Muscle Attachments - (Origins & Insertions)
Extensor digitorum longus
ORIGIN: The Lateral Condyle of tibia and superior ¾ of interosseous membrane. To be more precise - Also from the deep surface of the fascia; and from the intermuscular septa between it and the tibialis anterior on the medial, and the fibularis muscles on the lateral side. Between it and the tibialis anterior are the upper portions of the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal nerve. The muscle passes under the superior and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in company with the fibularis tertius, and divides into four slips, which run forward on the dorsum of the foot (Towards insertion). INSERTION: The Middle and Distal phalanges of lateral four digits. To be more precise - The tendons to the second, third, and fourth toes are each joined, opposite the metatarsophalangeal articulations, on the lateral side by a tendon of the extensor digitorum brevis. The tendons are inserted in the following manner: each receives a fibrous expansion from the interossei and lumbricals, and then spreads out into a broad aponeurosis, which covers the dorsal surface of the first phalanx: this aponeurosis, at the articulation of the first with the second phalanx, divides into three slips—an intermediate, which is inserted into the base of the second phalanx; and two collateral slips, which, after uniting on the dorsal surface of the second phalanx, are continued onward, to be inserted into the base of the third phalanx.
Extensor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: The Ulna INSERTION: Distal phalanx of the Thumb
Extensor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: The anterior portion of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor tendon). INSERTION: Extensor expansion, located at the base of the proximal phalanx of the finger on the dorsal side.
Brachialis muscle
ORIGIN: The anterior surface of the humerus, particularly the distal half of this bone. INSERTION: The coronoid process and the tuberosity of the ulna.
Vastus intermedius
ORIGIN: The antero/ lateral femur. To be more precise - This muscle arises from the front and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur in its upper two-thirds, sitting under the rectus femoris muscle and from the lower part of the lateral inter muscular septum. INSERTION: Patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament. To be more precise - Its fibers end in a superficial aponeurosis, which forms the deep part of the quadriceps femoris tendon.
Semispinalis capitis
ORIGIN: The articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 & T1-T7 INSERTION: Area between superior & inferior nuchal line
Fibularis tertius
ORIGIN: The distal anterior surface of the fibula. To be more precise - The muscle arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula (anterior compartment of lower leg); from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis muscle. The septum is sometimes called the intermuscular septum of Otto. The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, (Towards Insertion) INSERTION: The dorsal surface of the base metatarsal bone of fifth digit.
Triceps Surae
ORIGIN: The distal femur (gastrocnemius), posterior tibia (soleus) To be more Precise - The superficial portion (the gastrocnemius) gives off 2 heads attaching to the base of the femur directly above the knee. The deep (profundis) mass of muscle (the soleus) forms the remaining head which attaches to the superior posterior area of the tibia. INSERTION: The achilles tendon & calcaneus. To be more Precise - The triceps surae is connected to the foot through the Achilles tendon, and has 3 heads deriving from the 2 major masses of muscle.
Soleus
ORIGIN: The fibula, and the medial border of the tibia on the soleal line. To be more precise - A majority of soleus muscle fibers originate from each side of the anterior aponeurosis, attached to the tibia and fibula. Other fibers originate from the posterior (back) surfaces of the head of the fibula and its upper quarter, as well as the middle third of the medial border of the tibia. INSERTION: On the Tendo calcaneus. To be more precise - The fibers originating from the anterior surface of the anterior aponeurosis insert onto the median septum and the fibers originating from the posterior surface of the anterior aponeurosis insert onto the posterior aponeurosis. The posterior aponeurosis and median septum join in the lower quarter of the muscle and then join with the anterior aponeuroses of the gastrocnemius muscles to form the calcaneal tendon or Achilles tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone.
Palmaris brevis
ORIGIN: The flexor retinaculum of the (medial), palmar aponeurosis. INSERTION: The Palm of Hand.
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
ORIGIN: The hamate bone. INSERTION: On the little finger
Iliacus
ORIGIN: The iliacus arises from the upper two-third of the iliac fossa iliac on the interior side of the hip bone, and also from the region of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS). INSERTION: base of the lesser trochanter of femur. To be more precise - It joins the psoas major to form the Iliopsoas as which it proceeds across the iliopubic eminence through the muscular lacuna to its insertion on the lesser trochanter of the femur. Its fibers are often inserted in front of those of the psoas major and extends distally over the lesser trochanter.
Gracilis
ORIGIN: The inferior pubic ramus. To be more precise - It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the anterior margins of the lower half of the symphysis pubis and the upper half of the pubic arch. INSERTION: tibia (pes anserinus). To be more precise - This tendon passes behind the medial condyle of the femur, curves around the medial condyle of the tibia where it becomes flattened, and inserts into the upper part of the medial surface of the body of the tibia, below the condyle.
Plantaris
ORIGIN: The lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius. To be more precise - It arises from the inferior part of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur at a position slightly superior to the origin of the lateral head of gastrocnemius. INSERTION: The tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon). To be more precise - Passing inferomedially posterior to the knee joint, it becomes tendinous while passing distally to insert into the tendo calcaneus, or occasionally separately inserting into the medial side of the calcaneus.
FOOT: PLANTAR 1st Layer
Abductor hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor digiti minimi,
Muscle of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh
Adductor Muscles of The Hip: ORIGIN: The Pubis INSERTION: The Femur & Tibia Gracilis, Pectineus, Adductor brevis, Adductor longus, Adductor magnus,
Forearm Compartments
Anterior compartment: Superficial Anterior compartment: Deep Posterior compartment: Superficial Posterior compartment: Deep
Thigh Muscles in the Anterior Compartment
Articularis genus, Sartorius, Quadriceps femoris, Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis,
Thigh Muscles in the Posterior Compartment
Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus,
FOOT: PLANTAR 4th Layer
Dorsal interossei, Plantar interossei,
Muscles of the Back -29
Erector spinae, Iliocostalis, Iliocostalis cervicis, Iliocostalis dorsi, Iliocostalis lumborum, Longissimus, Longissimus capitis, Longissimus cervicis, Longissimus thoracis, Spinalis, Spinalis capitis, Spinalis cervicis Spinalis dorsi, Latissimus dorsi, Transversospinales, Semispinalis capitis, Semispinalis cervicis, Semispinalis dorsi, Multifidus, Rotatores, Interspinales, Intertransversarii, Quadratus lumborum, Serratus posterior superior muscle, Serratus posterior inferior muscle, Levatores costarum, Iliopsoas, Psoas major, Psoas minor,
Muscles in the Superficial Aspect of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm
Extensor Digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi. Extensor carpi ulnaris, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
FOOT: DORSAL MUSCLES
Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor hallucis brevis,
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment (Deep Shank)
Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis, Fibularis tertius
FOOT: PLANTAR 3rd Layer
Flexor hallucis brevis, Adductor hallucis, Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Muscles of Hips and Lower Limbs
Iliopsoas, Psoas major, Psoas minor, Iliacus,
Intertransversarii (Cervical)
In the cervical region they are best developed, consisting of rounded muscular and tendinous fasciculi, and are placed in pairs, passing between the anterior and the posterior tubercles respectively of the transverse processes of two contiguous vertebræ, and separated from one another by an anterior primary division of the cervical nerve, which lies in the groove between them. The muscles connecting the anterior tubercles are termed the Intertransversarii anteriores. Those between the posterior tubercles are termed the Intertransversarii posteriores. There are seven pairs of these muscles, the first pair being between the atlas and axis, and the last pair between the seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebræ. ORIGIN: Transverse Process INSERTION: Transverse Process from above.
