Muscles of respiration:exhalation

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Transverse thoracic

Located in inner surface of sternum From lower half of inner sternum fibers course superiorly and laterally to insert on the inner surfaces of ribs 2-6

Rectus abdominis

Located in midline Fibers course inferior superior 2 vertical bundles lateral to midline to linea Alba Each bundle is enclosed by an aponeurotic sheath

Transverse abdominis

Located in the Anterolateral abdomen and just deep to the externals Deepest of the abdominal muscles Horizontal course

Suncostals

Located on the inner surface of the posterior aspects of the ribs Only in lower rib cage Same course as the internal intercostals Origin: second or third rib below the insertion and runs up and laterally from origin

Latissimus dorsi

May function to compress posterior aspect of abdomen Which increases abdominal pressure and moves diaphragm up

External oblique abdominis

Most superficial of the abdominal muscles Located in the anterolateral abdomen Attaches from the anterior half of the iliac crest Courses upward and laterally to the exterior surfaces and lower borders of the lower 8 ribs

Serratus posterior inferior

Attaches from spinous process of T11-T12 and L 1-2 Courses upward and laterally to insert into inferior borders of the last 4 ribs

Forced exhalation

Active process depends on abdominal musculature Decreases size volume of thoracic cavity to expel air

Internal oblique abdominis

Anterolateral and deep to the externals Attaches from the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and inguinal ligament Inserts into the lowest 3 or 4 costal cartilages and the abdominal aponeurosis Courses upward and medially

Quaderatus lumborum

Back muscles Located in posterolateral aspect of abdominal wall between 12th rib and iliac crest Attaches from the iliac crest and iliolumborum ligament Fibers course upward and medially to attach to L1-L4 and medial half of 12th rib

Abdominal aponeurosis

Broad tendinous sheet in the ventral abdominal wall that extends from the sternum to pubis

Quiet exhalation

Passive process depends on: Elastic recoil of lungs Return of diaphragm and ribs to rest position Depends on forces of gravity tissur elasticityamd rib untorquing

Compress the abdomen

Respiratory function of the internal oblique abdominis

Depresses the lower 4 ribs

Respiratory function of the serratus posterior inferior

Pull ribs downward and inward compressing the thoracic cavity and expelling air

Respiratory function of transverse thoracic

Internal intercostals

They fill the space between ribs almost to sternum in front and up to rib tubercles in back Courses from lower border of a rib above to the upper border of the rib immediately below Runs down and laterally in front Runs down and medially in back Sparse in upper thorax

Rectus abdominis External oblique abdominis Internal oblique abdominis Transverse abdominis

What are the abdominal muscles of exhalation

Quadratus lumborum Serratus posterior inferior Latissimus dorsi

What are the back muscles of exhalation

Transverse thoracic Subcostals Internal intercostals

What are the thoracic muscles of exhalation

Increases abdominal pressure which elevates the diaphragm

What happens when the abdomen a compressed

Encircles abdomen from lumbar area on one side to lumbar area on the other side Attaches into aponeurosis at midline Antagonist to diaphragm

What is the origin and insertion of the transverse abdominis

Respiratory: compress abdomen

What is the rectus abdominal function

Draws ribs together and helps lower rib cage

What is the respiratory function of internal intercostals

Draw the ribs together with the lower rib fixed and can draw the rib cage down

What is the respiratory function of subcostals

Compress the abdomen

What is the respiratory function of the external oblique abdominis

Pulls lowest rib down or fixed it down Anchors rib cage

What is the respiratory function of the quaderatus lumborum

Compressed the abdomen laterally and anteriorly

What is the respiratory function of the transverse abdominis

From pubic symphysis to xyphoid process and 5th -7th rib cartilages Enclosed in abdominal aponeurosis

Where is the rectus abdominis found and attached to?


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