NERVES QUESTIONS
In regions where the two layers of the dura mater separate, the gap between them is called A) a dural venous sinus B) the epidural space C) the subdural space D) the subarachnoid space
A) a dural venous sinus
Outside, the ____________ is covered with folia (literally, "leaves"); inside, it has a "tree" of white matter. A) cerebellum B) pons C) mesencephalon D) medulla oblongata
A) cerebellum
Which term describes masses of gray matter deep inside each cerebral hemisphere? A) cerebral nuclei B) limbic system C) corpus callosum D) mammillary bodies
A) cerebral nuclei
Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid in each ventricle? A) choroid plexus B) arachnoid villus C) arachnoid granulation D) diaphragma sellae
A) choroid plexus
Until it was banned, visual subliminal advertising seemed like a tremendous tool for the motion picture industry: a photograph of a hot dog interspersed occasionally among the frames of the movie, passing too quickly to be noticed, and yet hot dog sales skyrocketed. Which cerebral nucleus likely played a part? A) claustrum B) amygdaloid body C) globus pallidus D) putamen
A) claustrum
The mesencephalon comprises all of the following structures except the A) flocculonodular lobes B) corpora quadrigemina C) cerebral peduncles D) tegmentum
A) flocculonodular lobes
Of the primary brain vesicles, the only one that does not subdivide during embryonic development is the A) mesencephalon B) metencephalon C) prosencephalon D) rhombencephalon
A) mesencephalon
Which cranial nerve plays the largest role in the autonomic control of visceral functions? A) oculomotor B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) vagus
A) oculomotor
Cranial nerves with purely sensory functions include which of the following? A) olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear B) trigeminal and facial C) glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal D) all of the above
A) olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear
Which cerebral cortical area coordinates learned, skilled motor activities? A) premotor cortex B) prefrontal cortex C) primary motor cortex D) gnostic area
A) premotor cortex
Which hypothalamic nucleus or region serves as the body's "thermostat"? A) preoptic area B) anterior nucleus C) mammillary body D) suprachiasmatic nucleus
A) preoptic area
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of mastication and provides sensory information from the face, mouth, and anterior scalp? A) trigeminal B) facial C) vagus D) hypoglossal
A) trigeminal
Which pair does not correctly match a cranial nerve with its primary functional category? A) II, special sensory B) VII, mixed (sensory and motor) C) XI, somatic motor D) XII, general sensory
B) VII, mixed (sensory and motor)
The ____________ nerve monitors sensations of balance and equilibrium as well as hearing. A) vestibulocochlear B) accessory C) trochlear D) vagus
B) accessory
The word root ependyma, as in "ependymal cells," literally means A) a membrane B) an upper garment C) a braid D) a thin layer
B) an upper garment
The central white matter consists of which three groups of axons? A) afferent, efferent, and association tracts B) association, commissural, and projection tracts C) association tracts, arcuate fibers, and the internal capsule D) projection tracts, longitudinal fasciculi, and arcuate fibers
B) association, commissural, and projection tracts
Coordinating skeletal muscle movements and maintaining equilibrium are two of several important functions of the A) cerebrum B) cerebellum C) diencephalon D) mesencephalon
B) cerebellum
The amygdaloid body, claustrum, and corpus striatum are all components of the non-cortical gray matter of the cerebrum collectively known as the A) pontine nuclei B) cerebral nuclei C) reticular formation D) medial lemniscus
B) cerebral nuclei
Myelinated axons that extend between the cerebral hemispheres are called A) association tracts B) commissural tracts C) longitudinal fasciculi D) arcuate fibers
B) commissural tracts
Which statement does not describe the parietal lobe? A) is involved with general sensory functions B) contains the functionally important precentral gyrus C) is bounded posteriorly by the parieto-occipital sulcus D) forms the superoposterior part of each cerebral hemisphere
B) contains the functionally important precentral gyrus
Endocrine organs housed within the cranium are all directly associated with which brain region? A) cerebrum B) diencephalon C) medulla oblongata D) mesencephalon
B) diencephalon
Which cranial nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression and several glands, and conducts gustatory impulses from the anterior part of the tongue? A) trigeminal B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) hypoglossal
B) facial
The largest of the cranial dural septa is the A) sella turcica B) falx cerebri C) tentorium cerebelli D) falx cerebelli
B) falx cerebri
Hormones released by the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the ____________, which also controls the activities of the anterior pituitary as well as numerous autonomic functions, emotions, drives, and natural rhythms. A) thalamus B) hypothalamus C) tectum D) pons
B) hypothalamus
Which region of the diencephalon controls the ANS and endocrine system, body temperature, circadian rhythms, and various emotions and behavioral drives? A) epithalamus B) hypothalamus C) thalamus D) infundibulum
B) hypothalamus
Reflexive turning of the head and eyes in the direction of a sound is controlled by the ____________ of the mesencephalon. A) superior colliculi B) inferior colliculi C) red nuclei D) substantia nigra
B) inferior colliculi
The transverse fibers that connect the two parts of the metencephalon are the A) superior cerebellar peduncles B) middle cerebellar peduncles C) inferior cerebellar peduncles D) cerebral peduncles
B) middle cerebellar peduncles
All of the following refer to the same region of the mesencephalon except the A) corpora quadrigemina B) red nuclei and substantia nigra C) superior and inferior colliculi D) tectum
B) red nuclei and substantia nigra
Which cranial nerves have autonomic (parasympathetic) as well as somatic motor functions? A) I, III, V, and VI B) II, IV, and VIII C) III, VII, IX, and X D) X, XI, and XII
