Narcotics page 76

Herion acts primarily on the

Central Nervous system and parasympathic nervous system producing drowsiness, mental clouding and reduced ability to concentrate. Many people report a reduction in feelings of aggression,depressed appetite and sex drive, and general decline in the level of physical activity. Moderate doses can cause feelings of body warmth, heaviness of the limbs, itchiness(of the nose),constipation, and constriction of the pupils. Large doses lead to sleep, decreased blood pressure and slow breathing.Tolerance develops quickly to most of these effects, so addicts are able to take it many times the normal lenthal dose without significant effects.

Semisynethic Compound drugs:Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone(aka known as Dilaudid) is chemical variation of morphine. It is sold in tablet/injectable. It is short-acting and more sedative drug than morphine. its potency is two to eight times that of morphine making this compound a highly addicting drug. also: Oxycodone Heroin

Sudden sniffing

Inhalants- tend to be more reliably intoxicating than even marijunia.

Commerical Solvents, Aersols, and Anesthetic

Inhalenets are generally divided into three catergories.

PEPAP and MPPP-narcotic analogs

Narcotic Analogs(Designer Narcotics).

they relieve pain, suppress cough, and control diarrhea. Usually there is no loss of motor coordination or loss of consciousness. unless used in high dosage. If the person is taking the drug for less pain the person feels less anxious and find relief from pain. If the person is taking the drug for reasons other than pain may cause mental distress, such as fear and nervousness, as well as nausea and possibly vomiting.

Narcotics

The opioid system controls pain, reward and addictive behaviors.

Opioids exert their pharmacological actions through three opioid receptors, mu, delta and kappa whose genes have been cloned

Semisynethic Compound drugs:Oxycodone:

Oxycodone: is chemically from codeine, though it is more potent. it produces euphoria, analgesia(inability feel pain)and sedative effects and has a dependence potential similar to morphine. One of it major advantages in medicine is that, unlike many other powerful narcotics, it retains its potency when administer orally. it is generally sold as combination drug, either as the drug Percodan(oxycodone-Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)- is a salicylate drug, and is generally used as an analgesic (something that relieves pain without producing anesthesia or loss of consciousness) for minor aches and pains, to reduce fever (an antipyretic), and also as an anti-inflammatory drug.

is usually mixed into a liquid solution and injected directly into a vein or injected just under the skin. It can also be snorted or taken orally when in powered form.

Semisynethic Compound drugs:Heroin: because of its chemical structure, heroin reaches the central nervous system more rapidly that morphine. Shortly after using the drug, it creates a rush of intense eupohiria. The faster the drug reaches the central nervous system, the greater the rush. After the effects of herion wear off, the addict usually has eight to twelve hours in which to find the next dose before withdrawal sysmtoms appear.

Narcotic Analogs(Designer Narcotics).

These are controlled substances Schedule 1 drugs under the controlled substances ACT. Today, these designer drugs which are sold on the streets as more powerful substances than their illicit counter parts. They are sold under the name China White, Persian White, Mexican Brown, and new Herion. There are two primary narcotic analogs= Fentanyl analogs(AMF) and Meperidine analogs(MPPP and PEPAP).

is a compound having a structure similar to that of another one

ANALOG

morphine is usually administered IV OR IM for the greatest effect.

An IV injection is discharged into a vein. An IM injection is discharged into a muscle.

Synthetic compounds (or narcotics) that retain the painkilling properties of morphine(without the dangers of tolerance and physical dependence) or anesthetic agents are:

are derived either directly or indirectly from naturally occurring compounds, they derived entirely with labortay setting. Meperidine (Demerol)was the very first synthetic narcotic ever produced . it has similar properties of morphine, though less potent, and unlike many of the narcotic drug, it retains much of its potency when administered orally. Tolerance to this drug effects develops gradually. Because if its use in medical settings, it is the most commonly reported drug of abuse among physicians and nursing professionals who dependent on narcotic agents.

Narcotics

are derived from naturally occurring substances and can also be manufactured synthetically(not real or genuine), or opiates/opioids that cause sedation and euphoria by causing depression of the central nervous system.

Inhalants

are large group of chemicals which include solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites. These drugs are usually CNS depressants. Inhalants are rarely thought as drugs. Moderate use of these can create an effect similar to alcohol intoxication. They are breathable chemicals that produce mind and mood altering effects.

Overdose

can cause death by respiratory depression

alkaloid

class of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin that have pronounced physiological actions on humans. They include many drugs (morphine, quinine) and poisons (atropine, strychnine

nitrogen

constituent of organic compounds found in all living tissues —

Some narcotics, such as heroin

have a medical use and any possession or use in illegal

Morphine is the main alkaloid(ingredient, compound) used

in opium. having a purity of from 4 to 21%. it is used in medicine as sedative and pain killer. it is ten times the pain killing properties of opium). Large dosage have been used to provide anesthesia in heart surgeries because unlike anesthetic drug( a substance that induces insensitivity to pain) it does not have any depressant effects on the cardiovascular system. It is used to control post-operative pain). It is available in tablets and it is injectable. A white crystal form is illegally available on the street.

