N728 - All quizzes (no calculations)
An open reservoir system contains no valves and functions as a 2-tube system requiring:
activation evacuation
The single most important factor in reducing waste-anesthetic-gas pollution is:
air turnover in the OR
Certain drugs, such as succinylcholine, are esters, which are formed from the condensation of a carboxylic acid with an:
alcohol
The compound with the formula C3H7OH is an:
alcohol
A solution is said to be saturated when:
it contains the maximum amount of solute possible
Electrical work is expressed in terms of:
joules
The most common adverse effect seen after the administration of MRI contrast agent is:
nausea
Buffer solutions:
resist changes in pH
200 mA
ventricular fibrillation
Initial heat loss in the intraoperative patient is the result of:
redistribution
The dissolution of H2SO4 in water results in the formation of sulfuric acid. According to the Brônsted definition, the conjugate base in this equilibrium is:
SO4-2
The spill valve in the ventilator:
allows venting of gas in the bellows to the scavenger
The compound with the formula (CH3)3N is an:
amine
As a result of inductance:
an electric current can be created in an adjacent conductor not connected to the circuit
A sevoflurane vaporizer calibrated for use in New Haven, CT is moved to Mexico City, MX (barometric pressure = 587 mmHg). This will cause:
an increase in vaporizer output
Polyprotic acids:
are able to release more than one hydrogen ion
Avogadro's Hypothesis states that:
at 0o C and 1 atmosphere of pressure, one mole of a gas will occupy 22.4 L regardless of its molecular weight; equal volumes of gases under the same conditions contain an equal number of molecules
Henry's law states that:
the partial pressure of a gas in a liquid is the same as the partial pressure in the gas phase
50 mA
severe pain
The purpose of the oxygen pressure cutoff valve is to:
shut off other gas flows if pressure in the oxygen source falls below a critical threshold
According to the LaPlace Equation, in a balloon filled with helium:
the wall tension of the balloon must be the same as the pressure exerted by the helium
The saturated vapor concentration of sevoflurane is approximately: (Enter a numeric value as a percentage)
22%
Products produced during the absorption of CO2 by sodalime include:
CaCO3
The dicrotic notch, present on an arterial line tracing, indicates:
closure of the aortic valve
Propofol is an example of a:
phenol
As compared to an ungrounded electrical system, electric shock is more likely to occur in a grounded electrical system because:
touching the 'hot' wire alone is often enough to complete the circuit
When using a ground-fault-interrupter circuit, power to the outlet will be cut if there is a mismatch of current flow between the 'hot' line and the 'neutral' line that exceeds: (Enter your answer in terms of milliamps)
5
The pumping effect:
can result in an increase in vaporizer output
Cardiac oscillations seen on the capnogram are the result of:
changing intrathoracic volume with the cardiac cycle
The paramagnetic oxygen analyzer relies on:
the attraction of the oxygen molecule to a magnetic field
Current recommendations for electrical devices being used in the OR require that leakage current not exceed: (Enter your answer in terms of microamps)
10
The number of full exchanges of air in the operating room per hour should be greater than:
10
The inspiratory flow rate in the adult is normally:
10 L/min
Under normal resting conditions in the adult, the oxygen content in a single deciliter of mixed-venous blood is: (Enter a numeric value in mLs)
15
When a unipolar electrocautery is in use, the minimum recommended distance of cauterization from a pacemaker or AICD is: (Express your answer in centimeters)
15
The NIOSH recommendation regarding volatile anesthetic agents states that, when used as the sole anesthetic, the operating room concentration should not exceed: (Enter a numeric value in parts per million)
2
An open reservoir system must have an internal volume of at least:
2 L
In the usual OR, the upper limit of NIOSH recommendations of nitrous oxide may be exceeded with as little as a:
2.5 L spill
According to the Fick Equation, normal oxygen consumption in the resting adult is: (Enter your answer in mL/min)
250
Active evacuation systems used to remove waste anesthetic gases must be able to remove a minimum of: (Enter a numeric value in Liters/Min)
30
During laser surgery, it is recommended that the FiO2be at or below: (Enter a numeric answer as a percentage)
30%
Flow from the flush valve is approximately:
35 - 70 L/min @ 50 - 60 psi
According to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), most lasers used in the operating room are of class:
4
The recommended annual radiation exposure limit for healthcare workers is: (Enter a numeric answer in REMs)
5
In a patient with a hemoglobin saturation of 80%, you would estimate the PaO2 to be approximately:
50
Correct flow meter sequence from left to right:
Air, N2O, O2