Interspinales cervicis
In the cervical region they are most distinct, & consist of six pairs, the first being situated between the axis & third vertebra, & the last between the seventh cervical & the first thoracic. They are small narrow bundles, attached, above and below, to the apices of the spinous processes. ORIGIN: Spinous Process INSERTION: Spinous Process
Interspinales Lumbar
In the lumbar region there are four pairs in the intervals between the five lumbar vertebræ. There is also occasionally one between the last thoracic & first lumbar, & one between the fifth lumbar & the sacrum. ORIGIN: Spinous Process INSERTION: Spinous Process
Intertransversarii (Lumbar)
In the lumbar region they are arranged in pairs, on either side of the vertebral column, one set occupying the entire interspace between the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebræ, the Intertransversarii laterales. the other set, Intertransversarii mediales, passing from the accessory process of one vertebra to the mammillary of the vertebra below. ORIGIN: Transverse Process INSERTION: Transverse Process from above.
Intertransversarii (Thoracic)
In the thoracic region they are present between the transverse processes of the lower three thoracic vertebræ, and between the transverse processes of the last thoracic and the first lumbar. ORIGIN: Transverse Process INSERTION: Transverse Process from above.
Interspinales thoracicus
In the thoracic region, they are found between the first & second vertebræ, & sometimes between the second & third, & between the eleventh and twelfth. ORIGIN: Spinous Process INSERTION: Spinous Process
Muscles of the Ribcage
Intercostales, External intercostals, Internal intercostals, Innermost intercostals, Subcostales, Transversus thoracis, Levatores costarum, Serratus posterior superior muscle, Serratus posterior inferior muscle, Serratus anterior muscles, Diaphragm, Transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis, Abdominal external oblique muscle, Abdominal internal oblique muscle
Abductor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Abductor hallucis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Adductor hallucis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Bulbospongiosus
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Coccygeus
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Cremaster
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Deep perineal pouch
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Dorsal interossei
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Extensor digitorum brevis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Extensor hallucis brevis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Flexor digitorum brevis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Flexor hallucis brevis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Iliococcygeus
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Ischiocavernosus
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Levator ani
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Lumbrical muscle
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Plantar interossei
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Puborectalis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Pyramidalis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Quadratus plantae Lumbrical muscle
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Sphincter ani externus muscle
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Sphincter ani internus muscle
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Sphincter urethrae membranaceae
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Superficial perineal pouch
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Transversus perinei profundus
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Transversus perinei superficialis
ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Iliocostalis dorsi
ORIGIN: (musculus accessorius; iliocostalis thoracis) arises by flattened tendons from the upper borders of the angles of the lower six ribs medial to the tendons of insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum; these become muscular. INSERTION: inserted into the upper borders of the angles of the upper six ribs and into the back of the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra.
Longissimus capitis
ORIGIN: (trachelomastoid muscle) lies medial to the longissimus cervicis, between it and the semispinalis capitis. It arises by tendons from the transverse processes of the upper four or five thoracic vertebræ, and the articular processes of the lower three or four cervical vertebrae INSERTION: Inserted into the posterior margin of the mastoid process, beneath the splenius capitis and sternocleidomastoideus.
Pectoralis Minor
ORIGIN: 3rd to 5th ribs, near costal cartilages INSERTION: Coracoid process
Triceps Brachii: (lateral head)
ORIGIN: Above the radial sulcus INSERTION: Olecranon process of ulna.
Rectus femoris
ORIGIN: Anterior inferior iliac spine and the exterior surface of the bony ridge which forms the iliac portion of the acetabulum. To be more precise - It arises by two tendons: one, the anterior or straight, from the anterior inferior iliac spine; the other, the posterior or reflected, from a groove above the rim of the acetabulum. The two unite at an acute angle, and spread into an aponeurosis which is prolonged downward on the anterior surface of the muscle, and from this the muscular fibers arise. INSERTION: Patella and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament. To be more precise - The muscle ends in a broad and thick aponeurosis which occupies the lower two-thirds of its posterior surface, and, gradually becoming narrowed into a flattened tendon, is inserted into the base of the patella.
Piriformis muscle
ORIGIN: Anterior surface of sacrum between and laterally to the anterior sacral foramina. INSERTION: Superior boundary of greater trochanter.
Adductor brevis
ORIGIN: Anterior surface of the inferior pubic ramus. To be more precise - It arises by a narrow origin from the outer surfaces of the superior and inferior rami of the pubis, between the gracilis and obturator externus. Its fibers, passing backward, lateralward, and downward towards the insertion. INSERTION: The lesser trochanter and linea aspera of the femur. To be more precise - Its inserted, by an aponeurosis, into the line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera and into the upper part of the linea aspera, immediately behind the pectineus and upper part of the adductor longus.
Longus capitis
ORIGIN: Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae. INSERTION: Basilar part of the occipital bone
Deltoid: Anterior Fibers
ORIGIN: Arise from the anterior border & upper surface of the lateral 3rd of the clavicle INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Semispinalis cervicis
ORIGIN: Arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebrae, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth inclusive. INSERTION: Cervical spinous processes, from the axis to the fifth cervical vertebra.
Adductor longus
ORIGIN: Arises from the Superior ramus of the pubis just below the pubic crest. The fibers of the adductor longus extend into the adductor canal. INSERTION: The middle third of the medial lip of the linea aspera on the femur.
Iliocostalis cervicis
ORIGIN: Arises from the angles of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. INSERTION: Inserted into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae.
Trapezius: Middle Fibers
ORIGIN: Arises from the spinous process of the seventh cervical (both in the back of the neck), and the spinous processes of the first, second, and third thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: The medial margin of the acromion, & into the superior lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula.
