N311 Exam Final Review of Questions
Please select the correct group of key clinical manifestations/complications of rhabdomyolysis:
Correct answer: Hypovalemia, hyperkalemia, acute kidney injury
A pt with renal failure is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct answer: Metabolic acidosis
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for erythromycin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct answer: Monitor for ringing in your ears
A pt is receiving repeated doses of an antibiotic to treat an infection. The half-life of the antibiotic is 4 hours. How long it take for the medication to reach plateau?
Correct answers: 16 hours
Mrs. Holmes has received a new prescription for lisinopril (ACE Inhibitor). Which of the following symptoms reported by the pt would indicate a possible adverse reaction to the medication?
Correct answer: Swelling of the lips and tongue
Sr. Garcia was involved in a car accident and has multiple broken ribs on his right side. The nurse recognized that Sr. Garcia is at risk for which one of the following imbalances?
Correct answer: respiratory acidosis
Ms. Gunderson reports having pain while working in the garden this afternoon. The pain resolved after sitting down and resting for 15 minutes. What type of angina is this?
Correct answer: stable angina
Which of the following best describes the movement of air in and out of the lungs?
Correct answer: ventilation
The nurse is educating a pt with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes. Which statement by the pt indicates understanding of the education?
Correct answer: "If i am sick and unable to eat, it is likely that I will still take my glargine (Lantus) on a daily basis"
A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin (cardiac glycoside) daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct answer: Check the client's vita signs
A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome and is receiving high-dose corticosteroid therapy. For which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor?
Correct answer: Hypokalemia
A pt that is taking prednisone is at risk for which one of the following electrolyte imbalances?
Correct answer: Hypokalemia
Your client is taking a daily dose of aspirin for heart attack and stroke prevention. What part of the inflammatory response is being reduced by this medication?
Correct Answer: Platelet aggregation
A pt presents with newly diagnosed osteoarthritis. Which statement by the pt indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct answer: "I will stop exercising to let my joints rest"
The nurse is administering the clients scheduled morning doses of lispro (humalog) before breakfast. The medication is injected at 0730. A CT technician then enters and requests the pt be readied for a CT exam that will last one hour. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Correct answer: "They need to eat breakfast now, as I've just administered Humalog"
A pt is newly diagnosed with primary hypertension. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to include in the pt education?
Correct answer: "Your blood pressure will continue to increase if you do not treat this condition"
Which of the following IV fluids would be most appropriate for a patient that has orthostatic (postural) hypotension an a serum sodium level of 146 mEq/L (range: 135-145 mEq/L)?
Correct answer: 0.9% saline
A sequela is?
Correct answer: A condition or illness that occurs as a result of a previous injury or illness
A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes insipidus and is receiving vasopressin. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an indication that the medication is effective?
Correct answer: A decrease in urine output
A nurse is caring for a pt with hypertension and is reviewing the pts medication regimen. The pt is current taking an antihypertensive medication. Which of the following drug properties is considered ideal for managing hypertension?
Correct answer: A medication that has minimal side effects
A nurse is caring for a pt who has been prescribed a medication with narrow therapeutic index. The pt asks the nurse to explain what a narrow therapeutic index means. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
Correct answer: A narrow therapeutic index means that the difference between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose is very small
The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed Cushing's disease; a secondary endocrine disorder. What is the most likely cause of this syndrome?
Correct answer: A pituitary tumor
A nurse is caring for a client who has expressive aphasia following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which of the following parameters should the nurse use first in order to assess the client's pain level?
Correct answer: A self-report pain rating scale
The leading cause of acute liver failure is?
Correct answer: Acetaminophen
Which one of the following can help distinguish between pneumonia and acute bronchitis?
Correct answer: Acute bronchitis typically does not have infiltrates on an x-ray
The nurse goes to check the client's blood glucose prior to their bedtime. The nurse finds the client non-responsive and their blood glucose is 45. What do you anticipate that the nurse will do next?
Correct answer: Administer D50 (dextrose 50%) via IV push
A 62-year-old male pt. with a history of chronic kidney disease and heart failure is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. The pt. is prescribed furosemide (Lasix) to manage fluid retention. The nurse is monitoring the pts. laboratory results and notes a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L (normal range 3.5-5.0). Which of the following is an appropriate action for the nurse to take?
Correct answer: Administer and oral potassium supplement as prescribed
Which of the followig will affect a pt response to a medication? (select all that apply?)