C) III, VII, IX, and X
Which cranial nerve assists in monitoring O2 and CO2 levels in the blood? A) V B) VII C) IX D) X
C) IX
The corpus striatum comprises all of the following except the A) putamen B) globus pallidus C) amygdaloid body D) caudate nucleus
C) amygdaloid body
From the subarachnoid space, excess cerebrospinal fluid flows into the dural venous sinuses through the A) lateral apertures B) median aperture C) arachnoid villi D) arachnoid trabeculae
C) arachnoid villi
The twelve pairs of cranial nerves A) are considered part of the CNS because they arise from the brain B) are composed much like spinal nerves, each with sensory and motor axons C) arise mostly from the brainstem, with only one pair from the telencephalon D) all of the above
C) arise mostly from the brainstem, with only one pair from the telencephalon
Which sequence lists the cranial meninges in order from superficial to deep? A) pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater B) dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid C) dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater D) arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater
C) dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
The tetrahedron-shaped cavity between the pons and cerebellum is the A) lateral ventricle B) third ventricle C) fourth ventricle D) mesencephalic aqueduct
C) fourth ventricle
Which description of the cerebellum is incorrect? A) has a complex, convoluted surface covered by cerebellar cortex B) a narrow band of cortex called the vermis lies along the midline C) has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres D) internally, white matter called the arbor vitae forms branching patterns
C) has prominent folds called gyri covering the left and right hemispheres
Which thalamic nuclei relay visual information from the optic tract to the visual cortex and mesencephalon? A) ventral anterior nuclei B) pulvinar nuclei C) lateral geniculate nuclei D) medial geniculate nuclei
C) lateral geniculate nuclei
The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) central sulcus B) lateral sulcus C) longitudinal fissure D) parieto-occipital sulcus
C) longitudinal fissure
Which two parts of the brain most directly control normal breathing? A) cerebrum and thalamus B) thalamus and hypothalamus C) pons and medulla oblongata D) cerebellum and mesencephalon
C) pons and medulla oblongata
The thalamus does all of the following except A) processes and relays sensory information to the primary sensory cortex B) filters incoming information and forwards relatively little to the cerebrum C) receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose D) sends signals about conscious awareness of emotional states to frontal lobes
C) receives and processes sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nose
The word root vagus, as in "vagus nerve," most nearly means A) long B) visceral C) wandering D) vital
C) wandering
Cerebrospinal fluid performs which of the following functions? A) provides buoyancy for the brain B) cushions neural structures from sudden movements C) delivers nutrients and chemical messengers and removes waste products D) all of the above
D) all of the above
Components of the limbic system A) conduct and process olfactory sensations B) collectively process and experience emotions C) are essential in storing memories and forming long-term memory D) all of the above
D) all of the above
The medulla oblongata contains A) nuclei associated with five pairs of cranial nerves B) nuclei and tracts that relay sensory information to the thalamus C) several autonomic nuclei that regulate functions vital for life D) all of the above
D) all of the above
The four major regions of the brain are the A) cerebrum, thalamus, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata B) telencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, and cerebellum C) prosencephalon, metencephalon, hypothalamus, and pons D) cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
D) cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum
The blood-brain barrier of the CNS is missing or markedly reduced in which of the following locations? A) spinal cord and cerebellum B) pituitary gland and thalamus C) choroid plexus, pons, and medulla oblongata D) choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
D) choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
Corpus callosum is to commissural as ____________ is to projection tracts. A) longitudinal fasciculus B) central white matter C) arbor vitae D) internal capsule
D) internal capsule
Because of its major roles in controlling emotions, drives, and memory, damage to the ____________ could drastically alter an individual's personality. A) periaqueductal gray matter B) substantia nigra C) tegmentum D) limbic system
D) limbic system
Damage to one's ____________ would impair the somatic reflexes involved in eating. A) habenular nuclei B) globus pallidus C) hippocampus D) mammillary bodies
D) mammillary bodies
What are the three regions of the brainstem? A) cerebrum, diencephalon, and cerebellum B) pons, cerebellum, and mesencephalon C) diencephalon, mesencephalon, and metencephalon D) mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
D) mesencephalon, pons, and medulla oblongata
Which cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles? A) abducens, trigeminal, and trochlear B) olfactory, oculomotor, and hypoglossal C) trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and oculomotor D) oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
D) oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens
Which cortical region is responsible for the conscious awareness of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature? A) premotor cortex B) primary gustatory cortex C) somatosensory association area D) primary somatosensory cortex
D) primary somatosensory cortex
Damage to Broca's area would most likely cause
Nonfluent aphasia
Parkinson disease results from ____________ and is generally ____________.
deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine; idiopathic
Which is more dangerous, and why: a subdural or an epidural hemorrhage?
epidural, because a damaged artery produces a rapidly growing hematoma