Trapezius: Lower Fibers
ORIGIN: Arises from the spinous processes of vertebrae T4 - T12. INSERTION: From the origin, the fibers proceed upward & laterally to converge near the scapula & end up in an aponeurosis, and end in an aponeurosis, which glides over the smooth triangular surface on the medial end of the spine, to be inserted into a tubercle at the apex of this smooth triangular surface.
Longissimus capitis
ORIGIN: Articular processes of C4-C7; transverse process of T1-T5. INSERTION: The posterior margin of the mastoid process.
Fibularis tertius
ORIGIN: At the distal anterior surface of the fibula also the interosseous membrane. To be more precise - arises from the lower third of the anterior surface of the fibula (anterior compartment of lower leg); from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; and from an intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus brevis muscle. The septum is sometimes called the intermuscular septum of Otto. The tendon, after passing under the superior extensor retinaculum of foot and inferior extensor retinaculum of foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus, (towards insertion). INSERTION: It is inserted into the dorsal surface of the base of the metatarsal bone of the fifth digit.
Rectus capitis anterior
ORIGIN: Atlas INSERTION: Occipital bone
Triceps Brachii: (medial head)
ORIGIN: Below the radial sulcus INSERTION: Olecranon process of ulna.
Scalene muscles
ORIGIN: Cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII) INSERTION: First and second ribs
Pectoralis major (Clavicular)
ORIGIN: Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. INSERTION: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus (anteromedial proximal humerus)
Quadriceps femoris
ORIGIN: Combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles INSERTION: Tibial tuberosity Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius
Extensor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), of the ulna. INSERTION: 5th metacarpal
Coracobrachialis
ORIGIN: Coracoid process INSERTION: Medial Humerus
Biceps Brachii (short head)
ORIGIN: Coracoid process of the scapula. INSERTION: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm
Rectus abdominis
ORIGIN: Crest of pubis. INSERTION: Costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum.
Trapezius: Upper Fibers
ORIGIN: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of C1 - C7. INSERTION: From the origin these fibers proceed downward & laterally to be inserted into the posterior border of the lateral 3rd of the clavicle.
Trapezius
ORIGIN: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C1 - T12. INSERTION: Spine of scapula & the border of the lateral 3rd of the posterior clavicle, acromion process.
Serratus Anterior
ORIGIN: Fleshy slips from the outer surface or upper 8 or 9 ribs. INSERTION: Medial border of scapula.
Lumbrical
ORIGIN: Flexor digitorum profundus INSERTION: The Extensor Expansion
Flexor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: Flexor retinaculum of the Trapezoid. INSERTION: Proximal phalanx of the Thumb.
Gluteus minimus muscle
ORIGIN: From area in between the anterior gluteal line and inferior gluteal line of Gluteal surface ilium, under gluteus medius. To be more precise - It is fan-shaped, arising from the outer surface of the ilium, between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines, and behind, from the margin of the greater sciatic notch. INSERTION: Greater trochanter of the femur. To be more precise - The fibers converge to the deep surface of a radiated aponeurosis, and this ends in a tendon which is inserted into an impression on the anterior border of the greater trochanter, and gives an expansion to the capsule of the hip joint. It is also a local stabilizer for the hip.
Gluteus maximus muscle
ORIGIN: Gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament. To be more precise - It arises from the posterior gluteal line of the inner upper ilium, and the rough portion of bone including the crest, immediately above and behind it; from the posterior surface of the lower part of the sacrum and the side of the coccyx; from the aponeurosis of the erector spinae (lumbodorsal fascia), the sacrotuberous ligament, and the fascia covering the gluteus medius (gluteal aponeurosis). INSERTION: Gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract. To be more precise - The fibers are directed obliquely downward and lateralward; The gluteus maximus has two insertions: Those forming the upper and larger portion of the muscle, together with the superficial fibers of the lower portion, end in a thick tendinous lamina, which passes across the greater trochanter, and inserts into the iliotibial band of the fascia lata; The Deeper fibers of the lower portion of the muscle are inserted into the gluteal tuberosity between the vastus lateralis and adductor magnus.
Gluteus medius muscle
ORIGIN: Gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus. To be more precise - The gluteus medius muscle starts, or "originates," on the outer surface of the ilium between the iliac crest and the posterior gluteal line above, and the anterior gluteal line below; the gluteus medius also originates from the gluteal aponeurosis that covers its outer surface. INSERTION: Greater trochanter of the femur. To be more precise - The fibers of the muscle converge into a strong flattened tendon that inserts on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. More specifically, the muscle's tendon inserts into an oblique ridge that runs downward and forward on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter.
Vastus lateralis
ORIGIN: Greater trochanter, Intertrochanteric line, and Linea aspera of the Femur. To be more precise - It arises by a broad aponeurosis, which is attached to the upper part of the intertrochanteric line, to the anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, to the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and to the upper half of the lateral lip of the linea aspera; this aponeurosis covers the upper three-quarters of the muscle, and from its deep surface many fibers take origin. A few additional fibres arise from the tendon of the gluteus maximus, and from the lateral intermuscular septum between the vastus lateralis and short head of the biceps femoris. Next (Check more precise Insertion info). INSERTION: Patella via the Quadriceps tendon and Tibial tuberosity via the Patellar ligament. To be more precise - The fibers form a large fleshy mass, which is attached to a strong aponeurosis, placed on the deep surface of the lower part of the muscle: this aponeurosis becomes contracted and thickened into a flat tendon inserted into the lateral border of the patella, blending with the quadriceps femoris tendon, and giving an expansion to the capsule of the knee-joint.
Opponens digiti minimi
ORIGIN: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum. INSERTION: Medial border of 5th metacarpal.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
ORIGIN: Humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon). INSERTION: Base of the 3rd metacarpal.
Latissimus Dorsi
ORIGIN: Inferior angle of scapula & the Spinous processes of vertebrae T6-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Platysma
ORIGIN: Inferior clavicle and fascia of chest INSERTION: Mandible
Triceps Brachii (long head)
ORIGIN: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula INSERTION: Olecranon process of ulna, above the radial sulcus
Abdominal internal oblique muscle
ORIGIN: Inguinal ligament, Iliac crest and the Lumbodorsal fascia. INSERTION: Linea alba, Pecten Pubis (via Conjoint tendon) and ribs 10-12.
Longissimus thoracis
ORIGIN: Is the intermediate and largest of the continuations of the sacrospinalis. In the lumbar region, where it is as yet blended with the iliocostalis lumborum, some of its fibers are attached to the whole length of the posterior surfaces of the transverse processes & the accessory processes of the lumbar vertebræ, & to the anterior layer of the lumbodorsal fascia. INSERTION: In the thoracic region, it is inserted, by rounded tendons, into the tips of the transverse processes of all the thoracic vertebræ, and by fleshy processes into the lower nine or ten ribs between their tubercles and angles.
