musculoskeletal, breast Pathology

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A PILONIDAL CYST

Edema, warmth, and pain in the area of the cyst Bloody drainage from the cyst may be present

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL LIPOMA

Most likely an isoechoic mass as compared to the surrounding tissues Typically have an oval shape

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF METASTATIC MELANOMA

Solid, vascular hypoechoic mass

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF GYNECOMASTIA

Tender, palpable retroareolar breast mass that is firm to touch

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A BAKER CYST

Anechoic mass with posterior enhancement Complicated Baker cysts may contain echogenic fluid, debris, or septations

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF HIP JOINT EFFUSION

Anechoic or hypoechoic fluid that elevates the anterior capsule of the joint Width of the abnormal hip joint capsule typically exceeds 5 mm

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMAL CYST

Anechoic, hypoechoic, complex, or hyperechoic cyst or mass Pseudotestis appearance

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A BAKER CYST

Asymptomatic Focal tenderness in the popliteal fossa

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL LIPOMA

Asymptomatic Obvious mass under the skin Compressible

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL HEMANGIOMA

Asymptomatic Red or reddish-purple, raised mass on the skin

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE

Audible snap may be heard Posterior ankle and leg pain Positive Thompson test

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A PILONIDAL CYST

Complex, subcutaneous mass Hyperemia around the mass Hypoechoic tract may be seen extending from the cyst to the skin surface

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF TENDONITIS

Diffuse: enlarged, hypoechoic tendon Focal: localized, enlarged hypoechoic area within the tendon Fluid may be noted Hyperemic flow may be noted

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE INFANT HIP

Femoral head located completely outside the acetabulum (complete dislocation) Partially coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum (subluxation) Evidence of a shallow acetabulum (<50% coverage of femoral head) Small alpha angle (Graf technique) Large beta angle (Graf technique)

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE INFANT HIP

History of breech birth Family history of DDH Asymmetric skinfolds on the legs Leg length discrepancy Limited limb abduction Positive Barlow or Ortolani test

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL HEMANGIOMA

Hypoechoic Blood flow may be detectable with color Doppler

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF GYNECOMASTIA

Hypoechoic mass posterior to the areola May have a triangular shape

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF CELLULITIS

Hypoechoic, edematous strands within the soft tissue (cobblestone appearance)

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL ABSCESS

Hypoechoic, edematous strands within the soft tissue (cobblestone appearance) Focal fluid collection that is often complex, denoting the abscess A peripheral rim of hyperemia may be detectable with color Doppler

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF MASTITIS

Ill-defined areas of echogenicity Diffuse edema Hypoechoic fluid within the subcutaneous tissue that outlines the fat lobules Breast skin thickening greater than 2 mm Enlarged lymph nodes may be present

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF HIP JOINT EFFUSION

Leg and knee pain Reluctance to walk Irritability Low-grade fever Mild leukocytosis

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A GANGLION CYST

Noncompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement May contain debris or septations

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A TENDON RUPTURE

Pain Edema Audible snap may be heard

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF TENDONITIS

Pain Painful region may be swollen Painful region may be warm to touch

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF MASTITIS

Pain Swelling Warmth and redness in the area Fever Leukocytosis

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A GANGLION CYST

Palpable mass most often located along the dorsal aspect of the hand or wrist Can be painful

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A GALACTOCELE

Palpable, periareolar mass Possible pain

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A BREAST ABSCESS

Palpable, tender lump Complex, focal mass that contains debris

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF A TENDON RUPTURE

Partial tears: appear as focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon Complete tears: seen as an anechoic or heterogeneous area within the tendon, often indicative of a hematoma; may also be sonographically identified as refractive shadowing in the area of the separated tendon, with fat, a hematoma, or granulomatous material filling in the gap created by the tear

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE

Partial tears: appear as focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon Complete tears: seen as an anechoic or heterogeneous area within the tendon, often indicative of a hematoma; may also be sonographically identified as refractive shadowing in the area of the separated tendon, with fat, a hematoma, or granulomatous material filling in the gap created by the tear

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF CELLULITIS

Red, tender, warm area of the skin Possible elevated white blood cell count (especially with abscess development)

SONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS OF GALACTOCELE

Round, complex mass May contain a fluid-fluid level

CLINICAL FINDINGS OF A SUPERFICIAL EPIDERMAL CYST

Visible, palpable mass just under the skin Pain and redness in the area