Gauges rely on the principle of the:
Bourden tube
Toxic levels of inhaled anesthetic agent may be achieved if:
Isoflurane is used in an sevoflurane vaporizer; the vaporizer is exposed to excessively elevated temperatures
Using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope to manually obtain blood pressure is known as the:
Riva-Rocci technique
Under normal circumstances, the most rapid rate of spontaneous depolarization is seen in the:
SA node
During a craniotomy the neurosurgeon asks for the PaCO2 to be 28 mmHg. If the patient's dead space is 50% of the tidal volume, the ventilator settings should be:
TV = 900, R = 12
Infrared analysis, used in measuring CO2 the concentration in exhaled gas, relies on the principle of:
The Beer-Lambert Law
In a normally function circle system, areas of rebreathing, which result in an increase in dead space, include:
The Y-connector; the mask
Esters are metabolized in the body by a process known as hydrolysis. Ester hydrolysis results in the ester being broken down into a(n):
alcohol; carboxylic acid
Of the following, the organic group with the greatest degree of intramolecular flexibility is:
alkanes
When using thermodilution to calculate cardiac output, cardiac output is the:
amount of injectate divided by the area of the dilution curve
The Adjustable Pressure Limiting Valve:
be set fully open for patients ventilating spontaneously; allows for venting of excess gas to the scavenger
Cardiac output determination, by using the principle changing phase shift of voltage across the thorax, is employed by the:
bioreactance method
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of fluid is equal to the ambient pressure is known as the:
boiling point
The reservoir bag in the closed-reservoir scavenging interface allows:
buffering of high expiratory flows
Light emitted from the laser is:
columnated; coherent; monochromatic
Regulators:
convert variable high-pressure input to constant low-pressure output
Eye injury secondary to exposure of scattered CO2laser emission is most likely to result in damage to the:
cornea
Fresh-gas-flow decoupling can be accomplished by:
diversion of fresh gas flow during inspiration; automatic adjustment of the tidal volume
Hydrophobic HMEs, as compared to hygroscopic HMEs, offer the advantage of:
effective bacterial and viral filtration
The 'heat of solution' is also commonly called the:
enthalpy of solution
Total intergranular airspace in the carbon dioxide absorber should:
exceed tidal volume
In the anesthesia machine, nitrous oxide:
flows only to the nitrous oxide flow meter
In the United States, the currently used volatile anesthetic agents fall into the group of compounds known as:
halogenated ethers
On the ECG tracing, U waves:
have been associated with hypokalemia; have been associated with the use of sotalol; can be a normal finding
Flow meters are gas-specific; however, flow meters will retain accuracy if delivering:
helium with an oxygen flow meter at low-flow rates; carbon dioxide with a nitrous oxide flow meter at high-flow rates
Characteristics of the hose connecting the APL to the scavenger include:
high rigidity to avoid occlusion
Nitrous oxide contamination of the operating room not in use is most likely from a:
high-pressure leak
The resistive force in an AC circuit is referred to as:
impedance
An increase in dead space in the patient as a result of pulmonary air embolization would be expected to:
increase PaCO2; decrease PeCO2
In the normal lung, ventilatory function is usually adversely affected as a result of:
increased dead space
ECG changes seen during MRI exposure are the result of:
induced voltages from the magnet
Examples of miscible substances include:
isopropyl alcohol in water
An insufficient supply of insulin can result in the patient being forced to use fats for an energy substrate. The oxidation of fats results in the formation of:
ketones
The heat required to convert one gram of liquid into vapor is called the:
latent heat of vaporization
The Link-25 System:
links only nitrous oxide and oxygen
As compared with volume-limited ventilators, pressure-limited ventilators:
maintain tidal volume despite a leak in the endotracheal tube
The colligative properties of solutions include:
osmotic pressure; boiling point; vapor pressure; freezing point
The presence of significant amounts of carbon monoxide in the patient's blood will cause the pulse oximeter to:
overestimate the actual saturation
Erroneously high cardiac output values may be obtained when using the thermodilution method if the:
patient has tricuspid regurgitation
The largest cause of intraoperative heat loss in the patient is:
radiation
Occasionally, as a result of water accumulation, the expiratory valve can fail to close during inspiration. This malfunction can result in:
rebreathing
When using an indicator-dilution method to assess cardiac output, the computer calculating the output extrapolates the last 30% of the decay curve. This is done to reduce the effect of:
recirculation of the indicator
