MUS225 Exam #2 Lecture Notes
What is the major phrase to know with the digital release of the album In Rainbows by Radiohead?
*Pay what you want*
What is the famous Timothy Leary quote to know?
*TURN ON, TUNE IN, AND DROP OUT*
What was the music from the Beach Boys like during the psychedelic movement?
-"Good Vibrations" was major single in 1966 --> consumed a lot of studio time; had precise orchestration; was on Smiley Smile but released as single -Had an album named Smile that was recorded in late 1966/early 196y that was a famous unreleased album --> was reworked and released as Smiley Smile in summer 1967 --> re-recorded and released as SMiLE in 2004
Who was the band Cream?
-*1st supergroup* only lasted 2 yrs tho -Ginger Baker (drums), Jack Bruce (bass), and Eric Clapton (guitar/singer) -Focus on blues ---> seen in "Sunshine of Your Love" with the double blues form -"Sunshine of Your Love" charted #5 on US charts -Virtuosic performance by ALL 3 members hence the "supergroup" nickname
What is some background info about Radiohead?
-5-piece progressive rock (fit into many genres tho) band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire UK -Band influences: Nirvana, Smiths, Pixies -Genre influences: grunge, bit pop, hip hop, and electronic -Constant experimentation with their music
What was the hippie aesthetic of the 70s?
-Albums and singles became nearly separate markets (was starting to split in 60s with FM and AM radio) -Start seeing albums w/ no singles attached -Stylistic range of rock expanded -Rock musician = artist who had responsibility to create sophisticated music --> still4 chords but used diff timbre/dynamics/sound
Who are some bands from the southern rock movement in the 70s?
-Allman Brothers Band = based in Macon GA and had album in 1971 (At Fillmore East) --> blues inflouence w/ extended soloing in their work like Grateful Dead -Lynyrd Skynyrd = based in ATL and had radio-friendly style w/ images of southern life as seen in "Sweet Home Alabama" in 1974 -Charlies Daniels Band = from GA and had country influence --> "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" in 1979 -Texas and south of the border also became increasingly popular with Santana (from San Fran psychedelic scene; combined jazz, blues, improvisation, and Latin rhythms) and ZZ Top (blues rock; "Tush" in 1975)
What was AM radio in the 1960s?
-Amplitude Modulation radio -Young listeners tended to prefer single-oriented AM radio -Went tune, commercial, tune, commercial, etc. -Farther range from source than FM -Travels better thru walls/barriers
What was the old music marketing model?
-Artists all tired to record companies -Tours support recording/sales --> "go out on the road to increase the sales of the album" -For weeks/months before release, CD = publicized --> excitement peaks day before release -1st CD = Cleveland Symphony Orchestra winds section --> blew out everyone's speakers b/c change of dynamics towards the end -Day of release = everyone all goes out to buy it right? --> how about digital? -Kinks: Leaks - ALWAYS a problem b/c every album has been leaked since the beginning
How were Motown and politics interwoven?
-Assimilation, Motown, and the Civil Rights Mvmnt -Criticized for selling out but still maintained black listeners as Motown had an *assimilationist* approach -Wanted to embrace white/mainstream culture too in a way
How did the radio foster two different audiences?
-Audience fractured by age -College-age listeners = FM -Young listeners = AM
What was Woodstock festival?
-August 1969 in Bethel, NY -An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music --> turned into 4 days -Took place in Max Yasgur's farm in White Lake (Bethel) NY which is 43 miles from Woodstock -32 acts with 400K ppl -Massive representation of the power of counterculture -Film depiction in 1970 with footage from the actual festival -Was on cover of Life magazine (BIG DEAL) --> super imp magazine b/c showed American thru photos before phone/TV/computers
What is going on with the American response to British invasion?
-Beatlemania and British invasion still happening in the 60s during American response -Continued success of some Amer groups in the wake of Beatlemania -New styles emerge from cross-fertilization of Amer styles and Mersey beat (3 or 4 chords simple beat fades as sophistication and music producers increase) -LA assumes greater importance in the pop music scene -Amer rxns = folk rock, LA sound (Phil Spector/Beach Boys), NY -RNR and TV still thriving together
Who were some of the declined acts from Woodstock?
