: What are three functions of music videos?

1. Programming for videos 2. Promotion for records 3. Products to sell in stores

Quiz 9: What are three functions of music videos?

1. Programming for videos 2. Promotion for records 3. Products to sell in stores

Quiz 8: Describe the process of "ringing out a system." (three points)

1. Set all Graphic EQ sliders to flat 2. Bring up output gain until one frequency begins to feedback 3. Find the fader that is that frequency and bring it back until the ring is gone. 4. Repeat for more frequencies 5. Bring back the output after finished to just under the last frequency feedback was.

Quiz 8: The four-way PA system, without a line array, seems to be sounding "weird." The system seems to lack bass, but it seems to only be a problem on one side of the stacks. There are a few things you can check: what are they? (four points)

1. Since only one side is affected, the microphone, and board setup should be fine. Start with the chain after the crossover. 2. Check the cabling between the crossover and the amplifier feeding the low frequeny speakers on the side that is sounding "weird." If those check out, check the speaker itself. 3. You can check these componenets by swapping the good side with the bad SLOWLY to make sure you can reconnect what functios correctly.

Quiz 6: The lecture identified 21 items on a technical rider. Name 9 (3 points).

1. Stage 2. Stairs 3. Clearance 4: Crash Barrier 5. Stage Floor 6. Parking requirements 7. Sound wings 8. Dressing rooms 9. Loading access

Which are the following are among the "big 3" of major label conglomerates?

1. Universal 2. Sony 3. WEA

Quiz 9: Compare Digital Rights Management and the Open Music Model

1. iTunes and Amazon use a model of Digital Right Management, where they act as a conduit for those who own the copyright of recording and publishing rights. 2. In 2002, researchers at MIT felt that because piracy was inevitable, that an Open Music Model was the future of music distribution. It allowed is users to participate by following these five factors: -Open file sharing -Open file formats -Open membership -Open payment -Open competition

Quiz 9: Most record royalties wage from

7-12%

Quiz 8: A pre-amp is

A device used to provide amplification to the microphone so that the mixing board can manipulate the signal efficiently

Quiz 8: A dynamic processor is

A device used to regulate volume on a ratio principle after the initial gain stage

Quiz 8: A crossover is

A device used to split the signally frequency

Quiz 8: A transducer is

A device used to transfer acoustic energy to electric energy, and vice versa

Quiz 6: Describe a stage plot (3 points)

A graphical plot that shows where the band (or singers) are standing on the stage. It also includes where equipment such as instruments, monitor, speakers, etc will be placed on stage. It should also include AC electrical outlets needed.

Quiz 7: Which of the following is NOT true regarding production rehearsals?

A small crowd is brought in to see how new songs will be received by the audience

Quiz 10: For the music industry, broadcast TV networks, cable networks and online video services represent all of the following BUT one. Choose the one (page 337-338)

A vehicle to enhance the live performance experience by having interactive opportunities in new media

Quiz 10: What is a narrative video?

A video that follows the storyline of the song

Quiz 10: What is a scratch video?

A video that uses pieces of film that are synchronized with tempo of song

Quiz 8: An example of this type of electrical current would be provided by the power company

AC

Quiz 8: A microphone is

An input transducer

Quiz 6: Of the following four items, which do NOT pertain to mid and larger venues as discussed in the lecture?

An out-of-house agent is paid a flat fee from the venue to provide entertainment for the event, and are paid on a commission basis.

Quiz 6: Of the following four items, which do NOT pertain to clubs as discussed in the lecture?

An out-of-house agent is paid on a commission basis depending on the bar sales.

Quiz 9: Which company bases their "Top 200" chart on Soundscan information?

Billboard

Quiz 8: What has the best control for direction of the sound of higher frequencies?

Bullet horn

Quiz 7: Which of these would NOT be considered a way to advance the venue?

Catering examples are provided to ensure the artists gets the best quality treatment

Quiz 10: Production expenses (page 201) that are considered legitimate _______________ include studio rentals, union wages to AFM and AFTRA members, music arranging and copying expense and producer costs.

Chargeback

Quiz 9: Production expenses (201) that are considered legitimate _______________ include studio rentals, union wages to AFM and AFTRA members, music arranging and copying expense and producer costs.