Subclavius muscle
ORIGIN: It arises by a short, thick tendon from the first rib and cartilage INSERTION: Inserted into subclavian groove on the under surface of the clavicle between the trapezoid ligament and conoid ligaments
Tensor fasciae latae
ORIGIN: It arises from the anterior part of the outer lip of the iliac crest; from the outer surface of the anterior superior iliac spine, and part of the outer border of the notch below it, between the gluteus medius and sartorius; and from the deep surface of the fascia lata. INSERTION: It is inserted between the two layers of the iliotibial band of the fascia lata about the junction of the middle and upper thirds of the thigh. The tensor fasciae latae tautens the iliotibial band and braces the knee, especially when the opposite foot is lifted.[1] The terminal insertion point lies on the lateral condyle of the tibia.
Spinalis cervicis
ORIGIN: It arises from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchæ, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and sometimes from the spinous processes of the first and second thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: It is inserted into the spinosus process of the axis, and occasionally into the spinous processes of the two cervical vertebrae below it.
Quadratus lumborum
ORIGIN: It originates from the lower border of the last rib for about half its length, and by four small tendons from the apices of the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae. INSERTION: It inserts via aponeurotic fibers into the iliolumbar ligament and the internal lip of the iliac crest for about 5 cm.
Quadratus femoris muscle
ORIGIN: It originates on the lateral border of the ischial tuberosity of the ischium of the pelvis INSERTION: Intertrochanteric crest. To be more precise - On the posterior side of the head of the femur: the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest and along the quadrate line, the vertical line which runs downward to bisect the lesser trochanter on the medial side of the femur.
Gemellus inferior muscle
ORIGIN: Just above the tuberosity of the ischium. INSERTION: Lower edge of piriformis muscles tendon (indirectly greater trochanter).
Extensor digitorum
ORIGIN: Lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon) INSERTION: 2nd-5th phalange
Supinator
ORIGIN: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament INSERTION: Lateral proximal radial shaft
Obliquus capitis superior
ORIGIN: Lateral mass of atlas INSERTION: Lateral half of the inferior nuchal line
Extensor carpi radialis longus
ORIGIN: Lateral supracondylar ridge INSERTION: 2nd metacarpal.
Brachioradialis
ORIGIN: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus. INSERTION: Distal radius (Radial styloid process).
Obturator externus muscle
ORIGIN: Lateral surface of obturator membrane and the ischiopubic ramus. INSERTION: The Trochanteric fossa.
Triceps Brachii
ORIGIN: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula ORIGIN: Lateral head: above the radial sulcus ORIGIN: Medial head: below the radial sulcus INSERTION: Olecranon process of ulna.
Sternocleidomastoid
ORIGIN: Manubrium sterni, & the medial portion of the clavicle. INSERTION: Mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line.
Flexor carpi radialis
ORIGIN: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) INSERTION: Bases of second and third metacarpal bones
Palmaris longus
ORIGIN: Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) INSERTION: Palmar aponeurosis
Flexor digitorum superficialis
ORIGIN: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), as well as parts of the radius and ulna. INSERTION: Phalanges II-V
Vastus medialis
ORIGIN: Medial side of femur. To be more precise - originates from a continuous line of attachment on the femur, which begins on the front and middle side (anteromedially) on the intertrochanteric line of the femur. It continues down and back (posteroinferiorly) along the pectineal line and then descends along the inner (medial) lip of the linea aspera and onto the medial supracondylar line of the femur. INSERTION: Quadriceps tendon. To be more precise - The fibers converge onto the inner (medial) part of the quadriceps femoris tendon and the inner (medial) border of the patella.
Obturator internus muscle
ORIGIN: Medial surface of obturator membrane and the surrounding bone. INSERTION: Medial surface of greater trochanter.
Pronator quadratus
ORIGIN: Medial, anterior surface of the ulna INSERTION:Lateral, anterior surface of the radius
Infraspinatus
ORIGIN: Medially to the infraspinous fossa of the Scapula. INSERTION: Laterally to the middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus.
Splenius capitis
ORIGIN: Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3. INSERTION: Mastoid process of temporal & occipital bone
Rhomboid Minor
ORIGIN: Nuchal ligaments & spinous processes of C7 - T1 INSERTION: Superior part of medial border of the scapula & superior to the insertion of rhomboid major muscle
Tibialis posterior
ORIGIN: On the inner posterior borders of the tibia and fibula. It is also attached to the interosseous membrane, which attaches to the tibia and fibula. The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (sometimes called the posterior tibial tendon) descends posterior to the medial malleolus and terminates by dividing into plantar, main, and recurrent components (towards insertions). INSERTION: The plantar portion inserts into the bases of the second, third and fourth metatarsals, the second and third cuneiforms and the cuboid. The main portion inserts into the tuberosity of the navicular and the plantar surface of the first cuneiform. The recurrent portion inserts into the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus.
Abductor digiti minimi
ORIGIN: Pisiform INSERTION: Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side.
Teres Major
ORIGIN: Posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula's lateral border INSERTION: Medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Flexor digitorum longus
ORIGIN: Posterior surface of the body of the tibia. To be more precise - It arises from the posterior surface of the body of the tibia, from immediately below the soleal line to within 7 or 8 cm. of its lower extremity, medial to the tibial origin of the Tibialis posterior; it also arises from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior. The fibers end in a tendon, which runs nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon passes behind the medial malleolus, in a groove, common to it and the tibialis posterior, but separated from the latter by a fibrous septum, each tendon being contained in a special compartment lined by a separate mucous sheath. The tendon of the tibialis posteriorm and the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus cross each other, in a spot above the medial malleolus, the crural tendinous chiasm. It passes obliquely forward and lateralward, superficial to the deltoid ligament of the ankle-joint, into the sole of the foot, where it crosses below the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus (plantar tendinous chiasm), and receives from it a strong tendinous slip. It then expands and is joined by the quadratus plantæ, and finally divides into four tendons, (towards insertion). INSERTION: Plantar surface; into the bases of the last phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes, each tendon passing through an opening in the corresponding tendon of the flexor digitorum brevis opposite the base of the first phalanx.
Levator scapulae
ORIGIN: Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1 - C4. INSERTION: Superior part of medial border of scapula.
Scalenus medius
ORIGIN: Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebræ (C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 & C7) INSERTION: Upper surface of the first rib.