-Beatles (Lennon said he couldn't get the band together) -Led Zeppelin (got a higher paying gig at the Asbury Park Convention Hall in NJ that weekend) -Bob Dylan (turned it down b/c his disgust of the hippies hanging around his house) -The Byrds (turned it down b/c had scuffle at their performance at the first Atlanta Interntnl Raceway Festival on July 4th and 5th 1969) -Tommy James and the Shondells (turned it down b/c misinformed about size and scope of the event) -Jethro Tull (turned it down b/c through it wouldn't be a big deal) -The Moody Blues (were included on original posters as performers, but backed out after taking a gig in Paris on same weekend) -Spirit (had other shows planned and did not want to back out of their commitments; not knowing how big Woodstock would ultimately become) -Mind Garage (declined b/c thought it wouldn't be a big deal and had a higher paying gig elsewhere)
What was the psychedelic ambition in the 60s?
-Beatles and Beach Boys! -Both on Capital Records in the USA -Their music became increasingly ambitious at this time -Both were in direct commercial rivalry
What was Motown like in its early years?
-Berry Gordy Jr = founder who tried many lines of work before he started Motown -Early music modeled on already successful records aka Spector and Brill Building -Gordy exploited crossover market which caused the argument for "selling out" b/c he *actively wanted to be on pop charts* and not just underground like most black songs before --> many early Motown masters were leased to larger record companies -Had all studio, band, and quality control b/c Gordy would buy houses as a studio and control it all from in there -Had internal competition w/ the artists in Motown -Would work to develop the artist and learn choreography (with intense control over that) -Dance vertically b/c TV had limited field of view -1 lead singer w/ backup vocals
Who is Black Sabbath?
-Blues based w/ gothic touches -Music and images provided foundation for later heavy metal -"Iron man" in 1970 was only 6 months after Woodstock showing a change in musical stylings in early 70s
Who was Van Morrison?
-Both hits and experimental output -Album: Astral Weeks (1968) -"Cyprus Avenue" had orchestral strings
Who were some early artists at Stax records?
-Carla Thomas -Mar-Keys -Booker T and the MGs -Rufus Thomas
What are some unique concepts that psychedelia brought to RNR?
-Change in aesthetic -More sophistication -More complex tunes
Who was Jefferson Airplane?
-Changed name to Jefferson Starship b/c Apollo 11 -Grace Slick = lead vocalist and she joined in Oct 1966, leading to the band really taking off -Debut album Surrealistic Pillow (1967) had "White Rabbit" -Had AM-oriented ambition so they could become more commercially successful aka had shorter songs -Known for *dynamic crescendo* aka songs got higher/louder as the song went on -Performed "White Rabbit" on Smother Brothers who were on TV for a year and a half until 1968 when they got political when Nixon was elected so CBS pulled the plug
Who is Led Zeppelin?
-Combo of blues, folk, and psychedelia --> all exemplified in "Stairway to Heaven" in 1972 -Lyrics and performances focused on sexual topics --> goes back to early rock aesthetic -Fusion of blues and psychedelic rock in "Whole Lotta Love" which was compound AABA form (to make it more sophisticated/complex/unique)
What is folk rock?
-Convergence of previously distinct elements --> serious lyrics of the folk revival + Spector's Wrecking Crew -Became more commercial and electric in the 60s thanks to Dylan -Groups: Simon & Garfunkel, Barry McGuire, The Turtles, Mamas & Papas
Who was Aretha Franklin?
-Daughter of famous Reverend CL Franklin in Detroit --> had strong gospel roots/used lining out -From 1942-2018 -Columbia Records in early period but NOT very successful -1st recorded at Atlantic in 1967 -With Atlantic, she had 77 tunes on Hot 100, 21 #1 on R&B charts, 18 Grammys, and 75M+ units sold -Song to know: "Respect"
What was the Altamont Speedway Free Festival?
-December 1969 in Altamont Speedway, Cali (San Fran) -Rolling Stones organized this event -Hells Angels provided security, musicians injured and fan was killed -Film depiction Gimme Shelter in 1970
What was the rock aesthetic in early 1960s?
