MWH Matching- French Revolution & Napoleon

1st estate

- Clergy and about 1% of the population. - They were exempt from taxes

3rd estate

- Commoners and made up 98% of the population - consisted of bourgeoisie, laborers and artisans, and peasants.

Louis XVI

- French king who inherited many problems and summoned the Estates-General - Granted demands for equal representation and yielding power to the National Assembly for a while(constitutional monarchy) - Attempted to flee country, was captured and guillotined along with his wife.

2nd estate

- Nobility and about 1% of population - Paid no taxes, held highest offices in government

Reign of Terror

- Robespierre ruled as a dictator and instilled fear in French citizens to keep them true to the ideals of the Revolution - executed many nobles and regular commoner who might be opposed to the revolution in any way

Waterloo

- The battle in which Napoleon met his final defeat, - Where the British army and the Prussian army forces attacked the french. - Napoleon's final defeat against the British and Prussians.

Storming of the Bastille

- a fort prison in Paris, which signified injustice. Caused by food shortages, rising food prices, and rumors that the king was sending an army into Paris. - The mob that stormed the prison looking for weapons. It was a very bloody battle. The commanders' heads were cut off and marched around Paris.

Cult of the Supreme Being

- a religion based on deism devised by Robespierre - intended to become the state religion after the French Revolution

Robespierre

- a shrewd lawyer and politician who quickly rose to the leadership of the Committee of Public Safety - revolutionary leader who tried to wipe out every trace of France's past monarchy and nobility - responsible for the Reign of Terror

Estates-General

- an assembly of representatives from all three estates, - summoned in 1789 to remedy the financial crisis - led to national convention

Committee of Public Safety

- created by the national convention - Established and led by Robespierre, - fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. - Instigated the Reign of Terror.

Consulate

- government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the entire government - type of republic with one person (consul) in charge who had complete executive power

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

- issued by the National Assembly that broke ties with the Catholic Church - established a national church system in France with a process for the election of regional bishops. - angered the pope and church officials and turned many French Catholics against the revolutionaries

Bourgeoisie

- middle-class - they were the merchants/artisans and were well-educated and often wealthy

Directory

Following the National Convention, a group of 5 men who were given control of France following the Reign of Terror