Correct answer: Age of pt, route of administration, interactions between medication, biological sex of the pt
A nurse is assessing a client for hypoxemia during asthma attack. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Correct answer: Agitation
Which medication is most effective for treating acute exacerbations of asthma and COPD?
Correct answer: Albuterol (ProAir)
The nurse administers a dose of furosemide (Lasix) for a pt with heart failure. What should the nurse assess prior to administering the administration?
Correct answer: Allergies, full set of vitals, electrolytes
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of a client who has acute pancreatitis. The nurse should expect to find an evaluation of which of the following values?
Correct answer: Amylase
The nurse is caring for a client fighting a viral infection. Which of the following would the nurse not expect to see in the pts assessment?
Correct answer: An increase in neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes
Drug X binds to a cell receptor site, fails to activate the site, and prevents receptor activation by the body's normal regulatory molecule. Drug X is classified as which of the following?
Correct answer: Antagonist
A nurse is educating a client with rheumatoid arthritis about NSAIDS. The client asks, "Why does my aspirin increase my risk for bleeding? The best response by the nurse is:
Correct answer: Aspiring causes suppression of platelet aggregation by causing irreversible inhibition of COX-1
The nurse gives the pt twice the prescribed dose of a scheduled medication. What should the nurse do first?
Correct answer: Asses the patient
A nurse is preparing dietary instructions for a client who has episodes of biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
Correct answer: Avoid foods high in fat
The nurse is going to administer a dose of nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL to a pt with chest pain. Which of the following would the nurse not include in the pre-administration assessment?
Correct answer: Basic metabolic panel to assess electrolytes
The nurse is providing education to a pt that is being prescribed antibiotics for an infection. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the education?
Correct answer: Be sure to take all of the antibiotics, even if you start to feel better
Which one of the following mechanisms will improve respiratory function?
Correct answer: Bronchodialation
Which of the following lab values would a nurse expect to see in a pt with fluid volume overload?
Correct answer: Hyponatremia
Ms. Peterson takes Digoxin (cardiac glycoside) 0.25 mg daily for heart failure. Other past medical hx of HTN and chronic kidney disease. She presents to the ED experiencing nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and visual changes. Which of the following orders would the nurse prioritize?
Correct answer: Check the pts digoxin level
A nurse is preparing a community health program for adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following should the nurse include as a modifiable risk factor?
Correct answer: Cigarette smoking
A pt has edema due to malnutrition. The pt is likely to receive intravenous _____ to increase _____
Correct answer: Colloid solution; intravascular oncotic pressure
A pt is diagnosed with COPD. What impact will this have on the V:Q ratio?
Correct answer: Decreased V:Q ration
A pt with liver failure is at risk for metabolic acidosis. What mechanism causes this acid-base imbalance?
Correct answer: Decreased bicarbonate production
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking lisinopril (ACEI). Which of the following outcomes indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?
Correct answer: Decreased blood pressure
A pt with a respiratory disorder is being treated with a beta agonist. What is the mechanism of the action that makes this medication an effective part of the treatment regimen?
Correct answer: Decreased bronchospasm
The healthcare provider prescribes a medication that is really eliminated for a pt with acute renal failure. The nurse recognizes that the pt is at risk for which altered drug response?
Correct answer: Development of drug. toxicity
A pt is receiving a new prescription for Isoniazid. Which of the following statements should be included in pt education?
Correct answer: Do not drink alcohol while you are taking this medication
What pt education should be included for a pt starting carbidopa/levodopa (Senemet)?
Correct answer: Eat a consistent and moderate amount of protein throughout the day
Which of the following would indicate a possible adverse reaction to rifampin?
Correct answer: Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
Which one of the following lab results would the nurse expect to see in a pt with diabetes insipidus?
Correct answer: Elevated serum sodium
Ms. Sims arrives to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 8 mEq/L (3.5-5). What is the MOST effective treatment for this pt?
Correct answer: Emergent dialysis of the pt
Mr. Gomez is diagnosed with a bacterial infection and prescribed an antibiotic based on the location of the infection and the most likely causative agent. This is an example of what type of treatment?
Correct answer: Empirical treatment
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is taking aspirin (NSAID) 650 mg every 4 hours. Which of the following diagnostic tests that monitors inflammation should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?
Correct answer: Erythrocyte sediment rate (ESR)
What is the life-threatening complication resulting from portal hypertension?
Correct answer: Esophageal varices
A nurse at a rehabilitation center is planning care for a client who had a left hemispheric cerebrovascular accident (CVA) 3 weeks ago. Which of the following goals should the nurse include in the client's rehabilitation program?
Correct answer: Establish the ability to communicate effectively
Which of the following pharmacokinetic processed is impaired in pts with kidney failure?
Correct answer: Excretion
The nurse is receiving report on a pt admitted from the emergency department with a middle cerebral artery stroke. The nurse knows that the pts symptoms will likely be:
Correct answer: Facial asymmetry, arm weakness, and speech deficits
Please interpret the following arterial blood gas results: pH = 7.43, CO2 = 28, HCO3 = 18 (Normal values: pH 7.35-7.45, CO2 34-45, HCO3 22-26)
Correct answer: Full compensated respiratory alkalosis
Which of the following is not a digestive enzyme to aid that break down macronutrients?
Correct answer: Gastrin
A nurse is providing teaching for a client who is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and has a prescription for glipizide. Which of the following statements by the nurse best describes the action of glipizide?
Correct answer: Glipizide stimulates your pancreas to release insulin
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who reports feeling shaky and having palpitations. When the nurse finds the client's blood glucose to be 48 mg/dL on the glucometer, he should give the client which of the following?
Correct answer: Graham crackers
Standard precautions are?
Correct answer: Guidelines to prevent spread of microorganism
A nurse is planning to calculate a client's cardiac output. Which of the following data should the nurse obtain to calculate the cardiac output?
Correct answer: Heart rate
A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who had a seizure and became unresponsive after stating she has a sudden severe headache and vomiting. The client's signs are as follows: blood pressure of 198/110 mm Hg, pulse of 82/min, respirations of 24/min and a temperature of 38.2 C (100.8 F). Which of the following neurologic disorders should the nurse suspect?
Correct answer: Hemorrhagic stroke
What is released from a mast cell that initiates the inflammatory response?
Correct answer: Histamine
A pt with untreated Addison's disease is at risk for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
Correct answer: Hyperkalemia
Which one of the following IV solutions would be the most appropriate for a pt being treated for increased cranial pressure (ICP) related to cerebral edema?
Correct answer: Hypertonic crystalloid solution
The student nurse has provided pt education to a pt on the adverse effects of Ciprofloxacin. The student nurse recognizes that the pt needs further teaching when they make which of the following statements?
Correct answer: I am so glad I can still go on my beach vacation tomorrow
The nurse is discussing medications with a pt with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes. The pt is nervous about needles and asks nurse about oral medications. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?
Correct answer: I understand that needs can at first seem cary or overwhelming. Let's practice injections on the mannequin and then we can identify where you'd first like to give yourself injections.
The nurse is providing education for a patient who has been newly prescribed a glucocorticoid taper. What statement by the pt shows that the education was successful?
Correct answer: I will avoid close contact with sick people while on this medication
Ms. Edmonds is receiving a new prescription for Losartan (ARB). Which one of the following statements should the nurse include in the pt education>
Correct answer: If you start to feel light headed or dizzy you should contact your healthcare provider
A pt who is vomiting is at risk for metabolic alkalosis. What mechanism causes this acid-base imbalance?
Correct answer: Increased acid loss
Which of the following will decrease cardiac output?
Correct answer: Increased blood pressure
Heart failure causes edema through which mechanism?
Correct answer: Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Inflammation causes edema through which mechanism?
Correct answer: Increased capillary permeability
Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to see in a pt with a restrictive lung disorder?
Correct answer: Increased effort to expand the lungs
Which of the following would a nurse NOT expect to see in a pt with COPD?
Correct answer: Increased inspiratory phase
Which of the following would the nurse expect to see in a pt with Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)? (select all that apply)
Correct answer: Increased weight gain over the last two days, and elevated blood pressure
The nurse is developing a plan to minimize the risk of adrenal insufficiency for a pt who is receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy. Which outcome should be included?
Correct answer: Increases supplements dosage of glucocorticoid at times of stress
A nurse in an emergency room is caring for a client who sustain partial-thickness burns to both lower legs, chest, face, and both forearms. Which of the following is the priority action the nurse should take?
Correct answer: Inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries
A nurse at a providers office receives a phone call from a client who reports nausea and unrelieved chest pain after taking a nitroglycerin (organic nitrates) tablet 5 min ago. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
Correct answer: Instruct the client to call 911
What sign/symptom of increasing/worsening intracranial pressure would be the most concerning to find in your assessment?
Correct answer: Irregular breathing
Which treatment would be most effective for active TB?
Correct answer: Isonizid (antibiotic) given in combination with another TB medication
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about the function of the large intestine. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Correct answer: It absorbs liquid to form stool
A pt. is taking losartan (ARB) 50 mg daily. What finding below is an adverse side effect of this medication and should be reported to the physician?
Correct answer: K+ 6.8 mmol/L
A nurse is monitoring the fluid replacements of a client who has sustained burns. The nurse should administer which of the following fluids in the first 24 hr following a burn injury?
Correct answer: Lactated Ringer's
For a client taking aspirin, the nurse understands that which of the following is not a common adverse or toxic effect of aspirin?
Correct answer: Lactic acidosis
A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis and new prescriptions for rifampin (antibiotic) and Isoniazid (antibiotic). Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse instruct the client will be required while on this medication regimen?
Correct answer: Liver Function Tests
Antimicorbial selection is based on all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct answer: Longest course of treatment
How does complement cause irreversible cell death?
Correct answer: Lysis of the cell wall allowing sodium and water to enter the cell
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dementia and handles anxiety by confabulating. The nurse should recognize confabulation when the client:
Correct answer: Makes up stories when his is unable to remember actual events
Mr. Jones is being treated for cerebral edema with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following medications would the nurse most likely see as part of the treatment regimen?
Correct answer: Mannitol (Osmitrol)
In a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, antigens are combined with IgE. What happens next?
Correct answer: Mast cell degranulation
A pt presents to the emergency room with tachycardia, wheezing, SOB, and urticaria. What statement best explains these symptoms?
Correct answer: Mast cells releasing histamine
Which one of the following is the best indicator of tissue perfusion?
Correct answer: Mean arterial pressure
Nursing students are administering flu shots at a local health fair. The instructor asks a student which part of the immune response helps flu shots to be so effective. The student correctly responds:
Correct answer: Memory B-cells
A nurse in an emergency department is assessing a client who is having a suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find for a client experiencing an acute MI? (Select all that apply.)
Correct answer: Nausea, tachycardia, diaphoresis
The nurse is caring for a pt at a long-term care facility. The client has a fever of 39 degrees C and is having trouble urinating. You suspect a new bacterial infection and recommend the health care provider order CBC (complete blood count). Which leukocyte or white blood cell would you expect to be elevated?
Correct answer: Neutrophils
Which types of white blood cell proliferates in a bacterial infection?
Correct answer: Neutrophils
A primary cause for an increase in multi-drug resistance strains of tuberculosis is:
Correct answer: Non-adherence to required treatment regimen
Medications inactivated by the first pass effect should not be given by which route?
Correct answer: Oral
The most common cause of microbial resistance is?
Correct answer: Overuse of antibiotics
A nurse is caring for a pt who is receiving multiple medications for the treatment of various chronic conditions. The nurse knows that several of these medications are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system. What is the primary concern related to the concurrent use of multiple medications metabolized by the CYP450 system?
Correct answer: P-glycoprotein can reduce the concentration of medications in the bloodstream
Which of the following is not a classic sign or symptom of inflammation in a pt?
Correct answer: Pallor
Please interpret the following arterial blood gas: pH = 7.58, CO2 = 52, HCO3 = 36 (Normal values: pH 7.35-7.45, CO2 35-45, HCO3 22-26)
Correct answer: Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
Ms. Almond has asthma and is taking prednisone. Which of the following is a possible adverse effect of taking this medication?
Correct answer: Peptic ulcer disease
A nurse is caring for a client who reports a new onset of severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to determine if the client is experiencing a myocardial infarction?
Correct answer: Perform a 12-lead ECG
A nurse is planning care for a client who has ulcerative colitis. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following complications of ulcerative colitis?
Correct answer: Peritonitis
Atherosclerosis is the source of nearly all coronary artery disease. The primary cause is ________ and this results in ________.
Correct answer: Plaque build-up in the vessels composed of lipids; progressive narrowing of the lumen
What is the mechanism of action for lorazepam (Ativan)?
Correct answer: Potentiates the action of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should recognize which of the following medication can cause glucose intolerance?
Correct answer: Prednisone
Administration of the flu vaccine is categorized as which level of prevention?
Correct answer: Primary prevention
The nurse is caring for a 75-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and impaired kidney function who is prescribed an 81 mg dose of aspirin (NSAID) every day. The nurse knows this medication is used for the following purpose(s):
Correct answer: Primary prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke
Targeted antimicrobial therapy refers to:
Correct answer: Providing antibiotics with specificity to infecting microbe as identified by a culture and sensitivity
A pt is diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse NOT expect to see?
Correct answer: Rapid breathing
A nurse is taking a health history of a client who reports occasionally taking several over-the-counter medications, including Famotidine (H2 receptor antagonist). Which of the following outcomes indicates the Famotidine is therapeutic?
Correct answer: Relief of heartburn
A nurse is planning care for a client who is confined to bed. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan?
Correct answer: Reposition the client every 2 hr
A pt who overdoses on morphine is at risk for which acid-base imbalance?
Correct answer: Respiratory acidosis
A person at the top of Mt. Everest is at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances?
Correct answer: Respiratory alkalosis
A nurse in a clinic is assessing a client. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for osteoporosis?
Correct answer: Smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day
A nurse is giving a presentation at a community center about chronic bronchitis. Which of the following information should the nurse include as effective for preventing the disorder?
Correct answer: Smoking cessation
The nurse is caring for a pt with SIADH. Which electrolyte is the pt at greatest risk of losing?
Correct answer: Sodium
A nurse is reviewing a clients admission records. The nurse note that there are prescriptions for several medications. Which of the following factors should the nurse recognize is of primary consideration when determining the schedule of administration?
Correct answer: Specific characteristics of the medications
A pt presents with a large pressure ulcer covered with a dark, dry scab. When the eschar is removed, what stage pressure ulcer will be underneath?
Correct answer: Stage 3 or 4
The development of a new infection as a result of the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic is referred to as a:
Correct answer: Superinfection
A home health nurse is assessing an older adult client who reports falling a couple times over the past week. Which of the following findings should the nurse suspect is contributing to the client's falls?
Correct answer: The client takes benzodiazepine PRN for anxiety
A nurse is establishing health promotion goals for a female client who smokes cigarettes, has hypertension, and has a BMI of 26. Which of the following goals should the nurse include?
Correct answer: The client will walk for 30 min 5 days a week
Which of the following statements accurately describes the process of self versus non-self antigen recognition by the immune system?
Correct answer: The immune system recognizes self antigens as harmless and non-self antigens as harmful
Which of the following statements is true regarding a pt with active tuberculosis?
Correct answer: The pt is able to infect other individuals, the pt will complain of weight loss and anorexia, the pt will usually have an abnormal chest X-ray
Drug X is an antagonist. If drug X binds to a receptor, what impact will this have on the receptor?
Correct answer: The receptor will not be activated by the body's normal regulatory molecule
Which of the following are correct mechanisms of action for glucocorticoids like prednisone? (select all that apply)
Correct answer: Their receptors are located inside the cell and they modulate protein production
What is not true about the function of Helper T-cells?
Correct answer: They make antibodies
A student nurse is providing discharge medication education for a pt on the potential adverse effects of erythromycin. Which of the following statements by the pt would indicate a need for further teaching?
Correct answer: This medication will make me sensitive to the sun
The nurse cares for the client diagnosed with a stroke. The client has hemiplegia, sensory loss and cognitive dysfunction. During the first 72 hours of hospitalization, what is the highest priority for the patient?
Correct answer: Tissue reperfusion
The pt has been taking morphine for cancer-related pain for the past 4 weeks. After speaking with her health care provider about her pain management, the health care provider orders an increase in the pt dose of morphine. This phenomenon is referred to as:
Correct answer: Tolerance
The nurse identifies which are the classic signs of Parkinson's disease?
Correct answer: Tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity
A nurse is caring for a client who came to the emergency department reporting chest pain. The provider suspects a myocardial infarction. While waiting for the troponin levels report, the client asks what this blood test will show. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide the client?
Correct answer: Troponin is a heart muscle protein that appears in the bloodstream when there is damage to the heart
What is not a common cause of cirrhosis?
Correct answer: Type 1 DM
A nurse is providing education to a pt newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Which one of the following statements should the nurse include regarding the etiology and treatment of Type 1 diabetes?
Correct answer: Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body destroying pancreatic cells. This means you will have to inject insulin to manage your blood sugar.
The nurse is providing education to a client with newly diagnoses Type 2 diabetes. Which is the most accurate description of Type 2 diabetes mellitus cause and treatment?
Correct answer: Type 2 diabetes is caused by your body becoming resistant to insulin. This means you will need to modify your diet and take pills to manage your blood sugar for the rest of your life
What is the greatest difference between a Type 4 hypersensitivity and all other hypersensitivity types?
Correct answer: Type 4 does not involve antibodies
A nurse is preparing to administer medications to multiple pts on medical-surgical unit. Among the pt, there is one with a history of severe allergies. Which nursing assessment should take priority before administering medications to this patients?
Correct answer: Verify the pt identity using two identifiers
Your friend in nursing school is talking about clinicals. They lament "when I'm home reading my books, I understand the material, but when I'm with a pt I get nervous and feel like I don't know what to do." What statement to your friend would be most helpful?
Correct answer: When we are stressed our brains take in information from the thalamus and send it straight to the amygdala. Take a deep breath, count to 10, and this will help you turn your prefrontal cortex back on."
Mr. Griffin was diagnosed with a nosocomial pneumonia and asks the nurse what this means. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct answer: You acquired you pneumonia while you were in the hospital
A client is admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with Addison's disease. During discharge teaching, the client asks the nurse how long they will need to take glucocorticoids. What is the correct response by the nurse?
Correct answer: You will need to take the medication for the rest of your life
A client who has a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed aspirin 325 mg. The nurse recognizes that the aspirin is given due to which of the following actions of the medication?
Correct answer: anti-platelet aggregate
A patient with a restrictive lung disorder would exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:
Correct answer: increased total lung capacity
Which one of the following best describes the largest effect a drug can produce?
Correct answer: maximal efficacy
Miss Brown has type 1 diabetes and arrives to the hospital in DKA. The nurse recognizes Miss Brown is at risk for which acid-base imbalance?
Correct answer: metabolic acidosis
A pt. has come into the ED with DKA. An ABG is taken and the results show fully compensated metabolic acidosis. Select ABG values that indicate fully compensated metabolic acidosis. (Normal values: pH 7.35-7.45, CO2 35-45, HCO3 22-26)
Correct answer: pH 7.36, CO2 24, HCO3 14
A pt is diagnosed with left-sided systolic heart failure. Which of the following would indicate an acute exacerbation of the condition? (select all that apply)
Correct answers: Auscultation of crackles in the lungs, onset of cough and shortness of breath
A pt is diagnosed with a severe bacterial infection of the urinary tract. Which of the following lab results would the nurse expect to see in a pt with a severe bacterial infection? (select all that apply)
Correct answers: Elevated neutrophils, elevated white blood cell cound
Which antibodies mediate the responses of Type 2 hypersensitivity? (select all that apply)
Correct answers: IgM and IgG
Which of the following are the mechanisms of action for metformin (Glucophage)? (select all that apply)
Correct answers: Inhibits glucose production in the liver, sensitizes insulin receptors in fat and skeletal cells
A pt has an order for morphine 2 mg IV PRN every 1 hour for pain. What should the nurse assess before giving the next dose of medication? (select all that apply)
Correct answers: Pain level, time last dose was administered and full set of vital signs
The nurse is caring for a client who is healing after a fall from an electric scooter. The clients right hand is severely swollen, red, warm and incredibly painful. What parts of the inflammatory process are causing these complaints? (select all that apply)
Correct answers: Release of chemotactic factors, neutrophil migration
Ms. Jones has received a new prescription for fluticasone/salmeterol (LABA/Glucocorticoid). pt. education includes the possible side effects she may experience, including hoarseness, dry mouth, fungal infection of the oral cavity, and coughing. What actions can you teach her to prevent or diminish the incidence of these effects?
Correct answers: Rinse her mouth with water, do not swallow the water, immediately after taking the medication
A nurse at a providers office receives a phone call from a client who reports nausea and unrelieved chest pain after taking a nitroglycerin (organic nitrates) tablet 5 min ago. Which of the following actions?
Correct answers: Stimulates secretions
The nurse is providing education to the client who is going to start glucocorticoid taper. Which statement by the nurse is important to include in the education?
Correct answers: This medications may cause physiological changes. Please contact your health provider if you experience any disturbing feelings
What is the main difference between a Type 4 hypersensitivity and all other hypersensitivity types?
Correct answers: Type 4 does not require antibodies
What is the significance of drawing serum vancomycin levels?
Correct numbers: Risk for toxicity due to narrow therapeutic index
Lipohypertrophy is common adverse effect of insulin injections. What is one way that the nurse can educate a client to minimize this problem?
Correction answer: Rotating insulin injection sites