-Democratic music b/c not controlled by record companies/radio BUT by the listeners --> jukeboxes were dead and cassettes tapes where you get to carry your own tunes at your leisures became popular -Emphasis on *group* identity -Broader geographic diffusion of the music industry in rock era (NOT just LA and NYC anymore!) -New attitude towards popular music landscape as they moved away from the star system (Sinatra, Crosby, etc.) --> group identity!!! -By late 60s, transformation was complete w/ band identity as ppl would follow bands around the nation (groupies) like Beatles, Jeffferson Airplane/Starship, Stones, Beach Boys, etc. -Began on the fringes of popular music -Maintained some sense of its identity as outsider's music
What were some TV shows that gave RNR a platform in this period?
-Dick Clark's Where the Action Is (1965-67) -Shindig! (1964-66) -Hullabaloo (1965-66) -American Bandstand (1952-89) -Soul Train (1971-2006)
Who was the Grateful Dead?
-Early interest in blues, folk, bluegrass -House band for acid tests --> big claim for fame -NEVER charted or got to #1 -Debut album in 1967 which took a while b/c struggled to capture essence of live show on recording in studio -Famous for their often extended improvised solos --> most famous = "Dark Star" (20 min solo)
How did Eastern culture intertwine with musical culture at this time?
-Eastern spirituality (Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.) became prevalent in American culture -Tibetan Book of the Dead was popular among ppl as they wanted to find a different way to view the world -Beatles traveled to India to study with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi -Hippies blended drug use w/ Eastern religions
Who was Janis Joplin?
-Electric blues -Sang w/ Big Brother and the Holding Company in 1967-1968 --> made the album Cheap Thrills in 1968 w/ them -Stopped singing w/ them once she died
Who were the Doors?
-Explored dark emotions -Alter ego = "Lizard King" -Got name from Huxley book called The Doors of Perception -Signed with Elektra in 1966 -Had series of top 10 albums -20 Gold, 14 platnium, 5 multi-platnium certifications -35M+ US sales and 100M+ worldwide (had more worldwife sales b/c Morrison's poetry and Europeans love poetry) -Many famous (and infamous) TV performances --> performed on Ed Sullivan Show then got banned and was barely on TV for a while after that
Who are some blue-based British rock bands that emerge in the early 70s?
-Extension of Britain's earlier interest in American blues -Rolling Stones!! -Yardbirds -Cream -Led Zeppelin
What were some examples of the psychedelic happenings in Haight-Ashbury?
-Family Dog = group of friends who organized psychedelic dances -Acid tests by Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters = "environment rich in unpredictable stimulation"
What were some festivals in Europe in the late 60s?
-Festivals from August 1967 -London Hyde Park in July 1969 --> Stones played there -Isle of Wight (yearly) from 1968-1970 with Bob Dylan, The Band, and Miles Davis all performing there
Who were the Supremes?
-First name was Primettes in 1959 -Had DIANA ROSS, Florence Ballard, and Mary Wilson -From same housing proj in Detroit -Had no hits w/ Motown initially *until* they teamed with HDH -Series of hit singles from 1964-1967 ("Baby Love") -Amer's most successful female group (until the 90s) w/ 12 #1 singles on Billboard Hot 100 in only 3 yrs --> most of those were written/produced by HDH -Wanted to look very elegant (class ex vid had chandeliers in bkgd)
Who were Martha and the Vandellas?
-Founded in 1960 then went to Motown from 1962-1967 -Also had hits with HDH like the Supremes --> internal competition -Clear gospel and R&B roots -10 songs top 10 in Billboard R&B charts but did NOT cross over as easily as the Supremes did -"Dancing in the Streets" was their major hit that was covered by Mamas and Papas as well as CCR -Had more aggressive/danceable song unlike Supremes
What was FM radio in the 1960s?
-Frequency Modulation radio -College-age listeners tended to listen to *album-oriented FM radio* b/c they played longer forms here -Had clearer signal b/c is in stereo -FM broadcasts 2 signals and receiver hears the 2 signals and splits them into L and R of stereo -All about sound quality NOT convenience here --> much better for music -Did NOT travel as far as AM -Takes more power than AM -Has longer wavelength so a lower frequency
Who was Carlos Santana?
