Music 237 Midterm (Cuesta Johnson)

Sheet Music Sales, Mechanical Fees, Pubic Performance Fees

A certain percentage of what a publisher made from the sale of music was paid to the songwriter. , This was a small amount of money for each copy of a piano roll or recording of a song that was sold. , This was some amount of money paid to songwriters for performances of their song

Which of the following is a feature of Memphis soul recordings?

A fairly consistent instrumental sound backing the singers

Who was Chuck Berry?

A guitarist and singer whose style was rooted in blues and rhythm and blues, but whose music was unquestionably rock and roll

Call Response, Field Holler

A leader sings out a phrase and the group then sings a copy version to that phrase. , An individual worker sings laments about the tasks required of him or her

Rhythm and blues was a type of rhythmic dance music in which every second and fourth beat of each four-beat bar was _____

Accented

Which of the following grew out of what was essentially an oral tradition—songs passed from one performer to another by rote?

American Folk Music

Who among the following soul singers won the title "Lady Soul"?

Aretha Franklin

In addition to being a successful songwriter and performer, Mitchell was a(n) _____

Artist

Which of the following is true of the developments associated with musical interest in New Orleans during the late nineteenth century

Bands vied with each other for audience acclaim at Sunday parades.

In addition to using the British instrumentation, American folk groups borrowed instruments such as the _____ from country traditions.

Banjo

As a performer, Willie Dixon played _____ on many Chess recordings.

Bass

The Memphis Group's emphasis on the _____ was influential on music to follow, including reggae.

Bass

African American musicians trained in country blues, who moved from the rural South to large northern cities post World War I, developed the urban blues style. Which of the following instruments were included by these musicians in the rhythm section of most urban blues?

Bass Drums Guitar

The Doors' favorite song themes were influenced by _____

Beat poetry

Which of the following is a spirited and rhythmic piano style developed by African Americans in the South during the twenties and copied by many white performers?

Boogie Woogie

Like traditional bluegrass country groups, folk singers avoided using _____, even after they were common in other kinds of music

Electric Instruments

True or false: Aretha Franklin sang her early secular songs with a less restrained approach than she had used for gospel music.

False

True or false: As the popularity of the rockabilly style was dying with the rise of teen idol pop stars in the late fifties, Eddie Cochran tried to incorporate more standard accompaniment and falsetto vocals into his last hit, "Three Steps to Heaven.

False

True or false: Rather than making their songs part of a musical whole, the Beatles simply grouped their songs with lyrical relationships in their album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)

False

True or false: The biggest difference between Tin Pan Alley music and rock music was that rock music was usually sold as sheet music for consumers to play themselves whereas Tin Pan Alley music was sold as records.

False

Bob Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man" was folk-styled music when he sang it, but it became _____ when recorded by the Byrds.

Folk Rock

The combination of folk and rock styles heard in Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues" and the Byrds' recording of "Mr. Tambourine Man" was the beginning of an entirely new genre of rock music known as _____.

Folk Rock

The Beatles secured a contract with EMI, where they were assigned to the Parlophone subsidiary and producer _____

George Martin

As manager of the Who, which of the following changes were introduced by Pete Meaden?

Getting the group's members to cut their hair Renaming the group the High Numbers Making the group's members dress themselves in trendy suits

The trios or quartets of female singers who became popular with teens during the early sixties were known as "_____."

Girl Groups

_____ benefited from payola by being able to pay for a record's airplay in one town and then make a profit from sales of the record.

Independent Record companies

The Beatles album The Beatles (1968, often called the "White Album" because of its unadorned white cover), exemplified the _____ of the group members.

Individuality

What was significant about Bob Dylan's album Bringing It All Back Home?

It introduced Dylan's new rock-based sound, along with folk-styled material.

Front Line , Rhythm Section

One trumpet (or cornet), one clarinet, and one trombone , Banjo, guitar, or piano, or some combination of them; string bass or tuba; and drums

Motown arrangements often featured _____, infectious rhythms played to continuously repeating bass lines.

Ostinatos

What did pop and rock musicians of the fifties use to enhance music already recorded?

Overdubbing

Indian Sitar, Dulcimer, Miramba

Paint it Black, Lady Jane, Under My Thumb

Which of the following is the most common lead instrument in surf rock?

