Nervous System
Which one of the following happens during repolarization of a neuron?
Sodium channels close, and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily reestablish the membrane potential.
During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon passthrough next?
arachnoid
Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ________ located at the terminal ends.
bulbs
The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential.
false
The two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the limbic nervous system.
false
From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following structures is considered the oldest, most primitive division of the brain?
hindbrain
During which one of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron?
repolarization
When a person changes from one level of sleep to another during the night, neuronal activity in which one of the following brain regions increases?
reticular activating system (RAS)
Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?
sensory division
Both voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle movement are controlled through which one of the following divisions of thenervous system?
somatic division
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a demyelinating disease that results from nerve damage in the
spinal cord
Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system.
true
The absolute refractory period characteristic of neurons is important in ensuring that action potentials travel in only one direction.
true
Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one?
Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump
Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta-amyloid are problems associated with which one of the following diseases?
Alzheimer's disease
During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________
Ca2+, neurotransmitter
Which one of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?
Chemically gated channels for sodium open.
Which one of the following diseases is a progressive degenerative disorder caused by destruction of dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain that coordinate muscle movement?
Parkinson's disease
all of the following statements about psychoactive drugs are TRUE EXCEPT which one?
Psychoactive drugs typically bind to the medulla oblongata
All of the following are functions of the myelin sheath EXCEPT which one?
The myelin sheath plays an important role in synaptic transmission
Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period?
The neuron cannot generate an action potential.
Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they
are a type of neuroglial cell
Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system?
automatic
Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex?
brain
The central nervous system is composed of which of the following?
brain and spinal cord
The region of brain that coordinates antagonistic muscle movements is the
cerebellum
Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following?
cerebral cortex
The left and right sides of the cerebrum are interconnected by which one of the following?
corpus callosum
The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the
dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid
Which one of the following types of neurotransmitter functions as an inhibitory agent, typically suppressing the sensation of pain?
endorphins
All cells that make up the nervous system have excitable membranes.
false
The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the:
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
Regulation of the production of breast milk, carbohydrate metabolism, and temperature control are some of the functions of the:
hypothalamus
Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system?
increased blood pressure
Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with emotions and behavior?
limbic system
Control of respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure is integrated through the
medulla oblongata
Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?
motor neurons
Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are
neuroglial cells
Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state?
parasympathetic division
Which one of the following diseases is caused by a virus that is introduced to the body through the skin and travels along sensory neurons to the brain?
rabies
A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential
resting
The motor division of the peripheral nervous system sends information to all of the following EXCEPT which one?
sensory division
Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential?
sodium-potassium pump
Excitatory neurotransmitters encourage the generation of new electrical impulses by which one of the following?
stimulating depolarization of postsynaptic neurons
Preganglionic motor neurons of the ________ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of thespinal cord
sympathetic
Saltatory conduction is
the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons
A student noticed that every time he smelled a certain perfume in the hallway, it reminded him of his mother. This is due largely to the activity of the limbic system.
true
An action potential is a long or rapid release of energy, generated by the sodium-potassium pumps of neurons
false
Which one of the following parts of the brain effectively links the nervous system and the endocrine system?
hypothalamus
Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following?
interneurons
Reestablishment of the resting potential in a neuron following an action potential requires the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.
true
The reticular formation is associated with
wakefulness, posture, and muscle tone
