NASM: Chapter 2 Basic Exercise Science
What are the characteristics of type 2 muscle fibers?
1: Fewer capillaries, mitochondria & myoglobin 2: Decreased oxygen delivery 3: Larger in size 4: Produce lmore force 5: Quick to fatigue 6: Short-term stabilization 7: Fast twitch
What are the characteristics of type 1 muscle fibers?
1: More capillaries, mitochondria & myoglobin 2: Increased oxygen delivery 3: Smaller in size 4: Produce less force 5: Slow to fatigue 6: Long-term stabilization 7: Slow twitch
Examples of synergist (assist prime mover) exercises and muscles used:
Chest press - Anterior deltoid, triceps Overhead press - Triceps Row - Posterior deltoid, biceps Squat - Hamstring complex
Examples of antagonist (oppose prime mover) exercises and muscles used:
Chest press - Posterior deltoid Overhead press - Latissimus dorsi Row - Pectoralis major Squat - Psoas
Examples of stabilizer exercises and muscles used:
Chest press - Rotator cuff Overhead press - Rotator cuff Row - Rotator cuff Squat - Transversus abdominis
Examples of agonist (prime mover) exercises and muscles used:
Chest press - pectoralis major Overhead press - deltoid Row - Latissimus dorsi Squat - Gluteus maximus, quadriceps
The peripheral nervous system consists of what?
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body.
Activation of this organ will cause a muscle to relax which prevents the muscle from injury and over stretching?
Golgi tendon organ (GTO)
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information in order to allow proper decision making would be?
Integrative function
What sensors are being used when the body senses change via touch, pressure, stretching, sound waves & motion?
Mechanoreceptors, which in turn enable us to detect touch, sounds and motion of the body including position of our muscles, bones and joints.
Which nervous system function is described below? A muscle contracting when stretched too far or changing your walking pattern when walking on sand.
Motor funtion
Where are mechanoreceptors located?
Muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints such as muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs and joint receptors.
Muscle spindles are described as?
Receptors that are sensitive to the change in muscle length and the rate of that change.
What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system?
Sensory, integrative and motor function.
The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either internal or external environments would be which function of the nervous system?
Sensory. Ex: Stretching a muscle (internal) or walking on sand (external)
The brain and spinal cord coordinate the activity of all parts of the body in what system?
The central nervous system.
What is one of the main organ systems in the body?
The nervous system, which consists of a network of cells (neurons) that transmit signals providing communication within the body.
What are the 3 components that make up the human movement system?
The nervous, muscular and skeletal systems work together to create movement in the body.
The agonist muscle is the muscle most responsible for a particular movement. It's also known as what?
The prime mover.
What is the purpose of a synergist muscle?
To assist the prime mover during a movement.