The Electric guitar

Which of the following nonstandard instruments was used by the band the Rolling Stones in their album Aftermath (1966)

The Harpsicord

Which of the following groups from London had Mod followings during the midsixties?

The Kinks The Small Faces The Who

Identify a feature of swing bands.

The bands played music from written arrangements.

Which of the following are features of country music?

The beat is steady, and all musicians play exactly on that beat. The steel guitar is played with a bar and pedals that can bend entire chords.

Which of the following political and social issues of the middle to late sixties brought attention to many of the criticisms of American culture that had earlier been expressed by Beat writers? (

The civil rights movement The Vietnam War

What made the British musical groups that came to America in 1964 sound different from American rock groups of the early sixties?

The fact that the British groups played their own instruments

What made Little Richard's style stand out from that of other jump blues musicians?

The fast tempos and high energy level of his piano playing

Which of the following instruments were used by British settlers in their music?

The guitar The harmonica The plucked and strummed dulcimers The piano

What helped New York music publishers gain control of the popular music publishing industry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The increasing popularity of vaudeville shows and the tremendous amount of music they required

Which of the following is a feature of spirituals?

The original spirituals were passed by memory from singer to singer

What made Bill Haley drop his country image and change his group's name to the Comets?

The popularity of the beat and vitality of the blues among white teens

Which of the following did western swing bands take from jazz?

The saxophone Improvisational practices Syncopated rhythms

Which of the following were used as the standard accompaniment for Elvis Presley's recordings at Sun Records?

The string bass An acoustic rhythm guitar Subdued drums An electric lead guitar

Which of the following added an exotic touch to Jefferson Airplane's "White Rabbit"?

The use of bolero-influenced rhythm patterns The use of the Phrygian mode

older acoustic guitars with electric ones

blues songwriter

The Kinks developed their own distinctive sound by slitting their amplifier speaker to get the distorted ________________ for their powerful hit "You Really Got Me" (1964). Listen to the complete question

fuzztone

Bob Dylan attracted the attention of producer John Hammond Sr. who _____.

gave him a recording contract

Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel became famous for their _____ music.

folk rock

Jerry Lee Lewis played his honky-tonk piano rock with a tremendous amount of energy, throwing his right hand all over the keyboard with _____ (sliding runs) while his left hand smashed at the keys to maintain a rhythmically pumping bass line.

glissandos

Folk music and performance traditions varied from one part of the United States to another because the music was based on _____

songs and dances people of different cultures brought with them from their homelands

Phil Spector considered his records to be _____.

symphonies for teens

Ragtime was named for the "ragged" or _____ played by the pianist's right hand, or the main melody played by the banjo or the band.

syncopated rhythms

The Beatles album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) used _____ techniques on "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!," for which George Martin cut up a tape recording of a steam calliope and spliced the pieces of tape together for a background that sounded like what might be heard at a circus

musique concrète

Jefferson Airplane made general statements about the hippie culture through songs like "Crown of Creation" (1968), which stressed the _____

need for loyalty among the counterculture members

In the early twentieth century, Chicago musicians urbanized their styles by joining into groups and by replacing the _____

older acoustic guitars with electric ones

Eddie Cochran's recordings "Summertime Blues" and "C'mon Everybody" were successes as a result of his experiments with ____

overdubbing

Elvis Presley's recordings at Sun Records introduced _____ to American teenager

rockabilly

African American musicians trained in country blues, who moved from the rural South to large northern cities post World War I, developed the urban blues style. The solo instruments in most urban blues played by these musicians included the ____

saxophone or other wind instruments

It was common for garage bands to have one lucky hit but be unable to follow it with anything that equaled its success because ____

so many garage band musicians were untrained in music and inexperienced as writers

The popularity of _____ was one element that contributed to the spread of jazz.

social dancing

During very hard group work, such as chopping wood to clear a field or digging dirt for planting a crop, slaves would often fall into the old African tradition of singing in a _____ style.

Call and Response style

Who gave James Taylor the song "You've Got a Friend" to record in 1971?