Levator Scapulae
ORIGIN: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae INSERTION: Superior part of medial border of scapula
Palmar interossei
ORIGIN: Proximal phalange INSERTION: The metacarpals
Extensor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: Radius INSERTION: Proximal phalanx of the Thumb
Abdominal external oblique muscle
ORIGIN: Ribs 5-12 INSERTION: Iliac crest, Pubic tubercle, Linea alba
Iliocostalis lumborum
ORIGIN: Sacrum/Illiac Crest/Spinous Processes of lower lumbar/thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: (iliocostalis muscle; sacrolumbalis muscle) is inserted, by six or seven flattened tendons, into the inferior borders of the angles of the lower six or seven ribs.
Deltoid
ORIGIN: Spine of scapula & the anterior border & upper surface of the lateral 3rd of the clavicle, acromion. INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Rhomboid Major
ORIGIN: Spinous Processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae INSERTION: Medial border of Scapula (inferior to the insertion of the rhomboid minor muscle)
Rectus capitis posterior major
ORIGIN: Spinous process of the axis (C2) INSERTION: Inferior nucheal line of the occipital bone
Obliquus Capitis inferior
ORIGIN: Spinous process of the axis. INSERTION: Lateral mass of the atlas.
Splenius cervicis
ORIGIN: Spinous processes of T3-T6. INSERTION: Transverse Processes of C1 - C3.
Erector Spinae
ORIGIN: Spinous processes of T9-T12 thoracic vertebræ, medial slope of the dorsal segment of illiac crest INSERTION: spinous processes of T1 & T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae
Latissimus dorsi
ORIGIN: Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs & inferior angle of scapula INSERTION: Floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Pectoralis major (Sternaocostal)
ORIGIN: Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle INSERTION: Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus (anteromedial proximal humerus)
Subscapularis
ORIGIN: Subscapular fossa INSERTION: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Sartorius
ORIGIN: Superior to the anterior superior iliac spine. To be more precise - It arises by tendinous fibres from the anterior superior iliac spine, running obliquely across the upper and anterior part of the thigh in an inferomedial direction. INSERTION: Anteromedial side of the upper tibia in the pes anserinus. To be more precise - The tendon of this muscle curves anteriorly to join the tendons of the gracilis and semitendinosus muscles which together form the pes anserinus, finally inserting into the proximal part of the tibia on the medial surface of its body.
Biceps Brachii (long head)
ORIGIN: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. INSERTION: Radial tuberosity & bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia on medial part of forearm.
Supraspinatus
ORIGIN: Supraspinous fossa of scapula INSERTION: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Gemellus Superior muscle
ORIGIN: The Ischial spine. INSERTION: The Upper edge of piriformis muscles tendon (indirectly greater trochanter).
Biceps femoris
ORIGIN: The long head: tuberosity of the ischium. To be more precise - the long head, arises from the lower and inner impression on the back part of the tuberosity of the ischium, by a tendon common to it and the semitendinosus, and from the lower part of the sacrotuberous ligament; The short head: linea aspera, femur. To be more precise - the short head, arises from the lateral lip of the linea aspera, between the adductor magnus and vastus lateralis, extending up almost as high as the insertion of the gluteus maximus; from the lateral prolongation of the linea aspera to within 5 cm. of the lateral condyle; and from the lateral inter muscular septum. INSERTION: The head of the fibula which articulates with the back of the lateral tibial condyle. To be precise - The fibers of the long head form a fusiform belly, which passes obliquely downward and lateralward across the sciatic nerve to end in an aponeurosis which covers the posterior surface of the muscle, and receives the fibers of the short head; this aponeurosis becomes gradually contracted into a tendon, which is inserted into the lateral side of the head of the fibula, and by a small slip into the lateral condyle of the tibia. At its insertion the tendon divides into two portions, which embrace the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint. From the posterior border of the tendon a thin expansion is given off to the fascia of the leg. The tendon of insertion of this muscle forms the lateral hamstring; the common fibular (peroneal) nerve descends along its medial border
Deltoid: Posterior Fibers
ORIGIN: The lower lip of the posterior border of the spine of the scapula. INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Fibularis brevis
ORIGIN: The lower two-thirds of lateral fibula. To be more precise - It arises from the lower two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the fibula; medial to the fibularis longus; and from the intermuscular septa separating it from the adjacent muscles on the front and back of the leg. The fibers pass vertically downward, and end in a tendon which runs behind the lateral malleolus along with but in front of that of the preceding muscle, the two tendons being enclosed in the same compartment, and lubricated by a common mucous sheath. It then runs forward on the lateral side of the calcaneus, above the trochlear process and the tendon of the Peronæus longus, (towards insertion). INSERTION: It is inserted into the tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, on its lateral side.
Gastrocnemius
ORIGIN: The medial and lateral condyle of the femur. To be more precise - The lateral head originates from the lateral condyle of the femur, while the medial head originates from the medial condyle of the femur. Its other end forms a common tendon with the soleus muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon. INSERTION: The calcaneal tendon or Achilles Tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone.
Dorsal interossei
ORIGIN: The metacarpals INSERTION: Proximal phalange
Flexor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: The middle 2/4 of the volar [surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane. (Also occasionally a small origin slightly on the medial epicondyle of the ulna.) INSERTION: The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Popliteus
ORIGIN: The middle facet of the lateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle. INSERTION: It then inserts on the posterior surface of the tibia, just proximal to the soleal line under the tibial condyles.
Extensor hallucis longus
ORIGIN: The middle portion of the fibula on the anterior surface and the interosseous membrane. To be more precise - It arises from the anterior surface of the fibula for about the middle two-fourths of its extent, medial to the origin of the Extensor digitorum longus; it also arises from the interosseous membrane to a similar extent. The fibers pass downward, and end in a tendon, which occupies the anterior border of the muscle, passes through a distinct compartment in the cruciate crural ligament, crosses from the lateral to the medial side of the anterior tibial vessels near the bend of the ankle,(Towards insertion). INSERTION: The dorsal side of the base of the distal phalanx of the Hallux or great toe.
Flexor hallucis longus
ORIGIN: The posterior aspect of upper 1/3 of the fibula. To be more precise - It arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the body of the fibula, with the exception of 2.5 cm. at its lowest part; from the lower part of the interosseous membrane; from an intermuscular septum between it and the Peronæi, laterally, and from the fascia covering the Tibialis posterior, medially. The fibers pass obliquely downward and backward, where it passes through the tarsal tunnel on the medial side of the foot and end in a tendon which occupies nearly the whole length of the posterior surface of the muscle. This tendon lies in a groove which crosses the posterior surface of the lower end of the tibia, the posterior surface of the talus, and the under surface of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus; in the sole of the foot it runs forward between the two heads of the Flexor hallucis brevis going (towards insertion). INSERTION: On the plantar surface of the foot, at The base of distal phalanx of hallux.