As soon as an airway fire is noted, the correct series of responses is: (Place in the correct order)
removes burning material; discontinue fresh gas flow; pour saline in mouth and airway; ventilate with low FiO2
The quantity of heat required to raise one gram of a substance one degree centigrade is called the:
specific heat
Phase 3 of the capnogram shows a slight upward slope as a result of:
the emptying of lung units with a lower V/Q ratio
Blood pressure is defined as:
the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
Phase 2 of the capnogram is also known as:
the transition phase
The boiling point of ethyl alcohol is 78.37o C. At this temperature:
the vapor pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure
During synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation:
the ventilator will not trigger during spontaneous exhalation
15 mA
"let-go" current
Pure dead space is found on the capnogram during:
Phase 1
On the 12-lead ECG precordial system, the neutral electrode is formed by:
the standard leads
Moving a flow meter calibrated at North Haven, CT to Denver, CO will cause the flow meter to:
underestimate gas flow
The pulse oximeter eliminates the effect of tissue absorption of light by:
finding only pulsatile changes in absorption
In the operating room, the source of the highest degree of radiation exposure is from:
fluoroscopy
Pressure is defined as:
force divided by units of area
Adiabatic compression implies that:
gas is so rapidly compressed that the energy has insufficient time to transfer to its surroundings
An increase in temperature of a solution causes:
gaseous solutes in liquid solvents to experience a decrease in solubility; solid and liquid solutes in liquid solvents to experience an increase in solubility
The device used to produce 'ungrounded' electric power in the OR is the:
ground isolation transformer
Matter:
has mass
In the periodic table, the elements in the column furthest to the right:
have a filled outer-electron
While examining a fluid it is found that its temperature in centigrade is exactly the same as its temperature in Fahrenheit. The temperature of the fluid is:
-40
The hydrocarbon with the formula C5H8 is most likely an:
alkyne
The simplest of the amino acids, glycine, is shown below. Glycine is an example of a(n):
amine; carboxylic acid
Two moles of calcium chloride (CaCl2) are present in 1 liter of water. The osmolar concentration, expressed as osmoles per liter (M), of this solution is:
6
The pKa of carbonic acid (H2CO3) in the plasma is:
6.1
During spontaneous inhalation, the patient uses the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to expand intrathoracic volume causing a fall in intrathoracic pressure. This fall in intrathoracic pressure as compared to atmospheric pressure causes air to enter the lungs. This process is an example of:
Boyle's Law
In a saturated solution of potassium permaganate (KMnO4) the solubility product (Ksp) is equal to:
[K+] x [MnO4-]
The Ksp of substance in water A is 2.8 x 10-5, the Ksp of substance B in water is 8.2 x 10-6. From this information, we can assume:
a saturated solution of substance A will contain a greater quantity of substance A than will a saturated solution of substance B
Oxygen is essential for human life because it:
accepts electrons
Amphiprotic acids:
can act as either an acid or base
The pH of a buffer solution:
can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
Isotopes:
contain the same number of protons; contain the same number of electrons
According to Dalton's Atomic Theory:
elements are composed of identical atoms
Magnesium has an atomic weight of 24.305. This suggests that:
isotopes of magnesium exist
1 mA
perception threshold
According to Le Châtelier's Principle:
systems will constantly strive to remain in a state of equilibrium
In evaluating the chemical symbol 99/43 Tc:
the atomic mass is 99
When hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water nearly all of the gas dissociates, resulting in the formation of the strong acid, hydrochloric acid. In this equilibrium state:
the equilibrium constant (K) will be greater than 1
The Hagan-Poiseuille equation is effective in determining resistance to flow if:
the flow is laminar
An example of a physical change is:
the formation of bile stones from bile acid in the gallbladder
Adding sodium chloride to water causes:
the freezing point to decrease; the boiling point to increase
The atomic number of an element represents:
the number of protons in the nucleus
When using a 'ColdPak' to apply a cold compress to a patient, ammonium chloride is rapidly dissolved in water. The resultant decrease in temperature is the result of:
the separation of the ammonium chloride ions requiring more energy than that released by the by the interaction of the ions with water
When a weak acid is dissolved in water and an equilibrium is established:
the undissociated acid and dissociated ions change state continuously; the concentrations of undissociated acid and dissociated ions remains constant