Carole King

The blues style that developed in Chicago combined swing jazz and boogie-woogie piano influences with the passion of the delta blues. This style was called

Chicago Blues

Somebody To Love/ White Rabbit

Choice, It served as a suitable theme song for 1967's summer of love in San Francisco. It served as a suitable theme song for 1967's summer of love in San Francisco. , Choice, It made reference to a world that changed after Alice, from Lewis Carroll's story Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking Glass (1871), took pills and ate mushrooms. It made reference to a world that changed after Alice, from Lewis Carroll's story Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking Glass (1871), took pills and ate mushrooms.

The Publisher, Company that made the Recording, Songwriter organization

Choice, Pays the songwriter for the sale of sheet music Pays the songwriter for the sale of sheet music, Pays the writer the mechanical fees, Collects fees for performances

Soul styles produced in southern cities such as Memphis or Muscle Shoals , Soul styles produced in northern cities such as Chicago, Philadelphia, and Detroit

Choice, Tended to include gritty and gutsy vocals and instrumental playing that had much energetic intensity Tended to include gritty and gutsy vocals and instrumental playing that had much energetic intensity , Tended to stress pop- and jazz-influenced, studio-produced sophistication

Art Music/ Folk Music

Choice, The composer plans and notates every interpretative nuance The composer plans and notates every interpretative nuance , The melodies, lyrics, and rhythms are often changed as each new performer adapts a song to his or her personality and performance style

Folk singers of the 60s / Folk singers of the late 60s and beyond

Choice, They sang about topical and political matters. They sang about topical and political matters. , Choice, They turned inward to communicate very personal experiences and feelings about their own lives and relationships through their songs. They turned inward to communicate very personal experiences and feelings about their own lives and relationships through their songs.

Some of the dramatic emotional appeal shared by all soul styles was directly related to the _____

Civil Rights Movement

Psalm/ Hymn , Spiritual

Commonly used for songs by white composers, Associated with songs by African American composers

Who was given the title the King of Surf Guitar for originating an impressive guitar style copied by many surf instrumental groups of the early sixties?

Dick Dale

The term _____ came to be used to identify the vocal group sound, as the groups usually had a lead singer who was accompanied by other singers singing nonsense syllables or repeating a few words from the lead singer's line

Doo Wop

The regular use of the same basic chord progression at about the same rhythmic rate in most doo-wop songs is called

Doo Wop Progression

Which of the following are features of Ray Charles Robinson's music?

Gospel elements were incorporated into his rhythm and blues style

Carl Perkins had been playing the _____ and singing at country dances when he first heard Presley's recordings on a local radio program

Guitar

James Taylor became friends with other important singer/songwriters such as Carole King, Joni Mitchell, and Carly Simon. He sometimes played _____ on their albums and the others would play piano or sing backup on his albums.

Guitar

The Mersey sound depended heavily on _____

Guitars

What changes were made by producer Tom Wilson to Simon and Garfunkel's album cut "The Sounds of Silence"?

He overdubbed electric guitars, bass, and drums. He released the album cut as a single.

Which of the following is true of Jerry Lee Lewis?

He was a rockabilly artist who played honky-tonk piano rock.

Which of the following is true about Bob Dylan?

He was a young follower of Woody Guthrie.

What was the earliest form of country music called?

Hillbilly

White gospel music followed many of the same traditions as _____

Hillbilly music

What set Ray Charles apart from other soul artists?

His ability to synthesize country, rhythm and blues, and jazz styles with gospel music

Which of the following is true about James Taylor?

His first big hit on the pop charts was "Fire and Rain" from the Sweet Baby James album.

A(n) - was a bar or saloon, often found outside the limits of "dry" towns.

Honky Tonk

By 1968 Janis Joplin left Big Brother and the Holding Company to form the Kozmic Blues Band, which included organ, bass, and drums, plus the jazz-band sound of a ________________ (brass instruments and saxophones).

Horn Section

Which of the following is a feature of hymns performed at white churches?

Hymns were of steady beats with even beat subdivisions and accents on the first and third beat of each four-beat pattern

Which of the following is a feature of rhythm and blues?

It originated in the African American ghettos of large cities.

Identify a true statement about the first hit song, "Please, Please, Please" (1956), recorded by James Brown and the Famous Flames.

It used the triplet pattern in the piano.

What was rhythm and blues symbolic of during the fifties and the sixties?

It was a dance music that expressed the enjoyment of life.

Which of the following is true of payola?

It was primarily thought of as payments to encourage programmers to give more radio or television airtime to particular songs.