Abductor pollicis longus
ORIGIN: The radial styloid process of the ulna. INSERTION: 1st metacarpal
Pectineus
ORIGIN: The superior pubic ramus. To be more precise - arises from the pectineal line of the pubis and to a slight extent from the surface of bone in front of it, between the iliopectineal eminence and pubic tubercle, and from the fascia covering the anterior surface of the muscle; the fibers pass downward, backward, and lateral toward its insertion. INSERTION: The lesser trochanter, linea aspera of the femur. To be more precise - inserted into the pectineal line of the femur which leads from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera.
Deltoid: Lateral Fibers
ORIGIN: The superior surface of the acromion process INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Rectus capitis posterior minor
ORIGIN: The tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1). INSERTION: The medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum
Semimembranosus
ORIGIN: The tuberosity of the ischium. To be more precise - It arises by a thick tendon from the upper and outer impression on the ischial tuberosity, above and medial to the biceps femoris and semitendinosus. The tendon of origin expands into an aponeurosis, which covers the upper part of the anterior surface of the muscle; from this aponeurosis, muscular fibers arise, and converge to another aponeurosis which covers the lower part of the posterior surface of the muscle and contracts into the tendon of insertion. INSERTION: Medial surface of tibia. To be more precise - it inserts on the medial condyle and nearby margin of tibia; intercondylar fossa of femur and lateral condyle of femur; and the ligament of the popliteal region (at the back of the knee).
Semitendinosus
ORIGIN: The tuberosity of the ischium. To be more precise - It arises from the lower and medial impression on the tuberosity of the ischium, by a tendon common to it and the long head of the biceps femoris; it also arises from an aponeurosis which connects the adjacent surfaces of the two muscles to the extent of about 7.5 cm. from their origin. INSERTION: The Pes anserinus. To be more precise - The muscle is fusiform and ends a little below the middle of the thigh in a long round tendon which lies along the medial side of the popliteal fossa; it then curves around the medial condyle of the tibia and passes over the medial collateral ligament of the knee-joint, from which it is separated by a bursa, and is inserted into the upper part of the medial surface of the body of the tibia, nearly as far forward as its anterior crest.
Adductor magnus
ORIGIN: The tuberosity of the ischium. To be more precise - It consists of two parts. The portion which arises from the ischiopubic ramus (a small part of the inferior ramus of the pubis, and the inferior ramus of the ischium) is called the pubofemoral portion, adductor portion, or adductor minimus, and the portion arising from the tuberosity of the ischium is called the ischiocondylar portion, or "hamstring portion". INSERTION: On the femur & adductor tubercle of femur. To be more precise - Those fibers which arise from the ramus of the pubis are short, horizontal in direction, and are inserted into the rough line of the femur leading from the greater trochanter to the linea aspera, medial to the gluteus maximus. Those fibers from the ramus of the ischium are directed downward and laterally with different degrees of obliquity, to be inserted, by means of a broad aponeurosis, into the linea aspera and the upper part of its medial prolongation below.
Flexor digitorum profundus
ORIGIN: The ulna INSERTION: Distal phalanges
Extensor indicis
ORIGIN: The ulna INSERTION: Index finger (extensor hood)
Longissimus
ORIGIN: Transverse Process INSERTION: Transverse Process This muscle goes from the origin of the first transverse process of a vertebrae and goes to the next vertebrae down to insert. This is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae.
Abductor pollicis brevis
ORIGIN: Transverse carpal ligament, of the scaphoid and trapezium. INSERTION: Radial base of the proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors
Adductor pollicis
ORIGIN: Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal. Oblique head: bases of the 2nd and the 3rd metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones. INSERTION: The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid.
Longus colli
ORIGIN: Transverse processes of C-3 - C-6. INSERTION: Inferior surface of the occipital bone.
Scalenus posterior
ORIGIN: Transverse processes of C4, C5 and C6 INSERTION: 2nd Rib.
Scalenus anterior
ORIGIN: Transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebræ (C3, C4, C5 & C6). INSERTION: 1st Rib.
Opponens pollicis
ORIGIN: Trapezium and transverse carpal ligament INSERTION: Metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side
Omohyoid
ORIGIN: Upper border of the scapula. INSERTION: Hyoid bone
Fibularis longus
ORIGIN: Upper lateral shaft of fibula. To be more precise - It arises from the head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the fibula, from the deep surface of the fascia, and from the intermuscular septa between it and the muscles on the front and back of the leg; occasionally also by a few fibers from the lateral condyle of the tibia. It ends in a long tendon, which runs behind the lateral malleolus, in a groove common to it and the tendon of the fibularis brevis; the groove is converted into a canal by the superior fibular retinaculum, and the tendons in it are contained in a common mucous sheath; The tendon then extends obliquely forward across the lateral side of the calcaneus, below the trochlear process, and the tendon of the fibularis brevis, and under cover of the inferior fibular retinaculum; It crosses the lateral side of the cuboid, and then runs on the under surface of that bone in a groove which is converted into a canal by the long plantar ligament; the tendon then crosses the sole of the foot obliquely (towards insertion). INSERTION: Into the lateral side of the base of the first metatarsal bone and the lateral side of the medial cuneiform. Occasionally it sends a slip to the base of the second metatarsal bone
Rectus capitis lateralis
ORIGIN: Upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1). INSERTION: Under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone.
Serratus anterior muscles
ORIGIN: fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs. Normally originates by nine or ten slips from either the first to ninth ribs or the first to eighth ribs. Because two slips usually arise from the second rib, the number of slips is greater than the number of ribs from which they originate. INSERTION: costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula. To be more precise; The muscle is inserted along the medial border of the scapula between the superior and inferior angles along with being inserted along the thoracic vertebrae. The muscle is divided into three named parts depending on their points of insertions. The serratus anterior superior is inserted near the superior angle The serratus anterior intermediate is inserted along the medial border The serratus anterior inferior is inserted near the inferior angle.
Pronator teres
ORIGIN: humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of the ulna. INSERTION: Radius pronator tuberosity
Teres Minor
ORIGIN: humerus origin arises from lateral border of the scapula. INSERTION: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus.
Flexor carpi ulnaris
ORIGIN: medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon). INSERTION: pisiform
Tibialis anterior
ORIGIN: the upper two-thirds of the lateral (outside) surface of the tibia. INSERTION: The medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot.
