NCLEX - Developmental Stages - Infancy to Adolescence

The nurse determines a child is in the "preoperational" phase of Piaget's cognitive developmental theory when the child makes which statement?

"The moon follows me, and goes to bed when I go to bed".

A client with sickle cell anemia has vaso-occlusive pain. After noting that the client is of preschool age, the nurse plans to use which method to determine the adequacy of pain control?

Ask the client to point to faces (smiling to very sad) that best describe the pain.

The nurse is assessing a 36-month-old male child during a wellness visit to the pediatrician. The child weighs 43 pounds and is 41 inches tall. After plotting the measurements on the standardized growth charts for a 36-month-old, which should the nurse do next?

Assess the parents' body shape and stature.

The parents of a 16-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned because the child sleeps until noon every weekend. Which is the most appropriate nursing response?

"Adolescents love to sleep late in the morning."

A mother of a 3-year-old is concerned because the child is still insisting on a bottle at nap time and at bedtime. The nurse should make which suggestion to the mother?

"Allow the bottle if it contains water."

The parents of an 8-year-old child tell the nurse that they are concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anyone else. Which is the appropriate nursing response?

"At this age, the child is developing his or her own personality."

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to the mother of a 2-year-old child regarding dental care. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for further teaching?

"Proper dental care is not necessary for toddlers until their permanent teeth erupt."

A nursing student is assigned to care for a hospitalized 2-year-old child. The nursing instructor reviews the plan of care with the student and asks the student to identify the expected behavior of the child in regard to separation anxiety. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of separation anxiety that can occur in a 2-year-old child?

"The child may ignore the parents when they visit."

During a well-child visit a mother states she is frustrated with her 2-year-old child. Whenever she asks him if he wants something to eat, he says, "No," but then he starts to cry when she does not give him the food. The nurse should provide which instruction to explain the psychosocial concepts related to growth and development of the toddler?

"Your toddler is asserting his independence as he is progressing through the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt."

A mother of a 5-year-old child tells the nurse that the child scolds the floor or table if the child hurts herself on the object. The nurse identifies the child as displaying signs of which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Animism

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a 16-year-old male adolescent regarding dietary patterns. The nurse instructs the adolescent about the recommended amount of daily calories. How many calories a day does the nurse recommend as the approximate daily caloric allowance for a male adolescent?

2200

A licensed practical nurse (LPN) is assisting a high school nurse in conducting a session with female adolescents regarding the menstrual cycle. After the session has been completed, the LPN recognizes the adolescents have understood the teaching if the adolescents identify the normal duration of the menstrual cycle is about how many days?

28 days

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has been placed in traction after a fracture of the femur. Which is the most appropriate activity for this child?

A 10-piece puzzle

A 6-year-old is hospitalized with a fracture of the femur and is placed in traction. In meeting the psychosocial needs of the child, the nurse most appropriately selects which play activity for the child?

A board game

When caring for a 3-year-old child, the nurse should provide which toy for the child?

A wagon

The nursing student is preparing a conference on Freud's psychosexual stages of development, specifically the anal stage. Which appropriately relates to this stage?

Beginning of toilet training

The nurse is providing safety instructions to a group of parents who have children ages 8 and 9. Which car safety device should be used for a child who is 8 years old and is 4 feet tall?

Booster seat

A young adult college student begins to throw objects, shout insults, and stamp his feet after an instructor returned his work, noting it was substandard. Using Erikson's theory of personality development, which developmental stage has this individual unsuccessfully mastered?

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt.

The nurse is collecting data from parents of a 2-year-old child about mealtime activities. The nurse expects a child this age to have attained which ability?

Holds a cup in one hand

The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old boy who is hospitalized and placed in Crutchfield traction. The child is having difficulty adjusting to the length of the hospital confinement. Which nursing action would be appropriate to meet the child's needs?

Let the child wear his own clothing when friends visit.

A 1-month old child is hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident where the parents are seriously injured. The nurse should select which toys for this child? Select all that apply.