-Fused Latin and rock -Band named after his last name -Had record deal early on w/ CBS records -Performed @ Woodstock which jumpstarted his career --> great critical and popular acclaim -Dropped acid for the 1st time at Woodstock and performed faster than normal -"Black Magic Woman" = huge hit -Recorded in both English and Spanish -Won 10 Grammys and 3 Latin Grammys
Who was Otis Redding?
-Gospel-influenced vocals -Driving accompaniment w/ Booker T and the MGs
What was black music from 1964-1970?
-Greater opportunities for black artists to have mainstream hits b/c Civil Rights Mvmnt, Voting Rights Act of 1965, protests, etc. of the time -Brought a certain funk/edge/attitude that RNR needed since West Coast and Beatles changed it slightly -Had several regional center: Detroit = Motown w/ Hitsville USA being the recording studio Memphis = Southern soul w/ Stax and Soulsville USA being the recording studio Muscle Shoals in Bama = Southern soul and Fame Studios being the recording studio Cincy/Atlanta = James Brown w/ King Records initially
How did New York play into the early American pop of the 1960s?
-Had Lovin' Spoonful ("Summer in the City"), Young Rascals ("Good Lovin'" and "Groovin'"), and Four Seasons ("Sherry", "Big Girls Don't Cry", and "Rag Doll") -4 Seasons was very inspired by the 1950s -Many LA groups had NY roots b/c Brill Building and Phil Spector moving to LA
What was Atlantic records in the 1960s?
-Had deal w/ Stax (1960-65) where artists recorded at Stax then Atlantic released the music -Had Drifters, Coasters, Ben E King, Solomon Burke -Had stylistic difference btwn sweet and southern soul
Who was the Jimi Hendrix Experience?
-Hendrix went to London in 1966 -Performed at Monterey Pop Festival which was his launching pt in America -Blues, pop, and experimental elements like playing guitar with his teeth and left handed -Hendrix's experimental elements were critical and super influential in rock -"Purple Haze" is a marijuana reference
Who is Barry McGuire?
-His biggest/only Top 40 hit was "Eve of Destruction" -From Oklahoma then moved to Cali to make folk rock a big thing -Went on to pioneer of Contemporary Christian music
Who were prominent early songwriters at Motown?
-Holland-Dozier-Holland (HDH) --> were like Motown's Leiber and Stoller -Norman Whitfield
Who were Paul Revere and the Raiders?
-Imp in terms of rock on TV -Dressed in colonial clothing which was kinda silly -Hosts/house band of Dick Clark's Where the Action Is --> gave them a platform for their music to be heard
Who is Pink Floyd?
-Indebted to avant-garde art music -Led by Syd Barrett until 1968 when he left -David Gilmour replaced him -Success limited to UK until 1973 with Dark Side of the Moon
Who were some of the cancelled acts from Woodstock?
-Jeff Beck Group (band broke up in July, forcing cancellation) -Iron Butterfly (stuck at airport, their manager demanded helicopters and special arrangements just for them --> were wired back and told to "get lost") -Joni Mitchell (Joni's agent put her on "The Dick Cavett Show" instead) -Lighthouse (feared it would be a "bad scene") -Ethan Brown (arrested for LSD 3 days before the event)
What was the Monterey International Pop Festival?
-June 1967 on Monterey Country Fairgrounds in Monterey, Cali -One of the first -Hendrix and Joplin performed here -Organized by John Phillips (Mamas and Papas dude --> they were the headlines shockingly) and Lou Adler (major producer) -Broad range of acts -Film depiction in December 1968 --> first film to rep psychedelic lifestyle which brought it to the mainstream culture
Who were famous leaders from the psychedelic mvmnt who challenged the establishment?
-Ken Kesey (novelist, acid tests) -Timothy Leary (professor from Harvard)
Who are the Mamas and the Papas?
-Lasted only 3 yrs (1965-1968) because of Cass Elliot -Name inspired by Hells Angels as the females were called mamas -Members in other folk groups before they formed so they were quite experienced -Released 5 albums and 7 singles in only 3 yrs -*John Phillips* - songwriter and producer who had behaviorial issues like Brian Wilson -Had very tight vocal harmonies that were very complex w/ good arrangement
Who was the band Traffic?
