NASM 7th edition Chapter 8
Which condition would produce nutritional ketosis in the body?
A very low carbohydrate diet
What is the definition of energy balance?
When daily food intake is matched to energy needs
What is acidosis in muscle?
A decrease in pH, which can lead to feelings of fatigue
What are the end products of the electron transport chain?
ATP and water
How many calories are in 1 pound of body fat?
About 3,500
Before carbohydrates, fat, of protein cane meter the citric acid cycle (CAC), they need to be co vetted to what common molecule?
Acetyl CoA
What are components of ATP?
Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
What are the building blocks of body proteins?
Amino acids
What are nonessential amino acids?
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrient intake is adequate
What are essential amino acids?
Amino acids that must be consumed because they cannot be created by the body
Food is composed of which 3 compounds?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
What breathing change occurs at the second ventilatory threshold (VT2)?
Expiration becomes more forceful
What is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed?
Free hydrogen ions
Which substrate provides nearly all the energy for activity at and above VT2?
Glucose
A client plans to go for a 10 mile run, but they become fatigued after 7 miles. So they stop. What is most likely the cause of this fatigue?
Glycogen stores were exhausted
If someone specifically wanted to burn a lot of fat (not necessarily total calories), what type of exercise should they do?
Low- to moderate-intensity exercise for 30 to 60 minutes
Why is no exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) important?
NEAT can be protective against obesity
If someone went out for a 5 mile jog with their friend, which energy system would provide the most of the ATP for this activity?
Oxidative phosphorylation
When ADP is converted to ATP, what is this process called?
Phosphorylation
What is the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
RMR is the number of calories that the body uses at rest to function
Which component contributes the most total total energy expenditure?
Resting metabolism
If someone engages in a short, intense burst of activity lasting less than 30 seconds, which energy system will contribute the most ATP production?
The ATP-PC system
What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do?
The ETC uses a hydrogen gradient to create ATP
What is excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)?
The increase in aerobic metabolism above baseline that occurs for a period after exercise
What is the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)?
The point at which the body shuts almost entirely to using carbs for fuel
What is the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1)?
The point at which the body switches to using carbohydrates to provide at least half the fuel for exercise
If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate?
The pyruvate will be converted to lactate
What are triglycerides?
The stored form of fat