Nursery mobile A mobile that swings and plays music

A pediatric nurse is caring for a hospitalized toddler. The nurse determines that which play activity would be appropriate for the toddler?

Playing with a push-pull toy

During data collection on a child for a well-child visit, a parent tells the nurse "We have a chore chart at our house. When our child does chores without prompting for 3 days in a row, the child gets an extra 30 minutes of screen time. So far, it seems to be working!" The nurse determines the child's behavior corresponds with which stage of Kohlberg's moral development?

Pre-conventional: Obtaining rewards

When reinforcing appropriate developmental skills interventions for a 1-year-old child who was born 2 months premature, the nurse should plan to encourage the parents to support the child to achieve which developmentally appropriate goal?

Sit independently.

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 5-year-old client. The nurse should recognize that which is normal for this child in this developmental stage?

The child believes the moon follows her.

The nurse in the pediatric unit is admitting a 2-year-old child. The nurse plans care, considering the child will likely display which behavior during Erikson's psychosocial stage of development corresponding with the age?

The child frequently says "no" when the parents or the nurse asks a question.

The parents of a 2-year-old arrive at the hospital to visit their child. The child is in the play room and ignores the parents during the visit. The nurse tells the parents that this behavior in a 2-year-old child indicates which characteristic about the child?

The child is exhibiting a normal pattern.

The nurse is collecting data regarding the motor development of a 24-month-old child. Based on the age of the child, the nurse expects to note which highest level of developmental milestone?

The child uses a doorknob to open a door.

The nurse is employed in a newborn nursery. The nurse is reviewing all medications prescribed for newborns to prevent toxicity due to which causes? Select all that apply.

The liver is immature. The kidneys are less able to excrete medications.

The nurse prepares to take a blood pressure (BP) on a school-age child. Where should the nurse place the blood pressure cuff to obtain an accurate measurement?

Two thirds the distance between the antecubital fossa and the shoulder

The mother of a 2-year-old child asks the nurse if it is all right to give the child a bottle at naptime. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"You may give the child a bottle if necessary, but if you do, it should contain water."

The nurse is performing a safety assessment in the home of a mother with two children. The ages of the children are 1 and 3 years. Which observation noted during the assessment would present the greatest hazard to the children?

Toys with small loose parts in the playroom

The nurse caring for an adolescent client recently diagnosed with bone cancer is monitoring the client for depression. To best recognize these symptoms in the adolescent, the nurse should distinguish which attribute of normal adolescents from an adolescent with depression?

Adolescents like to stay up late but rarely have insomnia.

A 16-year-old child is admitted to the hospital for acute appendicitis, and an appendectomy is performed. Which intervention is most appropriate to facilitate normal growth and development?

Allow the child to participate in activities with other individuals in the same age group when the condition permits.

The nurse is assessing the pain in a 3-year-old child after an appendectomy. Which pain scale should the nurse use?

FACES pain rating scale

A child remarks, "I share my toys and snacks with my friends so they will like me more." The nurse determines the child is in which stage of moral development?

Good boy-nice girl orientation

Which interventions are appropriate for the care of an infant? Select all that apply.

Provide swaddling. Hang mobiles with black-and-white contrast designs. Caress the infant while bathing or during diaper changes.

The nurse is admitting a 10-month-old infant who is being hospitalized for a respiratory infection. The nurse develops a plan of care for the infant and includes which intervention?

Providing a consistent routine such as touching, rocking, and cuddling throughout the hospitalization

The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist even when the objects are outside of the visual field. Based on this observation, which action should the nurse take?

Report the observation to the primary health care provider.

The nurse determines a 5-year-old child is in the expected Erikson's psychosocial stage if the child makes which comment?

"I like drawing my mommy pictures with my finger paints."

The nurse provides instructions to a parent of a toddler experiencing physiological anorexia. The nurse determines the need for further teaching if the parent makes which statement?

"I should feed my child if she will not eat."

