Music Appreciation 121 Week 1 terms

ritornello

"little return" ; a recurring passage in Baroque music

Heterophony

1 melody voices can be in different rhytmes temp and can have different pitches

Monophony

1 voice or instument no accompiantment

What years are designated as the Baroque era?

1600-1750

Which set of composers are ALL from the Baroque era? a. Vivaldi, Handel, Bach b. Vivaldi, Handel, Schumann c. Handel, Bach, Gaga d. Vivaldi, Handel, Mozart

A

trio sonata

A form of music for keyboard, 2 violins, and a cello

madrigal

A secular song for 2 or 3 unaccompanied voices (renaissance)

terraced dynamic

Abrupt alternation between loud and soft dynamic levels; characteristic of baroque music

Da Capo Aria

An aria in ABA form, which results from the opening A section sung da capo at the end; begins and ends with a ritonello

basso continuo

An underlying bass line and harmonies played throughout a piece

Of the following, which contain sacred and secular forms of music from this time? a. Sonata, Symphony, Gregorian Chant, Lieder b. Gregorian Chant, Chanson, Mass, Organum, Madrigal, Round c. Concerto, Suite, Organum, Madrigal d. Variations, Rondo, Mass, Frottola

B

Opera was birthed with two major characteristics. What are they? a. Aria and chorale b. Aria and recitative c. Recitative and brevita d. Drama and declamare

B

What forms were used in the Baroque era? List at least five.

Basso continuo, concerto, homphony, da capo aria, ritonello,

The tonal system in the Middle Ages and Renaissance went from being based on modes and using just intonation to what system? a. The Romantic-era system of chromaticism b. The Classical-era system of easy conformality c. The Baroque-era system of equal temperament, or major/minor tonality d. The modern system of atonality

C

What cathedral and what 2 composers working there are associated with major progress toward many-voiced music? a. Chartres - Leonin/Perotin b. Bordeaux - Hildegard/Bernart de Ventadorn c. Notre Dame - Leonin/Perotin d. Orleans - Adam de la Halle/Philippe de Vitry

C

Developments in music during the Baroque era include what? a. Opera, the suite, and fugue b. Ornamentation of the melodic line, regularity of rhythm c. Increasing use of dissonance, use of chromaticism, and regular use of bar lines d. All of the above

D

How were instruments used in vocal music from the Renaissance and earlier? a. They filled in for missing human voices. b. They played vocal music when there were no human voices. c. They played when all human voices were present. d. All of the above.

D

What are the Church modes?

Dorian Lydian Mixolydian Phrygian

Isorhythm

Equal rhythm A rhythmic patterns that repeats independently of its pitches

major tonality

Happy music

Instruments for a trio sonata

Harpsichord, violin

How did music move from one-line monophony to many-voiced polyphony?

IT started with just adding a drone; in church it started with organum; by simply having some of the singers sing different tones

toccata

Keyboard piece, free in form, that displays dexterity (Baroque)

Sections of a Mass

Kyrie: Gloria: Credo: Sanctus: Angus Dei:

Chamber Music

More intimate setting Music for the private sphere, rather than the public sphere

Tropes

Motets are an example of ___________ New words to old music New music to new words

Ars Nova

New Art Characterised by greater rhythmic variety melodies that were longer and more shapely and increasing independence of individual lines of music

Offices

On days of worship, had 8 primary services

rhythm

Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

fugue

Polyphonic composition based on one main theme, or subject.

Two voices in Organum

Principal voice and original voice

Who is given credit for inventing the octave?

Pythagoras

Mass for the dead

Requiem Mass

minor tonality

Sounds sad and depressing

doctrine of affections

The Baroque practice of attempting to project states of feeling and ideas in music

Plato

Thought music was dangerous Music can't be stopped

Countess of Dia

Troubadour songs about love

Who were major composers of the Baroque era?

Vivaldi, Handel, Bach

What invals of a goranum were good? what about bad?

Voices can never be in 2nds, 4ths or tritones Good =Can only have 3rds, 6ths, 5ths and octaves

opera

a dramatic work in one or more acts, set to music for singers and instrumentalists

oratorio

a musical composition for voices and orchestra based on a religious text

melody

a recognizable line of music that includes different notes, or pitches, and rhythms in an organized way.

motet

a short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic and unaccompanied

figured bass define and example

a system of numerals used as shorthand to signify chords above a bass line ex dido lament

Music Notation

allows different people to reproduce musical sounds and musical works written by others.

concerto grosso

an early concerto for a small group of soloists contrasting with the whole orchestra.

silence

an extended period of time without sound

Trio Sonata

an instrumental musical composition typically of three or four movements in contrasting forms and keys

Genres

broad categories used to classify music.

sonata de camera

chamber sonata Sonata played at court

timbre or tone quality

describes the quality of a musical sound.

recitative

dialogue between characters that is sung

cadenza

elaborate solo

tutti

everyone plays

baroque

extravagantly ornate; flamboyant; characterized by bold ornamentation.

Musical texture

is the way that melody, harmony, and rhythm work together.

Two main developments during the Renaissance

madrigal and secular song.

baroque suite

movements are contrasting dances Group of short dances

Polyphony

multiple meodies at once can be initative thick texture music can observe text sometimes have to hear meodic lines

instrumental concerto

no vocals

Secular Music

not written down

Monody

one melodic line, with no harmony or counterpoint.

Homophony

one melody with harmonic support

aria

operatic solo; a song sung by one person in an opera or oratorio

Music

sound organized in a meaningful way, and may include a melody, harmony, rhythm, and form.

cantata

story set to music to be sung by a chorus (shorter than an oratorio)

Plainchant

text dung, not spoken monophonic

What forms developed that set the stage for the birth of opera, oratorio, and independent musical forms of the Baroque period?

the Italian madrigal.: also the iteanian villancico, and the frottola in other countries

What societal developments influenced the composing and writing down of music?

the abilty to print music help spread the knowledge' the Pope Gerigor's collection of chant allowed a variety of pices to be shown makign a libirary for the respective cmposer

Styles

the certain way something is played

Musical expression

the communicative power in music

ripieno

the orchestra

form

the organization and structure of a musical selection.

Imitative

the repetition of a melody in a polyphonic texture shortly after its first appearance in a different voice

Organum

the singing of chant with another voice singing exactly the same chant only at differing intervals (an interval being the difference in pitch between two notes).

tempo

the speed of the music.

harmony

the vertical relationship between pitches and is created when two or more notes are sounded at the same time.

Dynamics

to the changing volume levels of musical sounds.

Imitative counterpoint

when two voices repeat a specific melodic element