Chargeback

Quiz 10: Which of these items are NOT in the anatomy of the press release?

Clear indentations for clarity

Quiz 8: What type of input source are the most expensive and least durable?

Condenser

Quiz 8: What type of input source uses electrostatic energy known as phantom power, and are known for their accuracy and strength of high frequencies?

Condenser

Quiz 10: Which of these are NOT part of a publicity plan?

Coordinates tour plans

Quiz 8: What is a change of a lighting scheme at a specific time?

Cue

Quiz 10: What is evangelist marketing?

Cultivating key opinion leaders and tastemakers to spread the word

Quiz 8: An example of this type of electrical current would be from batteries

DC

Quiz 9: What award is issued for 10 million copies shipped?

Diamond

Quiz 8: What restricts the amount of power to the individual light?

Dimmer

Quiz 8: What type of input source takes a feed directly from an instrument into the pre-amp?

Direct boxes (aka DI)

Quiz 8: What is a large vibrating element, known in slang as the woofer?

Direct radiator

Quiz 8: What is the ability of a component to spread out the sound to a certain angle, important towards eliminating feedback?

Dispersion

Quiz 8: What type of input source are the most widely manufactured microphones, least expensive and most durable?

Dynamic

Quiz 10: What are the five types of consumers?

Early adopters 13.5% Early majority 34% Late majority 34% Laggerts 16%

Quiz 10: What is buzz marketing?

High profile people or journalists use the product

Quiz 8: What has the best control for direction of the sound of lower frequencies?

Horn folded into a "W" pattern

Quiz 10: What is influencer marketing?

Identifying other artist fan clubs and key members of those clubs to help spread the word about the artist

Quiz 6: If you are an artist on a tour, how could you handle smaller markets?

Inform that you need a date in between other, confirmed dates you have booked in larger cities, and that you would like to fill the date rather than have a day off

Quiz 10: What is viral marketing?

Interacting, entertaining or informative messages via email

Quiz 8: What is a light referred to in its non-specified form?

Lamp

Quiz 8: What is a map showing all of the lighting instruments and electrical devices, their control assignment and their relative hanging locations in the performance space?

Light plot

AFM functions on local and federation levels, as noted on page (page 182). Federation contracts embrace all services of musicians in all BUT ONE of the following fields

Live performances

Haymarket Publishing Services did research that demonstrated how consumers were influenced to make purchases. Their findings estimated the percentage of consumers who indicated that these factors were important in determining if the consumer would make a purchase, apart from the influence from friends and family Considering those findings, which was the main factor that influenced purchases?

Low price

Quiz 9: Identify the differences, advantages and disadvantages between major label and independent recording companies.

Major label -Advantages: well financed/can take losses; the honor of the name of the label -Disadvantages: get lost in the shuffle of a huge company; if your rep leaves you might get dropped Independent -Advantages: personal service, more power of artistic and promotional control -Disadvantages: much smaller financial commitment; no honor of the name of the label

Quiz 6: Which of the following should NOT be included in a booking contract?

Name of the record company

Quiz 9: Which company compiles Soundscan information?

Neilsen

Quiz 9: Which company complies Soundscan information?

Neilsen

Quiz 9: How much does the record company pay for promotional material known as "free goods?"

Nothing

Quiz 9: Why do oligopolies expand and acquire small companies?

Oligopolies can gain more influence over the market by acquiring smaller/independent labels by buying them out. This is a reason why there are so many smaller labels affiliated with large parent labels, called conglomerates

Quiz 9: How does an independent record store obtain hard copies of recordings?

One stop

Quiz 10: What is street team marketing?

Organizing and motivating volunteers to work in personal outreach locally

Quiz 8: What is the most common type of light used in a lighting system?

PAR can

Quiz 8: What power distribution method is sent to multiple sources (lights), and if one fails, the others are not affected?

Parallel

Quiz 10: Which of these are NOT among the "4 P's of Marketing"

Personal

Quiz 6: Which of the following characteristics are NOT required of a good booking agent?

Personal connection with record company A&R representative

Quiz 8: What type of input source are fastened to a vibrating plate on the instrument (usually made of wood)?

Piezo-electric

Quiz 9: What award is issued for 1,000,000 copies shipped?