-Led by Stevie Winwood -Genres include psychedelic pop, blues, Latin rhythms, classical instrumentation, jazz
How were Haight-Ashbury and San Francisco influential in the psychedelic movement?
-Local psychedelic scene was developing since 1965 -Grew out of the Beat movement in the 1950s and early 1960s -Beat mvmnt = ppl who read poetry, were hipsters, did not necessarily like every in mainstream culture -Ex: Allen Ginsburg, Jack Kerouac, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti -Human Be-In in January 1967 where the psychedelic movement started
What happened in 1968?
-MLK was assassinated -Stax terminated their agreement with Atlantic -HDH left Motown
What were the Beatles like after Sgt. Pepper?
-Manager Brian Epstein died in 1967 -Beatles formed Apple Records to have more musical control and produce their own stuff -Traveled to India --> new sounds/ideas about music/life/culture birth from this trip -Disbanded in April 1970
What inspired Radiohead to create this new marketing model?
-Marketing & distribution model of the music industry was outdated and archaic --> rooted in pre-Napster and pre-file sharing era -Contract w/ EMI (HUGE label) expired in 2003 w/ release of "Hail to the Thief"
Who was Marvin Gaye?
-Marvin Pentz Gay (1939-1984) -Had MANY hits -"What's goin' on" is a protest song about police brutality (still relevant!) -First Motown artist to break away so he could have more musical control--> big hit with "Heard It Through the Grapevine"
What were some major psychedelic festivals in the USA in the late 60s?
-Monterey International Pop Festival -Altamont -Woodstock
What is some context to the 1970s RNR?
-Most 1970s styles grew from developments of the 1960s -Two general trends 1) Musically ambitious bands in the early 70s --> many subgenres emerge 2) Rise of corporate conglomerates in the late 70s --> the 7 big recording companies (EMI was the biggest) -Key issue of the 1970s: view of corporate rock as a form of corruption of RNR b/c they determined many aspects and were in it for profit --> led to emergence of underground styles -1970s "classic rock" in the 1990s media (70s = peak aesthetically hence why they don't go back to the 50s and 60s) -Live performances increased throughout 70s and 80s
Who are the Monkees?
-Most imp band on TV --> made of actors NOT musicians -*Fake band* -Inspired by Beatles films (especially Help! and A Hard Day's Night) -*America's most commercially successful answer to the Beatles* -Offered complex hybrid of musical and cultural elements of the time which uniquely reflect American values from the 1960s (had Beatles' model w/ looks and vocals, followed Brill Building production aka sophistication) -NEVER performed live ONLY on TV where they hired studio musicians in the bkgd
Who was Peter Max?
-Most imp graphic artist of the 60s -Did great psychedelic images -DID NOT do Yellow Submarine tho the styling resembles his
What was the new music marketing model resulting from Radiohead?
-Music release to stimulate *interest to attend shows* aka music supports tour now/ppl went to concerts if they are interested in the music -Availability of "Nude" and "Reckoner" (other Radiohead albums) stems from remixing -Other bands following like NIN, Saul Williams, Charlatans UK
What was the psychedelic approach to music?
-Music was secondary to the experience w/ drugs -Music enhances the trip even tho ppl started drugs initially to enhance the music -Music IS the trip -Musician takes the listener on an aural journey --> impacted college kids mostly
What was the method for Stax records?
-NONspecialist approach to writing and producing -Sessions less regimented than Motown ("go until its done") -Distribution deal with Atlantic where they leased product to Atlantic and could record material
Who is Deep Purple?
-Name referred to drug culture -Bridge btwn psychedelia and heavy metal -Blended rock and classical idioms, as seen with "Highway Star" in 1972 (their biggest hit)
What was blackness with these new record labels coming to mainstream culture?
-New in American culture at this time where African Americans were able to express themselves and be successful in mainstream culture -Wide range of black culture in Motown, Stax, and Atlantic records -Difference btwn Motown and Stax - hard to discern (Motown was owned/mostly run by AA but Stax/Atlantic = white owners and producers) -Tug of war btwn which one expressed black culture the best
Who was James Brown?