How was the sound of the Everly Brothers different from the pure rockabilly sound recorded at Sun Records?

It was smooth and full and lacked the slapping bass.

Identify the ways in which surf rock is different from other types of pop music of New York and Philadelphia.

Its vocals were not based on the old crooner vocal tradition. Surf bands played their own instruments.

Women were generally the most important of the early classic blues singers, and the rock singer whose interest in the blues was most clearly stimulated by women's blues recordings was _____

Janis Joplin

The Who came to rock music from a background in early ____

Jazz styles

Arrange the events that led to the formation of the Beatles in the correct order of occurrence.

John Lennon formed Skiffle group called the Quarry Men, Paul McCartney and John Lennon worked occasionally as a duo called the Nerk Twins , George Harrison joined Jonny and The Moondogs, Stu Sutcliffe owned a bass guitar and joined Jonny and the Moondogs, Drummer tommy more was enlisted in the Silver Beatles

Recordings became so important in rock music that many performers would_______________ to the recordings of their songs on television rather than try to perform them live.

Lip Sync

To young people who had never read the Beat writers, it seemed that concepts of love, freedom, and individual worth did not hold the importance they should, and that their parents and society in general had become ____

Materialistic

A(n) is a highly stylized vocal device used by gospel singers as an embellishment that involved sliding around notes both above and below the melody note, thereby dramatically delaying that note, and then finally resolving to it.

Melisma

The youth subculture known as the __________had short hair, wore trendy suits, and rode motor scooters

Mods

Which of the following is true of the British blues covers of the fifties and sixties?

Most covers were not sanitized and countrified versions of the blues originals.

Which of the following is a feature of garage bands?

Most of the bands were made up of young people with underdeveloped musical skills.

Which of the following statements point to the difference in the instrumental combination used by rockabilly groups and Mersey groups?

Most rockabilly groups use an acoustic (string) bass. Most Mersey groups use an electric bass guitar instead of the large acoustic instrument.

The _____ sound was very popular with Mods, so Pete Meaden had the Who increase that part of their repertoire and eliminate the old Dixieland styles.

Motown

Joni Mitchell learned to play the piano, which was helpful to her as a songwriter, but usually accompanied herself with a(n) _____

Mountain Dulcimer

Which of the following characterizes the vocals of the song "Please, Please, Please" (1956), recorded by James Brown and the Famous Flames?

Pleading and emotional vocals

Which of the following was primarily, although not exclusively, an African American style and might have been first performed on the banjo in the mid-nineteenth century?

Ragtime

Which Beatles album portrays George Harrison's increasing interest in Indian culture and music, which led him to learn to play the sitar?

Rubber Soul 1965

When some folk singers turn inward to communicate very personal experiences and feelings about their own lives and relationships through their songs, they are referred to as _____

Singer/Songwriters

Little Richard's use of _______________ , in the instrumental parts of "Long Tall Sally" gave the melody a rhythmic punch that has often been used in the blues, rhythm and blues, and blues-based rock music.

Stop time

________________bands played jazz-related music, and individual musicians were allowed to improvise solos in a jazz style, but the bands themselves were bigger than earlier jazz bands, and improvisation time was limited.

Swing

John Lennon experimented with_______________ on "Revolution 9" of the album The Beatles (

Tape Loops

After graduation, Paul Simon attempted to establish himself as a _____ under the pseudonym Jerry Landis

Teen idol

Male singers of the 1960s who sang in a style reminiscent of the ballad crooners of the twenties through the forties, whose stars included Perry Como and Bing Crosby, were known as "_____."

Teen idols

Which of the following is true of the Everly Brothers' voices?

Their voices slid gradually up to high notes, capturing the sound of someone almost on the verge of tears.

Which of the following is true of the Workingman's Dead and American Beauty albums of the Grateful Dead?

They demonstrated the country music background of some of the group members.

Which of the following statements highlights the Rolling Stones' playing style?

They played an expressive, like-it-or-go-to-hell brand of rhythm and blues.

Which of the following was true of young hippies who adopted an existential philosophy?

They refused to fight in Vietnam

Which of the following is true of the British musical groups that came to America in 1964?

They started their own careers by playing music that had originated in the United States.

Which of the following is true of hippies or flower children?