Muscles in the (Main) Lateral Rotator Group
Piriformis muscle, Gemellus Superior muscle, Obturator internus muscle, Gemellus inferior muscle, Obturator externus muscle, Quadratus femoris muscle,
Muscles of the Neck
Platysma, Sternocleidomastoid, Longus colli, Longus capitis, Rectus capitis anterior, Lateral Scalene muscles, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Scalenus posterior, Levator scapulae, Rectus capitis lateralis, Obliquus capitis superior, Obliquus Capitis inferior, Rectus capitis posterior minor, Rectus capitis posterior major, Semispinalis capitis, Longissimus capitis, Splenius capitis, Splenius cervicis, Spinalis, Spinalis cervicis,
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment (Deep Shank)
Popliteus, Tarsal Tunnel: Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior,
Muscles in the Deep Aspect of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm
Pronator quadratus, Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus,
Muscles in the Superficial Aspect of the Anterior Compartment of the Forearm
Pronator teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis,
FOOT: PLANTAR 2nd Layer
Quadratus plantae, Lumbrical muscle
Perineum: Sphincter ani
Sphincter ani externus muscle, Sphincter ani internus muscle, Superficial perineal pouch, Transversus perinei superficialis, Bulbospongiosus, Ischiocavernosus, Deep perineal pouch, Transversus perinei profundus, Sphincter urethrae membranaceae,
Spinalis capitis
Spinalis capitis (biventer cervicis) is usually inseparably connected with the semispinalis captious. The semispinalis capitis (complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the splenius, and medial to the longissimus cervicis and capitis. It is part of the transversospinales muscle group. ORIGIN: Transverse processes of lower cervical and higher thoracic columnar INSERTION: Area between superior and inferior nuchal line.
Spinalis dorsi
Spinalis dorsi, the medial continuation of the sacrospinalis, is scarcely separable as a distinct muscle. It is situated at the medial side of the longissimus dorsi, and is intimately blended with it; ORIGIN: it arises by three or four tendons from the spinous processes of the first two lumbar and the last two thoracic vertebrae: these, uniting, form a small muscle of which: (see insertion). INSERTION: It is inserted by separate tendons into the spinous processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae, the number varying from four to eight.
Muscles in the Deep Aspect of the Posterior Compartment of the Forearm
Supinator, Extensor indicis, Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis, Extensor pollicis longus,
Muscles of the Gluteal Region
Tensor fasciae latae, Gluteus maximus muscle, Gluteus medius muscle, Gluteus minimus muscle, Piriformis muscle, Gemellus Superior muscle, Obturator internus muscle, Gemellus inferior muscle, Obturator externus muscle,
Interspinales
The Interspinales are short muscular fasciculi, placed in pairs between the spinous processes of the contiguous vertebræ, one on either side of the interspinal ligament. ORIGIN: Spinous Process. INSERTION: Spinous Process
Intertransversarii
The Intertransversarii are small muscles placed between the transverse processes of the vertebræ. ORIGIN: Transverse Process INSERTION: Transverse Process from above.
Multifidus
The multifidus (multifidus spinae : pl. multifidi ) muscle consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi, which fill up the groove on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum to the axis. The multifidus is a very thin muscle. ORIGIN: SACRAL REGION: from the back of the sacrum, as low as the fourth sacral foramen, from the aponeurosis of origin of the Sacrospinalis, from the medial surface of the posterior superior iliac spine, and from the posterior sacroiliac ligaments. LUMBAR REGION: from all the mamillary processes. THORACIC REGION: from all the transverse processes. CERVICAL REGION: from the articular processes of the lower four vertebrae. INSERTION: Each fasciculus, passing obliquely upward and medially, is inserted into the whole length of the spinous process of one of the vertebræ above.
Serratus posterior inferior muscle
The muscle lies at the junction of the thoracic and lumbar regions. ORIGIN: The origin arises from the vertebrae T11 through L2. It arises by a thin aponeurosis from the spinous processes of the lower two thoracic and upper two or three lumbar vertebrae, and from the supraspinal ligament. The thin aponeurosis of origin is intimately blended with the lumbodorsal fascia, and aponeurosis of the Latissimus dorsi. INSERTION: The inferior borders of the 9th through 12th ribs by passing obliquely upward and lateralward, it becomes fleshy, and divides into four flat digitations, which are inserted into the inferior borders of the lower four ribs, a little beyond their angles.
Psoas major
The psoas major (/ˈsoʊ.əs/ or /ˈsoʊ.æs/) is a long fusiform muscle located on the side of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and brim of the lesser pelvis. It joins the iliacus muscle to form the iliopsoas. The psoas major is divided into a superficial and deep part. ORIGIN: Deep Part: The deep part originates from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae I-V. Superficial Part: The superficial part originates from the lateral surfaces of the last thoracic vertebra, lumbar vertebrae I-IV, and from neighboring intervertebral discs. The lumbar plexus lies between the two layers INSERTION: On the lesser trochanter of the femur
Rotatores
The rotatores (rotatores spinae) muscles lie beneath the multifidus and are present in all spinal regions but most prominent in the thoracic region; they are eleven in number on either side. Each muscle is small and somewhat quadrilateral in form. The first thoracic rotatores muscle is found between the first and second thoracic vertebrae; the last, between the eleventh and twelfth. Sometimes the number of these muscles is diminished by the absence of one or more from the upper or lower end. The Rotatores muscles have a high density of proprioceptors and have been implicated in postural control ORIGIN: it arises from the superior and posterior part of the transverse process of each vertebrae. INSERTION: It is inserted into the lower border and lateral surface or junction of the transverse process of the lamina of the vertebra above, the fibers extending as far as the root of the spinous process.
Semispinalis capitus
The semispinalis capitis (complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the splenius, and medial to the longissimus cervicis and capitis. It is part of the transversospinales muscle group. ORIGIN: It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebrae, and from the articular processes of the three cervical vertebrae above this (C4-C6). INSERTION: Area between superior and inferior nuchal line.The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone.
Semispinalis dorsi
The semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length. ORIGIN: Transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: Spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae.
