Muscular system practice test

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How many ATPs are produced from aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?

38

Which of the following is NOT an event that occurs during the lag phase of a muscle twitch?

Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft

Which of the following is also known as the thin myofilament?

Actin

The A band is made up of

Actin and myosin

Which of the following is NOT involved in the process of muscle relaxation?

All of the above occur during relaxation

The ability of muscle to recoil to its resting length after being stretched is

Elasticity

What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Endomysium

What type of connective tissue surrounds individual muscles?

Epimysium

The ability of muscle to respond to a stimulus is

Excitability

The mechanism by which an action potential in the sarcolemma causes a muscle contraction is called

Excitation-contraction coupling

The ability of muscle to contract when stretched beyond its normal resting length is

Extensibility

When is anaerobic respiration used by muscle cells?

For short periods of time of intense exercise

Which of the following is NOT an important voltage-gated ion channel on a muscle or nerve plasma membrane?

Magnesium

Which of the following is also known as the thick myofilament?

Myosin

Which of the following is true of smooth muscle?

Non-striated, spindle-shaped cells

What is released from the myosin head after the power stroke occurs?

Phosphate

What occurs during the process of repolarization?

Potassium gates open out of the cell making the outside more positive

Creatine phosphate is used to

Regenerate ATP from ADP

What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called?

Sarcolemma

The structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is the

Sarcomere

Myofibrils are formed from ____________ that are joined end to end.

Sarcomeres

Which of the following is NOT a source of ATP for muscle contraction?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is NOT part of a neuromuscular junction?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

The binding of acetylcholine to a ligand-gated channel will allow ____ to enter the muscle fiber.

Sodium ions

Extensions of the sarcolemma into the interior of the muscle fiber are called

T tubules

What is the direct cause of the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

The action potential traveling into T tubules

The H zone is where

There is only myosin

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase?

To remove and breakdown acetylcholine from the channel receptor

Which of the following is NOT true of skeletal muscle?

Totally under involuntary control

A gradual increase in muscle tension in a muscle that has been resting is called

Treppe

Which molecule covers the active site on the G actin?

Tropomyosin

Which molecule has a binding site for calcium?

Troponin

For how long does creatine phosphate provide ATP for contraction?

Up to 10 seconds

For how long does anaerobic respiration provide ATP for contraction?

Up to 3 minutes

What ion is necessary for the release of acetylcholine from the synaptic vesicles?

calcium

The constant tension in muscles over a long period of time that allows you to hold up your head is called

muscle tone

A motor unit is a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers its branches innervate.

true

A sarcomere extends from one Z disk to the next Z disk.

true

A threshold stimulus is the minimum stimulus that will produce an action potential.

true

All action potentials are exactly the same.

true

Cardiac muscle cells and some smooth muscle cells are autorhythmic.

true

Cardiac muscle cells are striated and involuntary.

true

During the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the Z disks are moved closer together.

true

Multiple motor unit summation follows the graded response principle of a muscle organ.

true

The arrangement of the myofilaments of the sarcomere create the striated appearance of skeletal muscle.

true

The greater the number of motor units that respond to a stimulus, the greater the tension of the muscle.

true

Voltage changes at one part of a plasma membrane will initiate voltage changes at adjacent parts of the membrane for the action potential to propagate.

true

By what process does acetylcholine move to the postsynaptic membrane?

diffusion

During the sliding filament model of muscle contraction the A band shortens.

false

During the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, the H zone gets larger.

false

Smooth muscles are instrumental in the process of respiration.

false

The all-or-none principle states that all motor neurons to a muscle will produce action potentials or none of them will.

false

Whole muscles respond to stimuli according to the all-or-none principle.

false

What is the main source of ATP production in skeletal muscle for sustained exercise and during rest?

glucose

Tightening your leg muscles while sitting in an airplane would be an example of a(an) ______________ contraction.

isometric

How many ATPs are produced from one glucose during anaerobic respiration?

2

The I band is made up of

A Z disk and actin

Which type of muscle is needed for propelling blood throughout the body?

Cardiac

What is it called when action potentials come so fast that the muscle fiber does not relax between them?

Complete tetanus

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Constriction of organs

Which of the following is a function of smooth muscle?

Constriction of organs and vessels

The ability of muscle to shorten forcefully is

Contractility

Which of the following is NOT a phase of a muscle twitch?

Interphase

What waste product is produced during anaerobic respiration?

Lactic Acid

What type of gated ion channel responds to a molecule binding to a receptor on the ion channel?

Ligand-gated ion channel

Which statement is true of a resting membrane potential?

The plasma membrane is positive on the outside with more sodium ions outside

What kind of gated ion channel responds to small changes in voltages across the plasma membrane?

Voltage-gated ion channel

What occurs during the process of depolarization?

odium gates open into the cell making the inside more positive


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