Muscular Tissue Quiz 3

Power the contraction cycle/ pump Ca++ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A huge amount of ATP is needed for what two things?

Respiratory muscles

A tiny amount of botulinum toxin can cause death by paralyzing the what?

Muscle fiber/ reserves

ATP must be produced by the ____________ after ___________ are used up.

Few seconds

About how long will ATP inside muscle fibers power contraction for?

By converting lactic acid into glycogen/ synthesize creatine phosphate and ATP/ replace oxygen removed by myoglobin

Accumulated oxygen debt after prolonged activity is used to restore muscle cells to resting level in these three ways.

The neuromuscular junction

Action potentials that arise at the interface of the motor neuron and muscle fiber.

Aerobic respiration

Activity that lasts longer than half a minute depends on this.

90/ 10

Aerobic respiration provides more than _________ percent of the needed ATP in activities lasting more than ___________ minutes.

Oxygen/ resting level

After exercise, heavy breathing continues and ____________ consumption remains above the ____________.

Botulinum toxin

Blocks release of ACh from synaptic vesicles.

Strabismus/ cosmetic treatment to relax facial muscles to reduce wrinkles

Botox is used for what two things?

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Breaks down acetylcholine.

Glycolysis

Breaks down glucose into molecules of pyruvic acid and produces two molecules of ATP.

Neurotransmitter

Chemical released by the initial cell communicating with the second cell.

Motor end plate

Contain acetylcholine (ACh) receptors.

Phosphate/ ADP

Creatine phosphate transfers its high energy ___________ group to ____________ regenerating new ATP.

Strabismus

Crossed eyes.

36

Each molecule of glucose yields about how many molecules of ATP in aerobic respiration?

Creatine phosphate

Energy-rich molecule.

Creatine phosphate

Excess ATP is used to synthesize this.

Synaptic cleft

Gap that separates the two cells.

Blood/ glycogen

Glucose is derived from the ___________ and from __________ stored in muscle fibers.

30 to 40

How many seconds can anaerobic respiration provide energy for muscle activity?

15

How many seconds does creatine phosphate and ATP provide energy for contraction?

Oxygen/ lactic acid

If _________ levels are low, anaerobic reactions convert pyruvic acid to ___________ which is carried away by the blood.

Oxygen/ ATP

If sufficient __________ is present, pyruvic acid formed by glycolysis enters anaerobic respiration pathways producing a large amount of __________.

Muscle fatigue

Inability of muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity.

Synaptic vesicles

Sacs suspended within the synaptic end bulb containing molecules of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh).

Anaerobic respiration

Series of ATP producing reaction that do not require oxygen.

Termination of acetylcholine activity

Step in nerve impulses eliciting a muscle contraction: ACh effects last only briefly because it is rapidly broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Activation of acetylcholine receptors

Step in nerve impulses eliciting a muscle contraction: Binding of ACh to the receptor on the motor end plate opens an ion channel and allows flow of Na+ to the inside of the muscle cell.

Release of acetylcholine

Step in nerve impulses eliciting a muscle contraction: Nerve impulse arriving at the synaptic end bulbs causes many synaptic vesicles to release ACh into the synaptic cleft.

Production of muscle action potential

Step in nerve impulses eliciting a muscle contraction: The inflow of Na+ makes the inside of the muscle fiber more positively charged triggering a muscle action potential, and this muscle action potential then propagates to the SR to release its stored Ca++.

Aerobic respiration

Supplies ATP for prolonged activity.

Oxygen debt

The added oxygen that is taken into the body after exercise.

Motor end plate

The region of the muscle cell membrane opposite the synaptic end bulbs.

Control of muscle tension

The tension or force of muscle cell contraction varies.

The neuromuscular junction

Threadlike axon on motor neurons that extends from the brain or spinal cord to a group of muscle fibers.

Release of acetylcholine/ activation of acetylcholine receptors/ production of muscle action potential/ termination of acetylcholine activity

What are the four steps that occur when nerve impulses elicit a muscle action potential?

Inadequate release of calcium ions from the SR/ depletion of creatine phosphate/ insufficient oxygen/ depletion of glycogen and other nutrients/ buildup of lactic acid and ADP/ Failure of motor neuron to release enough acetylcholine

What are the six factors that contribute to muscle fatigue?

From creatine phosphate/ by anaerobic respiration/ by aerobic respiration

What are the three ways in which muscle fibers produce ATP?

Hemoglobin/ myoglobin

What are the two oxygen-binding proteins?

Oxygen from hemoglobin in blood/ oxygen released by myoglobin

What are the two sources of oxygen in mucle tissue?

ATP/ carbon dioxide/ water/ heat

What four things are generated when pyruvic acid entering the mitochondria is completely oxidized?

Botox

What is the medicine that contains botulinum toxin?

Glucose

What is used by anaerobic respiration to generate ATP when the supply of creatine phosphate is depleted?

Botulinum toxin

What may be found in improperly canned foods?

Pyruvic acid/ 2 molecules of ATP

What two things does glucose break down into?

Synapse

Where communication occurs between a somatic motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Muscle fibers

Where does the production of ATP occur in regards to powering muscle contraction?