-Nicknames: Godfather of Soul and the Hardest Working Man in Show Business -Doo-wop style records for King (Cincy) --> then went to soul/funk -Soul style had tight, driving rhythm section and aggressive singing -Famous for energetic, dance-filled stage show -Recorded his breakout album, Live at the Apollo in Harlem (one of the first recorded live albums) -Asserted extensive control over his music --> VERY demanding -"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" was a 2 part single b/c 45s had 3 min limit so he did both parts on 2 sep sides of the record --> part 1 charted -Led the move towards funk -*Different from Motown b/c his bkgd dancers danced differently from what he did and he did NOT coordinate his looks*
What is the new music marketing model?
-Oct 10 2007 = Radiohead's album "In Rainbows" released as digital download on their website -- > *"pay-what-you-want" and gave it away for free* --> had 1.2M downloads in the 1st month w/ 40% paying an average of $6 per person so $2.8M BUT it cost $0 to give it away (no transportation ppl, distribution ppl, middleman, marketing ppl, etc.) -January 1 2008 = CD version went on sale and hit #1 on UK album chart/US Billboard 200 --> sold 122K copies in 1st week and had 28K downloads (also sold 300K box sets sold at $80/piece) -Total: 3M total sales aka multi-platinum w/ downloads, CDs, and box sets combined --> gave birth to a new music marketing model
Who were the Byrds?
-One of the MOST influential bands of the 60s -Around for 9 yrs (1964-73) which is a long time for a psychedelic rock band -Imp in originating psychedelic rock, raga (Indian) rock, and country rock -Looked East and took inspo from India like the Beatles -Had many cover hits like "Turn! Turn! Turn!" which is a cover of a Pete Seeger tune (which was inspired by the Bible) --> was a big protest song b/c Nam
What was the sound for Stax records?
-Organ (used by Booker T and the MGs) -Rough horns (smooth and sophisticated in Motown but just LOUD here) -Funky bass -NO backup vocals
Who are Simon and Garfunkel?
-Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel = born in 1941 in Queens NY -First name was Tom and Jerry in 1957 -Influenced by the Everly Brothers from the Brill Building --> Paul Simon was the songwriter from Brill Building (was Jerry Landis there) -Got their start in an early appearance on American Bandstand ruined b/c they followed Jerry Lee Lewis -1963 = big in the Greenwich Village folk scene -1964 = "Sounds of Silence" aka their first major hit -1967 = Soundtrack of "The Graduate" -Had many big hits with their last album being their biggest album (in fact the album of the year in 1971) aka Bridge over troubled water -1971 = break up b/c Garfunkel wanted to be a -1981 = reunion concert in Central Park NYC
What is notable about the digital release of In Rainbows in terms of revenue?
-Pay-what-you-want download revenue exceeded revenue from CD -Pay-what-you-want download revenue exceeded total revenue from previous album, Hail to the Thief
Who were prominent figures in Los Angeles that were influential in early American pop?
-Phil Spector (Crystals and Righteous Brothers) -Beach Boys ("I Get Around" was huge hit) -Sonny and Cher ("I Got You Babe" and hippie fashion) -Gary Lewis and the Playboys (Spector created them and they had an accordion)
What were the underground bands of London like in the late 1960s?
-Pink Floyd -Soft Machine (didn't last long) -Tomorrow (didn't last long)
Who were the Warlocks?
-Played at these acid tests in Jan 1966 at Fillmore Auditorium -Later changed their name to the Grateful Dead -Due to their performances at these acid tests, they were automatically associated with this drug culture and psychedelia
How did Motown work?
-Production model = adapted from Brill Building approach -Used collection of super-specializer individs --> had leaders for teams like songwriting and producers -Had 1 person only focus on choreography, 1 person focus on costuming for women, 1 person focus on hair for men, etc.
How did garage bands hit in during this time period in music?
-Proliferation of amateur bands in the wake of the Beatles -Many had *one hit wonder* -Imp influence on later punk mvmnt -Kingsmen and national hit "Louie, Louie" -Garage band hits increase from summer 1965 -Ex: The Seeds, The Electric Prunes, The Sandells, The Wailers, 13th Floor Elevator, Alarm Clock, The Troggs, The Leaves, the Pretty Things, ? and the Mysterians
How did drugs and the quest for higher consciousness connect to the psychedelic mvmnt?