Semispinalis
The semispinalis muscle is a transversospinalis muscle of the human body. More specifically, it is one of three muscles:
Spinalis
The spinalis is a portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts: Spinalis dorsi, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis. ORIGIN: INSERTION:
Iliopsoas
The term iliopsoas (ilio-so-as) refers to the combination of the psoas major and the iliacus at their inferior ends. These muscles are distinct in the abdomen, but usually indistinguishable in the thigh. ORIGIN: iliac fossa (iliacus), sacrum (iliacus), spine (T12, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5) & intervertebral discs (psoas major, psoas minor) INSERTION: femur—lesser trochanter (psoas major/minor), shaft below lesser trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus)
Transversospinales Muscles
The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. These muscles are small and have a poor mechanical advantage for contributing to motion. They include: Semispinalis - (spanning 4-6 vertebral segments) Semispinalis dorsi Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis capitis Multifidus - (spanning 2-4 vertebral segments) rRotatores - (spanning 1-2 vertebral segments) Rotatores cervicis Rotatores thoracis Rotatores lumborum Interspinales Intertransversarii ORIGIN: Transverse process INSERTION: Spinous Process
Intercostales muscles
These are several groups of muscles that run between the ribs, and help form and move the chest wall. The intercostal muscles are mainly involved in the mechanical aspect of breathing. These muscles help expand and shrink the size of the chest cavity when you breathe. ORIGIN: Ribs 1 thru 11 INSERTION: Ribs 2 thru 12
Internal Intercostals
These muscles aid in forced expiration (quiet expiration is a passive process). ORIGIN: Ribs 2 thru 12 INSERTION: Ribs 1 thru 11
External intercostals
These muscles are responsible for the elevation of the ribs and bending them more open, thus expanding the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Also are responsible for the depression of the ribs and bending them inward, thus decreasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity. ORIGIN: Ribs 1 thru 11 INSERTION: Ribs 2 thru 12
Innermost intercostals
These muscles are the deep layers of the internal intercostal muscles which are separated from them by a neurovascular bundle. Transversus thoracis muscle Intercostal space Subcostalis muscle ORIGIN: Superior border of each rib. INSERTION: Inferior border of the preceding rib.
Other Lateral Rotator Muscles
This group does not include all muscles which aid in lateral rotation of the hip joint: rather it is a collection of ones which are known for primarily performing this action. Other muscles that contribute to lateral rotation of the hip include: Gluteus maximus muscle (lower fibres) Gluteus medius muscle and gluteus minimus muscle when the hip is extended (become medial rotators when hip is flexed) Psoas major muscle Psoas minor muscle Sartorius muscle
Psoas minor
This is a long, slender skeletal muscle which, when present, is located anterior to the psoas major muscle. ORIGIN: From the vertical fascicles inserted on the last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae - Lateral surface bodies of T12 and L1 vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc INSERTION: it passes down onto the medial border of the psoas major, and is inserted to the innominate line and the iliopectineal eminence. Additionally, it attaches to and stretches the deep surface of the iliac fascia and, occasionally, its lowermost fibers reach the inguinal ligament.
Transversus abdominis
This is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral (front and side) abdominal wall which is deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is thought by most fitness instructors to be a significant component of the core. ORIGIN: On the Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, and costal cartilages 7-12 INSERTION: On the Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic crest and pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
Articularis genus
This is a small skeletal muscle located anteriorly on the thigh just above the knee. ORIGIN: Femur To be more precise - It arises from the anterior surface of the lower part of the body of the femur, deep to the vastus intermedius, close to the knee and from the deep fibers of the vastus intermedius INSERTION: Its insertion is on the synovial membrane (Suprapetellar bursa) of the knee-joint
Tarsal Tunnel:
This is found along the inner leg posterior to the medial malleolus. It is made up of bone on the inside and the flexor retinaculum on the outside Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior, OTHER CONTENTS: The tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, veins, and tendons travel in a bundle along this pathway, through the tarsal tunnel, as do: Tibialis posterior tendon Flexor digitorum longus tendon Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus tendon In the tunnel, the nerve splits into three different paths. One nerve (calcaneal) continues to the heel, the other two (medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve) continue on to the bottom of the foot.
Iliocostalis
This is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior).
Subcostalis
This muscle consist of muscular and aponeurotic fasciculi, which are usually well-developed only in the lower part of the thorax; ORIGIN: The inner surface of one rib. INSERTION: The inner surface of the second or third rib below, near its angle
Diaphragm
This muscle is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage. It separates the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs, from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration: as this muscle contracts, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs. ORIGIN: Its peripheral attachments to structures that make up the abdominal and chest walls. The muscle fibres from these attachments converge in a central tendon, which forms the crest of the dome.[3] Its peripheral part consists of muscular fibers that take origin from the circumference of the inferior thoracic aperture and converge to be inserted into a central tendon. INSERTION: At the front, fibres insert into the xiphoid process and along the costal margin. Laterally, muscle fibers insert into ribs 6-12. In the back, muscle fibres insert into the vertebra at T12 and two appendages, the right and left crus, descend and insert into the lumbar vertebrae at L1 & L2.
Serratus posterior superior muscle
This muscle is a thin, quadrilateral muscle, situated at the upper and back part of the thorax, deep to the rhomboid muscles. ORIGIN: It arises by a thin and broad aponeurosis from the lower part of the ligamentum nuchae, from the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper two or three thoracic vertebrae and from the supraspinal ligament. INSERTION: Inclining downward and lateralward it becomes muscular, and is inserted, by four fleshy digitations, into the upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles.
Levatores costarum
This muscle is twelve in number on either side, are small tendinous and fleshy bundles. ORIGIN: arise from the ends of the transverse processes of the seventh cervical and upper eleven thoracic vertebrae T12 vertebrae. INSERTION: Superior surfaces of the ribs immediately inferior to the preceding vertebrae - or better stated - They pass obliquely downward and laterally, like the fibers of the Intercostales externi, and each is inserted into the outer surface of the rib immediately below the vertebra from which it takes origin, between the tubercle and the angle (Levatores costarum breves). Each of the four lower muscles divides into two fasciculi, one of which is inserted as above described; the other passes down to the second rib below its origin (Levatores costarum longi).
Transversus thoracis muscle
This muscle lies internal to the thoracic cage, anteriorly. It is a thin plane of muscular and tendinous fibers, situated upon the inner surface of the front wall of the chest. It is in the same layer as the subcostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles. ORIGIN: Costal cartilages of last 3-4 true ribs, body of sternum and xiphoid process. To be more precise it arises on either side from the lower third of the posterior surface of the body of the sternum, from the posterior surface of the xiphoid process, and from the sternal ends of the costal cartilages of the lower three or four true ribs. INSERTION: Ribs/costal cartilages 2-6 To be more precise, Its fibers diverge upward and lateralward, to be inserted by slips into the lower borders and inner surfaces of the costal cartilages of the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. The lowest fibers of this muscle are horizontal in their direction, and are continuous with those of the transversus abdominis; the intermediate fibers are oblique, while the highest are almost vertical.
LEG SHANK: Muscles of the Anterior Compartment
Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius
LEG SHANK: Muscles of the Posterior Compartment
Triceps Surae, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris,