N316B: C&F Chapter 26 Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
A client who is scheduled for a hysteroscopy asks a nurse about the procedure involved in this technique. Which statement made by the client indicates effective understanding? "A radiopaque dye is used during a hysteroscopy." "A scope is inserted into the uterus to take a small amount of tissue." "A scope is inserted through a small surgical incision in the abdomen." "A thin telescopic type device is inserted via the vagina into the uterus."
"A thin telescopic type device is inserted via the vagina into the uterus."
Which medical condition needs careful use of hormone replacement? Breast cancer Cardiac disease Venous thrombus All of the above
All of the above This option is correct because breast cancer, cardiac disease, and venous thrombus are major risks involved in hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, clients with these medical problems should be given hormone replacement therapy with extreme caution.
A nurse observes that the endometrial lining is absent is a client who underwent a dilation and curettage (D&C) abortion. Which syndrome will the nurse suspect in the client? Turner syndrome Sheehan's syndrome Asherman's syndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome
Asherman's syndrome Asherman's syndrome is characterized by the lack of uterine endometrial lining. It is mostly observed after D&C surgery and can be a cause of secondary amenorrhea.
Which physiological changes occur in a female during the perimenopausal stage? Decreased estrogen secretion Increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level Both A and B None of the above
Both A and B During the perimenopausal stage, the ovaries start degenerating and thus estrogen secretion is decreased. The pituitary gland secretes high amount of FSH in an attempt to increase estrogen secretion leading to increased FSH level. Therefore, both A and B are correct answers.
While assessing a 7-year-old female client, the primary health-care provider finds that the client has enlargement of the breasts, erection of the nipples, and development of pubic hair. Which hormonal levels can be found high in the client? Estrogen Gonadotropin Both A and B None of the above
Both A and B Secondary sexual characteristics must have developed in the client due to elevated levels of estrogen or gonadotropins. Therefore, both A and B are correct.
Which drugs are used to treat hyperprolactinemia? Select all that apply. Clozapine Cabergoline Risperidone Bromocriptine Metoclopramide
Cabergoline Bromocriptine
Which laboratory test can assess a client's blood to rule out the possibility of ovarian cancer? Estrogen Urine calcium oxalate Carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA-125) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA-125) CA-125 is a biomarker that is released into the bloodstream of clients with ovarian cancer. Therefore, it helps in ruling out the possibility of ovarian cancer.
Prioritize the steps involved in menstrual cycle (A-F). (Enter the letter of each step in the proper sequence; do not use commas or spaces.) A. Ovulation B. Production of progesterone C. Formation of the corpus luteum D. Release of luteinizing hormone E. Increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) F. Inhibition of FSH and luteinizing hormone
E. Increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D. Release of luteinizing hormone A. Ovulation C. Formation of the corpus luteum B. Production of progesterone F. Inhibition of FSH and luteinizing hormone
A female client is diagnosed to be infertile due to the production of antibodies against the ovarian tissue. Which treatment will the nurse expect for the client? Estrogen replacement therapy Oral contraceptive therapy Clomiphene citrate Dilatation and curettage surgery
Estrogen replacement therapy Infertility caused due to the production of antibodies against the ovarian tissue is known as premature ovarian failure (POF). This leads to loss of ova and decreased estrogen production. Therefore, the nurse expects estrogen replacement therapy for the client.
A female client reports missed menstrual periods after discontinuing hormonal contraceptives. What could be the reason behind the missed menstrual periods? Obstruction in the cervix Damage to the fallopian tube Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction Extra growth of uterine tissue
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction Discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives may lead to a dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, preventing the release of the egg by the ovaries. This results in missed menstrual periods.
A woman who has tested positive on a serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) test had her last menstrual period on April 18, 2015. What would be the estimated date of childbirth, according to Naegele's rule? January 15, 2016 January 20, 2016 January 25, 2016 January 30, 2016
January 25, 2016 Naegele's rule calculates the childbirth by adding 1 year to the last menstrual period, subtracting 3 months from it, and then adding 7 days to it. Therefore, if the last menstrual period is April 18, 2015, then adding 1 year to it would be April 18, 2016. Subtracting 3 months from April 18, 2016 is January 18, 2016. Adding 7 days to that would be January 25, 2016. Therefore, January 25, 2016 is the estimated date of childbirth.
While assessing a female client for anomalies of the genital tract, the primary health-care professional observes that the uterus is absent in the client and the vagina is foreshortened. However, the client's breast is normal in shape and contour. Which menstrual disorder would the nurse suspect in the client? Dysmenorrhea Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome Premenstrual syndrome Menorrhea
Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome Absence of the uterus and a foreshortened vagina are the signs of Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome. This syndrome can be responsible for amenorrhea, which is the absence of a menstrual cycle.
A female client tells a nurse, "I have excessive bleeding that lasts for more than 7 days every time I menstruate." Which menstrual disorder does the nurse suspect in the client? Menorrhagia Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea
Menorrhagia Menorrhagia is a menstrual disorder in which a client will experience excessive uterine bleeding and the menstrual cycle usually lasts for more than 7 days. Therefore, the nurse suspects menorrhagia in the client.
In a client with a uterine disorder, a nurse observes that the endometrial tissue grows inside the muscular layer of the uterus. Which complications will the nurse observe in the client? Select all that apply. Menorrhagia Infertility Pelvic pain Dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia
Menorrhagia Pelvic pain Dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia
A client diagnosed with dysmenorrhea is prescribed ibuprofen and hormonal contraceptives. Which outcome in the client indicates the effectiveness of the therapy? No painful experience during the first 2 days of her menstrual period No behavioral change during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle No formation of multiple regions of unreleased egg on the ovarian surface All of the above
No painful experience during the first 2 days of her menstrual period Painful menstruation is called dysmenorrhea. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen, in addition to hormonal contraceptives, are recommended to reduce the pain in clients with dysmenorrhea. Therefore, if the client experiences no pain during the first 2 days of her menstrual period, it indicates an effective outcome.
Which complications should a nurse expect in a female client caused by atrophic vaginitis during the perimenopausal stage? Select all that apply. Hot flashes Night sweats Irregular menses Painful sexual intercourse Vaginal yeast infection
Painful sexual intercourse Vaginal yeast infection
Which medication is associated with the growth of endometrial polyps? Tamoxifen Ibuprofen Haloperidol Matoclopramide
Tamoxifen Tamoxifen is used in the treatment of breast cancer. It stimulates the growth of endometrial tissue resulting in the growth of endometrial polyps.
While reviewing a client's medical record, a nurse finds the client to be described as gravida 2, para 2, or G2 P2. What will the nurse interpret from this description? The client had two deliveries and two abortions. The client had two pregnancies and both of them were aborted. The client had one delivery after 24 weeks and two pregnancies. The client had two pregnancies and two deliveries after 24 weeks.
The client had two pregnancies and two deliveries after 24 weeks.
A client with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is prescribed selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) and nutritional supplements. Which symptom in the client indicates the effectiveness of the therapy? The client has decreased irritability and mood swings. The client no longer experiences painful menstruation. The client's blood report shows no serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG). The client has elevated levels of progesterone.
The client has decreased irritability and mood swings. PMS is characterized by irritability and mood swings. Therapy with SSRIs and nutritional supplements will provide relief from symptoms of PMS.
A night-shift nurse documents "primigravida" for a client. Which client is being referred to by the nurse? The client who hasn't had a pregnancy. The client who had multiple pregnancies. The client who is carrying her first pregnancy. The client who has delivered a baby after her first pregnancy.
The client who is carrying her first pregnancy.
A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old female client who has never had a menstrual cycle and has a webbed neck, short stature, and a broad shield-like chest. What is the most probable cause of the client's condition? Turner syndrome Sheehan's syndromeAsherman's syndrome Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome
Turner syndrome If a 19-year-old female has never had a menstrual cycle, the client would have primary amenorrhea. The most probable cause of primary amenorrhea is Turner syndrome, which is characterized by a webbed neck, short stature, and a broad shield-like chest.
While assessing a young female client for reproductive disorders, a nurse understands that the client has amenorrhea. Which specific question should the nurse ask the client? "Do you have frequent vaginal infections?" "Do you have any thyroid gland disorders?" "Do you have diabetes mellitus?" "Do you have continuous or intermittent pelvic pain?"
"Do you have any thyroid gland disorders?" A female client with a thyroid gland disorder may experience the absence of a menstrual cycle, which is known as amenorrhea.
A registered nurse is teaching a client with dysmenorrhea about her treatment plan. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching? "I should avoid the use of oral contraceptives." "I should take ibuprofen as prescribed." "I should consume a low-fat diet." "I should perform regular exercise."
"I should avoid the use of oral contraceptives." Oral contraceptives stop ovulation and decrease prostaglandin synthesis and myometrial contractility. This helps in relieving the symptoms of dysmenorrhea. They should not be avoided in clients with dysmenorrhea.
A 14-year-old female client with constitutional growth delay tells a nurse, "I am not getting any taller! I am the same height I was last year!" How should the nurse respond? "I will refer you to an endocrinologist." "You should start taking growth supplements." "You will reach full height by adulthood." "I am afraid you will not grow any taller."
"You will reach full height by adulthood." Constitutional growth delay is also called delayed puberty. Normal stature and sexual maturity is reached by adulthood. Therefore, this statement made by the nurse is the most appropriate response to the client.
The transabdominal ultrasound examination of a female client shows the presence of fibroid tumors. Which treatment options should the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to suppress the growth of the tumors? Select all that apply. Myomectomy Hysterectomy Ablation of the endometrium Uterine artery embolization Injection of hypothalamic gonadotropic-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Uterine artery embolization Injection of hypothalamic gonadotropic-releasing hormone (GnRH)