Platinum

Quiz 7: Which of the following is NOT true regarding touring equipment?

Pyrotechnics can be used as long as the coordinator is careful

Quiz 9: Which company provides sales awards?

RIAA

Quiz 9: How does a truck obtain CDs?

Rack Jobber

Quiz 8: What are the primary colors of light?

Red, Blue, Green

Quiz 10: What items should NOT be included on a mailing list?

School

Quiz 8: What power distribution method has one path, but if one source (light) fails then it affects everything else down the chain.

Series

Quiz 6: Which of the following do NOT need to be considered by an artist planning a showcase show?

Showcases should be on nights where there are fewer patrons so that industry personnel can concentrate on them

Quiz 9: What entity pays the most to artists as of 2016?

Spotify

Quiz 6: Which of the following do NOT need to be expected for public relations purposes?

The artist should expect to provide complimentary merchandise to fans via contests before each show

Quiz 9: How much does Harry Fox receive for ringtones?

The company sends HFA the 24 cents, who after taking a 10% cut, will send the rest to the publisher.

Quiz 7: Which of the following is NOT true about the backline personnel?

The coordinate the loading of case used backstage (wardrobe, practice amps)

Quiz 6: Of the following four items, which do NOT pertain to a gig swap?

The host group is expected to provide lodging to the visiting group to minimize expenses

Quiz 9: If the label doesn't like an album submitted by an artist, what happens?

The label can choose to "shelve it"

Quiz 9: Which of the following would NOT be an advantage to be signed to a major label?

The label has more patience to develop the artist's career

Quiz 9: Define Oligopoly

The negative aspect is that there are fewer major labels with large budgets, and they control the market of releases that have large marketing campaigns. Oligopolies can also control market price

Quiz 9: A bassist leaves a rock band, and the band hires a replacement in agreement with the record company. In relation to a record company, what happens?

The new bassist gets an advance for subsequent albums, but doesn't get anymore money until previous album's have been recouped

Quiz 9: What is an excess mechanicals clause?

The record company will not be responsible for paying statutory rates for more than 10 songs on a release

Quiz 9: What is a controlled composition clause?

The record company will only pay 75% of statutory rate since the artists are also the songwriters

Quiz 6: Which of the following do NOT need to be considered by an artist's manager before a tour?

The reliability of the artist's equipment to withstand the rigors of the tour

Quiz 7: Which of the following is OUTSIDE of a production manager's responsibilities?

They are responsible for setting up the performers equipment

Quiz 7: Which of the following is NOT true about the monitor engineer?

They coordinate when a performer needs a moment to tune up

Quiz 7: Which of the following is NOT true about the promoter?

They do the same duties as the booking agent

Quiz 7: Which of the following is NOT true about the FOH?

They give the lighting cues when specific areas of the song chnage.

Quiz 9: Describe a leader/contractor?

Thje leader or contractor is the musician who hires the other musicians and organizes the recording serssion alongside the producer.

Quiz 8: What is a compressor used for?

To control loud volumes

Quiz 8: What is a gate used for?

To control soft volumes

Quiz 6: Groups tour for a variety of reasons aside from making money. Of the following list, which is NOT one of those reasons?

To develop relationships with corporate investors

Quiz 10: When should you NOT have a press release?

To dispel social media rumors

Quiz 8: What is a filter used for?

To limit frequencies above or below fixed point(s)

Quiz 9: The ADA (Alternative Distribution Alliance, page 199) offers all BUT ONE of the following services

Tour support funding

Quiz 7: Which of these would NOT be considered while booking airline travel?

Transportation from the airport to the venue

Quiz 9: All of the "big three" conglomerates have four central divisions. Which of the four below are NOT a part of those central divisions.

Venue management

Quiz 10: What is an abstract image video?

Video that incorporate surrealistic special effects and sometimes bizarre images

Quiz 8: What is the measurement of electrical pressure, typically in the US at 120?

Volts

Quiz 8: What is the measurement expressing the amount of electrical energy consumed by a device?

Watts

Quiz 10: What is a payola?

When disc jockeys were enticed for blandishments and bribes by music business promoters.

Quiz 9: What is "doubling" in the context of union recording sessions?

When one musician will play another instrument in addition to their primary instrument