The nurse has reinforced information to the mother of a toddler regarding toilet training. Which statement by the mother would indicate a need for further teaching?

"I should have my child sit on the potty until my child urinates."

The nurse determines an adolescent is showing progress toward completing Erikson's psychosocial developmental stages if the adolescent makes which statement?

"I've met people who like that kind of music and we're going to a concert next week."

The nurse provides information to the mother of a toddler regarding toilet-training. The nurse should tell the mother what information? Select all that apply.

"The child should not be forced to sit on the potty for long periods." "The ability of the child to remove clothing is a sign of physical readiness." "Waiting until the child is 24 to 30 months old makes the task considerably easier." "At the age of 24 to 30 months old, the toddler is usually less negative and more willing to control their sphincters to please their parents."

The mother of a 4-year-old who was recently hospitalized brings the child to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The mother tells the nurse that the child has begun to wet the bed and that it started when the child was brought home from the hospital. The mother is concerned and asks the nurse what to do. Which nursing response is appropriate?

"This is a normal occurrence following hospitalization."

The parent of a 4-year-old child expresses concern because her hospitalized child has started sucking his thumb. The mother states that this behavior began 2 days after hospital admission. Which is the appropriate nursing response?

"This is common during hospitalization"

During a routine well-child checkup for a 2½ year old, the nurse plans to teach the mother proper nutrition and weight gain expectations for her child. The nurse reviews the chart and finds that the toddler's birth weight was 7 pounds 15 ounces. The nurse expects that the child should weigh approximately how much at this time?

31 pounds 12 ounces

A 4-year-old child is reluctant to take deep breaths following abdominal surgery. Which measure would be effective to encourage deep breathing?

Have the child pretend to be a big bad wolf blowing the little pig's house down.

The nurse is caring for a 8-month-old infant. The nurse determines the child is at the expected developmental level if the child displays which behavior?

Waves bye-bye

During a well-child checkup for a 4-month-old, the nurse reinforces instructing the mother how to introduce solid foods into her child's diet. Which statement indicates the mother needs further teaching?

"I will start giving home-prepared orange juice when my child is 3 months old."

Which statement by a nursing student about Kohlberg's theory of moral development indicates the need for further teaching about the theory?

"Individuals move through all six stages in a sequential fashion."

The mother of a toddler tells the nurse that she has a difficult time getting the child to go to bed at night. The nurse should make which suggestion to the mother?

"Inform the child of bedtime a few minutes before it is time for bed."

The parent of a 3-year-old tells the nurse that the child is constantly rebelling and having temper tantrums. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the parent?

Set limits on the child's behavior.

The nurse is assisting with data collection for a parent and son during a well-child visit. The nurse determines the child is in the phallic stage of Sigmund Freud's theory of personality development if the parent makes which comment?

"Yesterday my son asked me why he looked different from his sister."

A 4-year-old child diagnosed with leukemia is hospitalized for chemotherapy. The child is fearful of the hospitalization. Which nursing intervention should the nurse suggest to alleviate the child's fears?

Encourage the child's parents to stay with the child.

The nurse is observing a parent and child interacting in the clinic waiting room. The child begins to bounce on the couch. The parent removes the child from the couch stating firmly, "Couches are for sitting, not for jumping." The parent then gives the child a toy to play with on the carpet. The child plays with the toy until called by the nurse. The nurse determines the child is acting within which Kohlberg stage of moral development?

Punishment-obedience stage

In the well-child clinic, the nurse observes an infant, age 10 months, playing with toys, bringing them to his mouth, and passing the toys from one hand to the next. The nurse determines the child is in which Jean Piaget's first developmental stage?

Sensorimotor

The nurse employed in a well-baby clinic is collecting data on the language and communication developmental milestones of a 4-month-old infant. Based on the age of the infant, the nurse expects to note which highest level of developmental milestones?

Babbling sounds

The nurse is providing instructions to a new parent regarding the psychosocial development of the infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instruction should the nurse reinforce to the parents?

Allow the infant to signal a need.