-Psychedelic mvmnt sought new ways to experience the world -LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) was SUPER imp and developed in 1943 in Switzerland --> CIA tested LSD in 1950s as truth serum during Red Scare/Cold War -Marijuana
What is RNR in the late 60s?
-REDEFINED POPULAR MUSIC --> changed how it was made, for whom it was made, and what it stood for -Became more deep w/ lyrics -Music integrated AA and white musical values into new music -Related to BUT seperate from its roots in African and European music -*1st AA-based style to become the dominant popular music of a generation*
What were the Stones like in the late 60s?
-Responded to the Beatles -Album: Their Satanic Majesties Request --> returned to their R&B roots (This album title demonstrates
Who is Bob Dylan?
-Robert Allen Zimmerman from Duluth, Minnesota -1st stage name is Elston Gunnn --> performed w/ Bobby Vee when replacing Valens and Holly the day that music died -Popular folk singer in NY from 1960-64 ("Blowin' in the Wind") -Accomplished songwriter but had awful stage fright so he did not leave his mic when performing -Broke from folk tradition in 1965 by using electric instruments which pissed off his fans --> album: Bringing it All Back Home had one side electric, one side acoustic -At 1965 Newport Folk Festival, folk community and Dylan felt betrayed by one another when he began playing electric instruments in his second set -Showed that pop music could address serious issues
What's goin' on in the late 60s?
-Rock revolution was fomenting for almost a decade and is coming of age now -Finally overthrew the popular-music establishment of the 1960s --> no longer "RNR specialists" -Sound of popular music transformed almost overnight --> well cemented now -Broadway, syrupy strings and Sinatra were OUT -British bands helped change the world (thank you to the Beatles and the Stones) -Motown and Memphis were HUGE which changed the size/scope of RNR -California groups and surf music in the West were big -Hippies in North (N cali initially then rest of cali) --> hipsters then -Very young folks here
What was the first concept album in RNR?
-Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band in June 1967 (later remastered and re-released in 2017) -Had that aural journey for the listener -Recorded performance of several acts, hosted by made-up band -"A Day in the Life" has super cheap London orchestra on it
Who was Wilson Pickett?
-Signed to Atlantic and recorded at Stax w/ Booker T and the MGs in 1965 -"In the Midnight Hour" was a huge hit -"Mustang Sally" was a huge hit w/ Nam b/c Amer Soldiers played it -Later recorded at Fame Studios in Muscle Shoals AL -Performed in Italy in class ex vid --> common for black artists to get more playtime in Europe than America
Who were Sam and Dave?
-Signed to Atlantic then exclusively at Stax -Teamed with David Porter and Issac Hayes with songs like "Soul Man"
Who was Jim Morrison?
-Singer, songwriter, and poet (wanted to be known as a poet the most) -Lead-man for the Doors -Self-proclaimed "King of Orgasmic Rock" -Had alcohol and heroin problems -Died in Paris at age 27 -Buried in Pere Lachaise cemetery --> always has fresh flowers interestingly
Who are Sonny and Cher?
-Sonny Bono and Cherilyn Sarkisian -Husband and wife team with Sonny writing all their material b/c he worked at Brill Building -Spector got them together b/c they started as backup singers for him ("Be My Baby" by the Ronettes and "You've Lost That Loving Feeling" by the Righteous Brothers) -Spector marketed them as hippie duo compared to Dylan & Baez -"I Got You Babe" uses hand claps which was a signature of Spector -In 1965, they had 5 tunes in Billboard Top 200 -1970s TV show even tho they divorced
Who is Stevie Wonder?
-Stevland Hardaway Judkins (1950-now) -Blind at a young age -Signed with Motown's Tamla label at age 11 as "Little Stevie Wonder" -Still records for Motown -Over 30 top 10 hits -Has 22 Grammys (most to a solo male artist)
Who were some other folk-rock bands?