Buprenorphine-Synthetic compounds (or narcotics that retain the painkilling properties of morphine without the dangers of tolerance and physical dependence

is a partial agonist. This means that, although buprenorphine is an opioid, and thus can produce typical opioid agonist effects and side effects such as euphoria and respiratory depression. At low doses buprenorphine produces sufficient agonist effects to enable opioid-addicted individuals to discontinue the misuse of opioids without withdrawal symptoms. Subutex, buprenorphine/naloxone=Suboxone are known brands for this drug. In fact high doses and under certain circumstances, buprenorphine can actually block the effects of full opioid agonist.

Synthetic compounds (or narcotics that retain the painkilling properties of morphine without the dangers of tolerance and physical dependence): Methadone

is a synthic narcotic, similar in potency to morphine. it was substitute for morphine, which was unavaible in Germany during World War 2. it has been widely used in the treatment of herion addiction. it has been widely effects of narcotic drugs. The compound has a longer effect, lasting from 24 to 36 hours and is highly effective when administered orally. The drug is given once a day in detoxification or maintaince program. As with other narcotics the drug produces physical and psychological dependence, though such effects develop more slowly and with seemingly less severity.

Codeine

is another alkaloid(compound/ingredient) found in opium. thou most codeine is manufactured from morphine. being a derivate(morphine)codeine has paining killing properties, though it is only about one-tenth as potent. It is greatest effect an antitussive(cough relief), though is also sold, combined with aspirin or acetaminophen( a pain reliever and a fever reducer)as a pain killer. It raely causes problems when taken under medical supervision for a short time. Because of this it is the most widely used naturally narcotic in medical practice.

Semisynethic Compound drugs:Heroin

is chemical derivation of morphine, initially used as a "cure" for opium and morphine addiction addiction. It is the most popular narcotic of abuse in the united states, accounting for 90% of all cases of abuse. It is the most popular narcotic of abuse in the United States, accounting for 90% of all cases of abuse. It is one of the more powerful addicting compounds known to man. Available over the counter until 1914, the drug has no medical use today, though is being investigated for possible use as a pain relieving drug with cancer patients. It is white powered with a bitter taste that may also be found in a variety of other colors from black to dark brown, depending on the impurities from manufacturing process.

poppy seed

is legally imported for the for the other legal derivate(entities ) or drugs.

OxyContin - is most popular and abused medical painkiller drug. it is a time released narcotic which provides continuous relief for up to 12 hours. Like other opiods it works primarily through interaction with mu(receptor activation) opioid receptors, especially in the brain

is the brand name for semisynthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for chronic moderate to severe pain. Its active ingredient is oxycodone which is also found in drugs like Percodan(oxycodone-Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)- is a salicylate drug, and is generally used as an analgesic (something that relieves pain without producing anesthesia or loss of consciousness) for minor aches and pains, to reduce fever (an antipyretic), and also as an anti-inflammatory drug ) and Tylox.

The term Narcotics describes

is used to describe the family of drugs that are used as an analgesic(pain relieving)compound and occasionally to induce(influencing) sleep. Sometimes referred to as opiates(because they are derived from the opium poppy plant or made synthetically to have the same action morphine(relive pain)(is a pain medication of the opiate). this family of drug may actually be broken into three classification: 1. Natural occurring compounds, such as opium, morphine(relieve pain), and codeine. 2. Semisyhthetic compounds, such as heroin and hydromorphone (by modifying the chemicals produced in opium.

Pentazocine (Talwin)Synthetic compounds (or narcotics that retain the painkilling properties of morphine without the dangers of tolerance and physical dependence

it is weak narcotic antagonist that is it can precipitate mild withdrawal symtoms when administered to narcotic dependent users. Talwin

Antagonist

opposes action to receptors.

Opium is the main source of the natural occurring narcotic drug. It is produced from.

poppy(Papauver somniferum). This poppy is cultivated in many countries of the world, including turkey, India, and china. Opium is derived from the unripe poppy pod, prior the development of the seed. it is not popular today. but used for manufacturing of heroin.

Propoxyphene(trade name Darvon). Synthetic compounds (or narcotics that retain the painkilling properties of morphine without the dangers of tolerance and physical dependence

was first marketed in 1959 for the relief of mild to moderate pain. It is favored by physicans because it is less dependence producing than other narcotics. . the greatest concern with the drug is the synergistic effect when combined with alcohol. It ranks second to barbiturates in prescription overdose deaths.

AMF(alpha-methylfentayl). narcotic analogs

was probably the first substance to be called a designer drug. it is an analog of the drug fentanyl, a highly potent narcotic analgesic sold under the trade name of Sublimaze. It is an extremely potent compound which has little difference between the dose that produces euphoria and the one that is fatal. It has been responsible for many deaths due to overdose. This drug appears to attack the basal ganglia area in the brain, resulting in a Parkinson like syndrome even after limited use. As a result, many users suffer from tremors of the hands when they are at rest, difficulty speaking or swallowing, drooling, muscular rigidity which includes a mask-like face and shuffling walk.

morphine

when used non-medically, the drug produces a euphoric high, a sense of wellbeing and drowsiness . Tolerance and physical dependence may develop rapidly, depending on the dose and frequency of use.

mu opioid receptors

receptor activation.

agonist

same effects has drugs. it produces actions when binds to receptors.