They stood for peace, free love, and nonmaterialism

What was the role of the fiddle and the recorder in folk music?

They supplied lead fills.

What was the role of women in popular music of the early sixties?

They tended to be singers

Which of the following is true of Motown recordings?

They were aimed at mostly white audiences.

How did Ray Manzarek and Jim Morrison of the Doors try to bring new awareness to their fans?

Through their dramatic stage performances

_____ was the section of New York's West Twenty-Eighth Street between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in which many music publishers had offices during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Tin Pan Alley

What was the purpose of programs like The Ed Sullivan Show, Shindig, and Hullabaloo in the pre-video and pre-MTV days of the 1960s?

To bring live rock and roll performances into American homes to eager teenage fans

Teenage banjo player Pete Townshend and trumpeter John Entwistle formed ________________ band called the Scorpions in 1959.

Trad Jazz

Identify the genres played by Chris Barber's band, formed in 1954, at clubs in London

Trad jazz Skiffle Country blues

In Dick Dale's version of the Greek melody "Misirlou" (1961), Dale developed a technique based on the playing, _____________ which refers to fast repetitions of a note, used in Middle Eastern plucked-string instruments.

Tremolo

True or false: Although they started out playing rhythm and blues, most of the Rolling Stones' more popular early recordings were covers of songs by other rock artists.

True

True or false: In urban blues, the guitar was used primarily to strum rhythms until the invention of the electric guitar because it was not loud enough to be used as a solo instrument.

True

The bass in country music often plays the root of the chord on beat one and the fifth of the chord on beat three in a four-beat pattern, creating a regular alternation between those notes called _____

Two beats bass

Phil Spector's productions had such a distinctive effect that his style became known as the

Wall of Sound

During the thirties and forties, a style called , which had its origins from the music played by fiddle-and-guitar barn dance bands, became popular in Texas.

Western Swing

Jerry Garcia, founder of the Grateful Dead, was a guitarist and _____ who earlier had led a group called Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions.

bluegrass banjo player

The Grateful Dead and other San Francisco bands played at __________parties where LSD was available very inexpensively.

acid tests

Throughout the sixties, James Brown used his tremendous appeal to African Americans to _____ with positive statements of "black pride" alongside admonishments against violence.

cool racial tensions

During the middle to late sixties, a wish to return to basic human values during led to the development of a new culture, or

counter culture

Honky-tonk song themes often stressed ____

depression over a lost job or an untrue lover

Western swing was one of the few hillbilly styles that used _____

drums

In the context of the formation of the Beatles, the band's name was changed from the Silver Beatles to simply the Beatles partly to ____

echo the insect name of Buddy Holly's Crickets

The philosophy of _____, developed originally by Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) and further expanded by Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), influenced the alienation from society embraced by the Beats and the hippie counterculture.

existentialism

Which of the following is true of Chuck Berry's guitar solos?

he would take a short riff and, with each repetition, dig into notes more and more to increase the intensity of the sound.

Buddy Holly's vocal style was characterized by his trademark _____

hiccup on certain turns of phrase

The Walking Dead's double album Live Dead (1970) contained several of the _____ for which the group had become famous.

long improvisations

Musicians tried to re-create the effects of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) through _____

long instrumental improvisations on one or two repeating chords

After years of vacillating between rock and religion, Little Richard returned to rock recording in 1986 with a new style he called "_____."

message music

For most of the Doors' songs, Jim Morrison wrote _____ that Robby Krieger set to music

poetry

The name _____ referred to the music favored by San Francisco's hippies.

psychedelic rock

he Byrds' music moved further from folk music toward _____ with their recording of "Eight Miles High"

psychedelic rock

Rhythm and blues was called _____ until the end of the forties.

race music

The blues might not have had as great an impact on the development of rock music of the fifties and sixties had it not been for the tremendous popularity of a related style,

rhythm and blues

True or false: In the context of the Grateful Dead's recordings, long instrumental improvisations like "Dark Star" were not commercial because they had little appeal for the rock listeners who wanted short, catchy songs they could sing along with.

true

A musical characteristic found in a large percentage of doo-wop is the constant pounding of repeated chords at the rate of three chords per beat with the bass line and the melody following that triplet pattern through their use of _____

uneven beat subdivisions

Songs sung during slave work are called _____.

work blues