-The Association (original name was The Men; lead group in 1967 Monterey Pop Festival) --> "were punk before punk was fashionable and Devo before Devo" -The Turtles (1965-1970) were originally a surf rock group called the Crossfires --> had some covers and some original hits
What were some bands that formed in Los Angeles in the late 1960s?
-The Byrds -Buffalo Springfield -The Doors -All of these explored dark emotions (especially the Doors)
Why does the new model work?
-The MP3 player and iPod increased the portability and can have multiple copies of albums on there -Technology and marketing model came of age at the same time leading to audience opting for convenience instead of quality
Who were some popular female Motown artists?
-The Supremes -Martha and the Vandellas
Who were some male Motown artists?
-The Temptations -Four Tops -Marvin Gaye -Stevie Wonder
Who were the Temptations?
-Their initial hits were written by Smokey Robinson like "The Way You Do The Things You Do" -Later teamed with Norman Whitfield -All of them had a lead vocal chance
Who was Country Joe and the Fish?
-VERY famous Woodstock performance -Active in Berkeley with the free speech movement -Song: "Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag"
What were some other psychedelic institutions in San Francisco?
-Venues where they rent out the room and have the happenings = Fillmore Auditorium (most imp) and Avalon Ballroom -Psychedelic Shop where you buy your own tie dye stuff (think like Wild Berry) -Print publications like San Francisco Oracle and the Rolling Stone -FM Radio which fostered psychedelia as that is more album-oriented
What are the two major musical/cultural elements that the Monkees combined with their music?
1) Brill Building 2) Beatles
What age did Stevie Wonder sign to Motown's Tamla label?
11!!
What are the years that psychedelia were most prominent?
1967/1968 to 1969 aka super short time period
Who are the people that made up the Monkees?
Actors!! NOT musicians
Who was Donovan?
Albums = "Sunshine Superman" (1966) and "Mellow Yellow" --> blended folk, jazz, pop, and psychedelia
What marked the end of the psychedelic era in terms of festivals?
Altamont Speedway Free Festival
What is a concept album?
An album organized around central idea/story
Who has the most #1 hits on the R&B charts for a female artist?
Aretha Franklin
Who was the studio band for Stax records?
Booker T and the MGs
What musical style did James Brown initially start with?
Doo-wop
What is unique about the Beatles and their releases?
EVERY release was successful --> EVERY album charted *Not always #1 but always on the charts*
What is a unique feature of the single "Good Vibrations" by the Beach Boys?
Experimentation with cutting and pasting the music tapes --> would physically glue pieces back together like ppl did with film tapes
What was the name of the studio house band for Motown?
Funk Brothers
Why did Brian Wilson stop touring?
He wanted to focus solely on songwriting to create more *ambitious* songwriting and production (seen with Pet Sounds album and "California Girls")
What was the famous Motown recording studio?
Hitsville USA
What is unique about the form for "Sunshine of Your Love"?
It is DOUBLE blues form aka 24-bar
Who was the first Motown artist to break away?
Marvin Gaye
What marked the beginning of the psychedelic era in terms of festivals?
Monterey International Pop Festival
What did a lot of folk rock groups (especially from NY) do?
Move to Los Angeles! --> relates to how Spector moved out there, size of the city, and increase in film industry out there
What is the simplified version of how Radiohead changed the world of music?
New marketing model & paradigm shift
What do you listen for especially in order to distinguish btwn Motown and Stax?
Presence of backup vocals (Motown had them!)
What was the recording studio for Stax records?
Soulville USA
Who has the most Grammys as a solo male artist?
Stevie Wonder
Who were some groups that were popular outside of the UK?
Stones and Cream
Who was the 1st *American* band to accumulate 8 consecutive gold LPs?
The Doors
What event marked the start of the psychedelic movement in San Francisco?
The Human Be-In in January 1967
What band is America's most commercially successful answer to the Beatles?
The Monkees!!
Who was a famous DJ known for his free form shows and playing of psychedelic music on FM radio?
Tom Donahue --> had skits, music, random acts on his show
Who is a famous recording artist of Fame Studios?
Wilson Pickett
What marked the peak of the psychedelic era?
Woodstock!
What was a pivotal moment in popular music history?
Woodstock!
